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DELTA® protects property. Saves energy. Creates comfort.

DELTA®-TERRAXX – protection and drainage systemfor horizontal application.

Technical Guide

Dörken – leadingthrough competence.For more than 100 years.

Developed from innovative ideas andmade in modern production facilities:The top-quality products offered byDörken GmbH & Co. KG for foundationprotection, drainage, and waterproofingset standards for reliability, durability,and energy conservation. Located in theWestphalian town of Herdecke, thecompany traditionally offers its clientshigh-quality products and customisedsolutions. Having lived up to thisstandard for more than 100 years,Dörken is and will always be apowerful partner for planners,dealers, and tradesmen. TE

STED

DELTA® QUALITY

DIN ISO 9001

Certified

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All our drainageproducts, DELTA®-NP DRAIN,

DELTA®-DRAIN,DELTA®-TERRAXX,

DELTA®-GEO-DRAINQuattro, DELTA®-GEO-DRAIN 800 TPconform to the requirements of the CEsign and those of the EN 13252 standard (Certificate No. 0799-CPD-13).

DELTA®-TERRAXX

DELTA®-NP DRAIN

DELTA®-DRAIN

DELTA®-GEO-DRAIN Quattro

DELTA®-GEO-DRAIN 800 TP

DELTA®-THENE

are conform to the

requirements of the

EN 13252

0799-CPD-13

3 �

� Stringent Requirements in Horizontal Application. 4

� DELTA®-TERRAXX – the All-round Solution for Outstanding Protection. 5

� Horizontal Drainage Layers. 6

� Overview of Technical Detail Solutions. 10

� Certified Safety under Permanent Loading. 12

� Fast and Easy Installation. 13

� Technical Data. 14

� Tender Specifications. 14

� DELTA®-Information. 16

Table of Contents

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Stringent Requirements in Horizontal Applications.

Large flat roofs and ceilings coveringunderground parking lots and buildingsneed not remain unused. They are idealfor performing more useful functions astraffic routes, playgrounds, or leisure areasas well as for creating extra parkingspace. When partially or entirely plantedwith a herbaceous covering, such areasmay improve the microclimate in residen-tial areas to a marked extent. In suchcases, any water delivered by precipita-tion or possibly building run-off must beconducted away safely both at the sur-face and in the waterproofing layer

below, and a high-performance drainagesystem is needed even within thesestructures. Otherwise, stagnant watermight destabilise the subgrade of trafficareas, plants might be damaged whentheir soil becomes waterlogged, and thewhole might constitute an additionalburden on the waterproofing systemitself. Commercial mineral drainage sys-tems consisting of gravel or chippingswill meet these requirements only atgreat expense. Not only is there a dan-ger of such structures becoming cloggedup by sludge and gradually losing their

drainage capability, in consequence, therequisite minimum thickness of such alayer constitutes a handicap for plannersand a static cost factor that must betaken into account.DELTA® branded drainage sheets offeran economical alternative in these appli-cations. The material combines low thick-ness with a high protective effect, alarge drainage capacity, permanently stable filtration, high compression resis-tance, and outstanding durability.

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DELTA®-TERRAXX – the All-roundSolution for Outstanding Protection.

DELTA®-TERRAXX an extremely robustprotection and drainage system, has beenoptimised for different applications inhorizontal drainage. Consisting of a dim-pled sheet with a fused-on geotextile, thecomposite material forms a highly effec-tive drainage layer: Facing up, the geo-textile acts as a filter protecting the air gapcreated by the dimpled sheet underneath.

� Reliably protects and insulates waterproo-fing layers against mechanical damage.

� Withstands extreme compression loads of400 kN/m2 (up to type-60 heavy trucks,depending on the covering).

� High drainage capacity prevents frost damage and encrustations.

� Water-vapour pressure is drained awaythrough the structure.

� Water drainage capacity exceeds that of gravel or chipping layers.

� No obstruction by sludge underneath thecovering layer.

� Good load distribution prevents point loadson the waterproofing layer.

� Resultant static building loads lower thanthose of gravel layers.

� Easy and cost-efficient installation.

The advantages of DELTA®-TERRAXX at a glance:

Under a covering of gravel, chippings, orsoil, the heat-bonded permanent-filtrationgeotextile keeps the dimple structurefrom being clogged up by sludge, thusensuring that any excess water is drainedaway completely and freely. Its integratedself-sealing edge makes the dimpled sheeteasy to lay out and helps to prevent rootpenetration. The smooth backing of the

material ensures that any impinging loadsare distributed evenly across the water-proofing surface. Thus, DELTA®-TERRAXXmakes it safe for workers to walk on anycompression-resistant waterproofing lay-ers during the construction phase, at thesame time protecting the waterproofningfrom mechanical damage and harmfulexposure to heat.

