Deltares’ hydraulic, geotechnical and ecological expertise in marine environments supports offshore engineers in the development, safe operation and monitoring of offshore wind farms. This Capability Statement provides an overview of Deltares\' capabilities.
Offshore wind energy Offshore wind farms have recently become an appealing form of sustainable energy, encouraged by govern- ments worldwide and related to global climate change. Pilot wind farms across Northern Europe have proven to be successful and provided expert knowledge on the design and installation of turbines and wind farm monitoring. Future generation wind farms face new challenges, such as deep-water foundations, installation in severe environments, and mitigating large-scale and long-term impacts on the environment. Deltares’ hydraulic, geotechnical and ecological exper- tise in marine environments supports offshore engi- neers in the development, safe operation and monitor- ing of offshore wind farms. Our specialised consultancy and integrated studies focus on: • Operational and extreme metocean design conditions • Modelling of wave forces and wave run-up • Scour prediction, scour protection and morphological changes • Geotechnical studies for foundation design • Cable trenching, burial and risk assessment • Spatial planning and environmental legislation and • Environmental impact assessments • Geophysical surveys and interpretation of the sub-surface
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Offshore wind energy
Offshore wind farms have recently become an appealing form of sustainable energy, encouraged by govern-ments worldwide and related to global climate change. Pilot wind farms across Northern Europe have proven to be successful and provided expert knowledge on the design and installation of turbines and wind farm monitoring. Future generation wind farms face new challenges, such as deep-water foundations, installation in severe environments, and mitigating large-scale and long-term impacts on the environment.
Deltares’ hydraulic, geotechnical and ecological exper-tise in marine environments supports offshore engi-neers in the development, safe operation and monitor-ing of offshore wind farms. Our specialised consultancy and integrated studies focus on:
Keywords: offshore wind energy, metocean conditions, foundation design, EIA
Offshore wind farms have recently become an appealing form of sustainable energy, encouragedby governments worldwide and related to global climate change. Pilot wind farms across NorthernEurope have proven to be successful and provided expert knowledge on the design andinstallation of turbines and wind farm monitoring. Future generation wind farms face newchallenges, such as deep-water foundations, installation in severe environments, and mitigatinglarge-scale and long-term impacts on the environment.
Deltares’ hydraulic, geotechnical and ecological expertise in marine environments supportsoffshore engineers in the development, safe operation and monitoring of offshore wind farms. Ourspecialised consultancy and integrated studies focus on:
o Operational and extreme metocean design conditionso Modelling of wave forces and wave run-upo Scour prediction, scour protection and morphological changeso Geotechnical studies for foundation designo Cable trenching, burial and risk assessmento Spatial planning and environmental legislation ando Environmental impact assessmentso Geophysical surveys and interpretation of the sub-surface
Keywords: offshore wind energy, metocean conditions, foundation design, EIA
Offshore wind farms have recently become an appealing form of sustainable energy, encouragedby governments worldwide and related to global climate change. Pilot wind farms across NorthernEurope have proven to be successful and provided expert knowledge on the design andinstallation of turbines and wind farm monitoring. Future generation wind farms face newchallenges, such as deep-water foundations, installation in severe environments, and mitigatinglarge-scale and long-term impacts on the environment.
Deltares’ hydraulic, geotechnical and ecological expertise in marine environments supportsoffshore engineers in the development, safe operation and monitoring of offshore wind farms. Ourspecialised consultancy and integrated studies focus on:
o Operational and extreme metocean design conditionso Modelling of wave forces and wave run-upo Scour prediction, scour protection and morphological changeso Geotechnical studies for foundation designo Cable trenching, burial and risk assessmento Spatial planning and environmental legislation ando Environmental impact assessmentso Geophysical surveys and interpretation of the sub-surface
Statistics for the design basisEnvironmental design conditions are needed as input for thedesign of wind turbines and their foundations. Deltaresprovides all relevant parameters such as:
o wind speed at various levels, wind direction,o wave heights, wave periods, wave direction,o current velocity, current direction ando water levels.
We use our knowledge on environmental processes andstatistics to translate individual parameter data into jointprobabilities, confidence intervals and evaluations of fieldmeasurements.
Extreme value analysis of significant wave heights, wave rose and
validation of predictions against measurements
Numerical modelling of waves, currents and waterlevelsDeltares operates a number of regional models of waves, tidalcurrents and water levels. These dedicated local models areset-up according to project-specific needs. Accurate numericalmodelling is essential, especially for those areas that are notlocated near a measurement station, that have a complexbathymetry or where wave-current interaction plays animportant role.
Computational grid of Continental Shelf Model and nested models
Weather window analysis for marine installations
The erection of an offshorewind park is a logisticalchallenge and requirescoordination of supply andsupport vessels, installationjack-ups and transfer ofpersonnel. These operationsare all weather restricted.Statistical analysis ofexpected weather windows istherefore essential for theplanning of marineinstallations. Deltares is ableto support clients with simpleand complex weather window analyses, validate and provideoperational forecasts and decision support systems based onwhat-if simulations.
Wave forces and wave run-upThe maximum wave run-up level and the vertical pressureprovide valuable input for the design of access platforms.Standard computations of wave forces at slender cylindricalpiles are available from engineering software programs, textbooks and design codes and allow for the determination ofdrag and inertia forces efficiently and with reasonableaccuracy. However, forces on more complex structures,especially large gravity base foundations, require a moreadvanced approach.Together with the University of Groningen and MARIN,Deltares is currently developing the 3D computational fluiddynamics program “ComFLOW”. ComFLOW computes waveimpact forces and wave run-up for arbitrary geometries andextreme wave conditions, is based on the improved volume offluid method and solves the Navier-Stokes equation.
ComFLOW flow field, water levels and run-up at a monopile
ComFLOW can be used to compute wave impact forces andwave run-up for arbitrary geometries and extreme waveconditions. The maximum wave run-up level and the verticalpressure provide valuable input for the design of accessplatforms.
Numerical modelling of waves, currents and water levelsDeltaresoperatesanumberofregionalmodelsofwaves,tidal currents and water levels. These dedicated local models are set-up according to project-specific needs. Accurate numerical modelling is essential, especially for those areas that are not located near a measurement station,thathaveacomplexbathymetryorwherewave-current interaction plays an important role