DELTA®-TERRAXX is a powerful foundation for safe surface drainage.

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� Gravel.

� Dimpled sheet with integrated self-sealing edge.

� Optional separation/slipsheet.

� Compression-resistant water-proofing.

� Permanent-filtration geotextile.

� Pavement.

� Soil substrate.

� Concreteceiling.

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Parking decks.Before a waterproofed parking deck canbe paved with concrete, a drainage layermust be installed. This is done by layingout DELTA®-TERRAXX drainage sheetingon the separation/slip sheet covering thewaterproof surface of the parking deckand applying the steel reinforcements ontop, held in place by spacers. Once thisis done, the concrete paving may bepoured on directly. When installed,DELTA®-TERRAXX forms a drainage layerwhich keeps frost from damaging boththe waterproofing and the pavement bypreventing accumulations of water thatmight cause harm to these layers.

Walkways and flagstones.Under superstructures covered with pavingstones or slabs, a drainage layer coveringthe entire surface will carry away safelyand without delay any rainwater that mayseep into the structure. In a layer of gravelor chippings, whose drainage capacity is limited, water may accumulate, expandas it freezes, and push the pavementupward. Even the waterproofing layer may be damaged by frost in these cases.Only a surface gradient of 4 to 5 %(cf. WTA instruction sheet E 5-21-07/D)ensures that water will drain away quicklyenough. DELTA®-TERRAXX permits waterto flow freely even under surfaces with a

normal inclination, thus helping to avoidthe kind of damage described above.Similarly, the regulations for the roofingtrade (Sect. 4.7.2.2, walkable roof decks)demand that roof terraces, for example,should be equipped with drainage layersto ensure that any water that reaches thewaterproofing is drained away efficiently.

After the drainage layer has been laid outon the waterproofing it can be coveredwith sand, gravel, or chippings to which a covering of paving stones or slabs maybe applied.

Horizontal Drainage Layers.

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Soil-covered ceilings.DELTA®-TERRAXX also prevents wateraccumulations on soil-covered waterproofedceilings. Any excess rainwater that cannotbe stored in the vegetation layer isabsorbed and carried off by the drainagelayer across the entire surface, with thegeotextile reliably preventing minusculeparticles from penetrating into thedrainage level.When covered with soil, DELTA®-TERRAXXwill support wheeled loaders during theconstruction phase, and the completedsurface will even bear the weight of heavyfire engines, given a thick enough soilcovering (see table on page 13).

The diagram shows the drainage capacity of DELTA®-TERRAXX under a common load of 20 kN/m2 in relation to the ceiling gradient. Thus, for example, the drainage capacity is 0.32 l/s · m at a gradient of 2 % (maximum length: 35 m), soaring to 0.42 l/s · m at a gradientof 3 % (maximum length: ca. 45 m). The resultant drainage lengths are based on the specifi-cations of DIN 1986-100, Sect. 9.3.2.: To arrive at the drainage length, the rainfall yield(commonly 0.03 l/s · m) is multiplied by a reduction factor (0.3 in the case of soil substrates).

DELTA®-TERRAXXDrainage capacity under a herbaceous roof

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Ceiling gradient [ % ]

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Protection and drainage of gravel-covered flat roofs.In conventional flat roofs, where the topprotective covering consists of a layer ofgravel, the top layer of waterproof sheet-ing is generally sheeted with PE material.However, these thin sheets afford no pro-tection whatever from mechanical damagethat might be inflicted on the waterproof-ing layer by gravel splinters, maintenanceactivities, or other external influences.Especially gravel that has been extracted'pneumatically' is very likely to contain ahigher proportion of fragments due torelatively high impact speeds during ex-traction, so that a robust protective layer

Horizontal Drainage Layers.

impact on the natural behaviour ofaquifer water to a minimum, an efficientdrainage system below the foundationslab is indispensable.In this instance, DELTA®-TERRAXX mayconstitute an alternative with a markedlybetter performance than a conventionalhorizontal drainage system consisting ofa 30-cm mineral layer.DELTA®-TERRAXX acts as a sub-basecourse, at the same time separating thefoundation slab from the moist subsoil.Once the drainage sheets have been laidout with the cloth side facing downward,concrete may be poured on. The drainagecapacity of the sheet will not changebecause the dimples are filled with con-crete. Cement paste cannot seep into the ground when the concrete is poured.Drain pipes must be integrated in thecontinuous footing to catch and carry theaquifer water.

becomes indispensable. This is anotherproblem which DELTA®-TERRAXX mayhelp to solve. Laid out under gravel, thematerial forms a highly effective and cost-efficient protective layer. In addition tooffering optimum protection to the skinof the roof, the sheets form an extremelyefficient surface-drainage layer: Even aftera gravel layer has become clogged up bysludge over the years, DELTA®-TERRAXXwill reliably carry away any water abovethe waterproofing, thus permanently pre-venting the formation of water accumula-tions.

Horizontal drainage below foundationslabs.When a building is erected on a slope,the excavation often cuts into the aquifer.If the water emerges below the founda-tion slab, it must be drained off, not onlyto keep hydrostatic pressure form build-ing up but also to avoid a negativeimpact on the water regime. To keep the

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Application in building protection.Building protection mats are subject tospecial requirements which granulated-rubber mats often fail to fulfil satisfactorily:While conventional sheets offer nothingmore than protection, DELTA®-TERRAXXcombines efficient protection with effectivelong-term drainage to avoid frost damage.At the same time, this keeps silt from accumulating under the surface layer.

When applied under concrete, asphalt,gravel, herbaceous coverings, paving stones, and slabs or on top of waterproofinglayers, DELTA®-TERRAXX proves superiorto granulated-rubber mats not only interms of performance but also in terms ofprice and ease of laying: Its ideal width of2.40 m (30 m2 per roll) permits cost-efficientinstallation while its integrated self-sealingedge keeps the sheets from shifting. Lying

flat like a board, sheets will retain theiroriginal shape even at high temperatures:They may be freely exposed to the weatherfor up to two weeks without any additionalsurface protection. Weighing no morethat 0.7 kg/m2, DELTA®-TERRAXX is tentimes lighter than a granulated-rubbermat. Yet another crucial advantage comesto the fore on hot summer days, whengranulated-rubber mats tend to emit ahighly disagreeable odour while DELTA®-TERRAXX remains absolutely odourless.

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Accessible roof covered with paving stones or slabs. Connectedto a door with an outside step. Splash guard height: 15 cm.

Accessible roof covered with paving stones or slabs. Connectedto a barrier-less door with an outside box gutter.

Accessible roof covered with paving stones or slabs. Roof drainconnection.

Overview of TechnicalDetail Solutions.

Accessible roof covered with paving stones or slabs. Roof edge/fascia.

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Herbaceous roof detail – connection to a door with an outside step.Splash guard height: 15 cm.

Herbaceous roof detail – roof drain connection.

Herbaceous roof detail – connection to a double-shelledmasonry structure.

Herbaceous roof detail – fascia with metal cover.

(For further detail drawings of horizontal applications, visit us at www.doerken.de)

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Certified Safety under PermanentLoading.

To judge which drainage system is suit-able for a certain application, it is crucialto consider not only its vertical but alsoits horizontal drainage capacity. All com-mercial drainage elements undergo compression over time to an extent thatdepends on the nature of the system andthe structure. At all events, planners mustfeel certain that the drainage systemselected will remain functional over pro-longed periods, and that its safety is documented.

For this reason, the creep strength ofDELTA®-TERRAXX was investigated by areputable materialstesting institute to seehow their drainage capacities are modi-fied by exposure to a permanent load of20 kN/m2 over a period of 50 years. Theresult is highly convincing: In vertical appli-cation, the drainage shees display an out-standing drainage capacity of 3.1 l/s · m oninstallation, which diminishes only slightlyto 2.68 l/s · m after 50 years' exposure toa load of 20 kN/m2. Laid out horizontallyunder a burden of 20 kN/m2, the perfor-mance of the two sheets is no different:

Installed on a gradient of 10 %, their initialdrainage capacity is 0.91 l/s · m, decliningto 0.77 l/s · m after 50 years. On a 2 %gradient, their drainage capacity amountsto 0.35 l/s · m on installation, dwindlingonly minimally after 50 years to 0.29 l/s · m,ten times the value specified in thedrainage standard DIN 4095, which is0.03 l/s · m. The conclusion is that DELTA®-TERRAXX offer a maximum of security toplanners, owners, and tradesmen.

0,01

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0,77

0,29

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0,1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000

Drainage capacity after 50 years under a permanent load of 20 kPa

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Exposure time [ h ]

Vertical installation 10 % gradient 2 % gradient 1% gradient

DELTA®-TERRAXXconform toDIN 18195for warterproofing andDIN 4095for drainage

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Fast and Easy Installation.

DELTA®-TERRAXX can be laid out quickly,safely, and cost-efficiently straight fromthe roll. Sheets are simply rolled off ontop of the waterproofing, with the perma-nent-filtration geotextile always facing up.The roofing membrane manufacturersshould be consulted about whether or notseparation/slip sheets are required. Oneroll yields 30 m2 of high-performancedrainage in a single pass. The time requiredfor laying amounts to no more than oneminute per square metre. The drainagesheet should cover the entire waterproofinglayer as well as the foot of any verticalelement, such as a parapet or a wall.Exposed vertical surfaces should be protected from mechanical influences bysealing lips or similar accessories.

Finishing comes easy even where detailsare concerned. In the overlap zones, oneedge of the sheet is free of dimples andequipped with a self-adhesive strip. Tojoin a sheet to its neighbour, you merelyneed to lift up the geotextile and pushthe adjacent sheet underneath it. Then,you pull off the liner that covers the adhesive tape and glue the two sheets

together. Once this is done, the sheetscan no longer shift, and their edges can-not be raised up by wind.Immediately after laying, the drainagesheets will easily bear the weight of awheelbarrow or even a wheeled loaderwhen covered with made ground, whichshould be at least 20 cm thick for awheeled loader.

To bear the weight of a vehicle, the madeground should have the minimum thick-ness listed below:

Vehicle type Granular sub-base

Passenger car ≥ 10 cm

Truck 3/3 ≥ 10 cm

Truck 6/6 ≥ 15 cm

Truck 9/9 ≥ 15 cm

Truck 12/12 ≥ 20 cm

Truck 16/16 ≥ 20 cm

Heavy truck 30 ≥ 20 cm

Heavy truck 60 ≥ 35 cm

Techical Data.

DELTA®-TERRAXX on horizontalwaterproofing Two-ply protectionand drainage system featuring a self-adhesive edge (made by DörkenGmbH & Co. KG, D-58311 Herdecke),to be delivered and expertly installed.

Consult the roofing sheet manufac-turer about separation layers andslipsheets.

Building height: … m above ground.

Sheets shall be laid out in confor-mance with the manufacturer’sinstructions. Sheet overlaps must beadequate. Overlaps should be heldtogether by the integrated self-sea-ling edge. The permanent-filtrationgeotextile must face the soil.

Tender Specifications

Dimpled drainage sheets

Dimpled sheet HDPE silver

Filter cloth PP grey

Flat edge/self-sealing overlap edge Yes/yes

Dimple height ca. 9 mm

Air gap ca. 7,9 l/m2

Contact area dimples/ground ca. 8.000 cm2/m2

Compressive strength (transient loading) ca. 400 kN/m2

Compressive strength (permanent loading) ca. 90 kN/m2

Installation depth 10 m

Service temperature range -30 °C to +80 °C

Tensile strength 6,0 kN/m (EN ISO 10319)

Dynamic perforation resistance(Cone drop test) 40 mm (EN 918)

Opening size O90 150 µm (EN 12956)

Roll size 12,5 m x 2,4 m

Hydraulic properties

Drainage capacity without loading in l/s · m

i = 0,02 0,40i = 0,03 0,51i = 0,10 1,03i = 1,00 3,50

Drainage capacity with 20 kN/m2 load in l/s · m

i = 0,02 0,32i = 0,03 0,42i = 0,10 0,84i = 1,00 3,10

Durability: To be covered within 2 weeks after installation. No deterio-ration after 25 years in natural soil having a pH value between 4 and 9and a temperature of < 25 °C. Accessories: DELTA®-DRAINAGEVLIES separation and filter cloth toensure the filtration function of drainage systems.

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Dörken GmbH & Co. KG

Wetterstraße 58

D-58313 Herdecke

Tel.: +49 23 30/63-0

Fax: +49 23 30/63-355

bvf@doerken.de

www.doerken.de

A company of the Dörken Group.

Delta Membrane Systems Ltd.

Delta House,

Merlin Way,

North Weald, Epping,

Essex, CM16 6HR

Tel.: 01992 523523

Fax: 01992 523250

info@deltamembranes.com

www.deltamembranes.com

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DELTA® Information about protection and drainage systems for horizontal applications.

Product prospectus

Detailed information about thetwo protection and drainagesystems DELTA®-GEO-DRAINQuattro (for thick coatings)and DELTA®-TERRAXX (forcompressionresistant water-proofing).

DELTA®-foundation

protection details

Design drawings showing foun-dation protection, drainage,and waterproofing systems areavailable at www.doerken.de inpdf format for you to print outand save. The same informa-tion is avail-able on CD-ROM.

Technical planning

Valuable explanations abouthow the various DELTA®

systems may be used to protect buildings, cellars,underground parking lots, and tunnels effectively from damp and water.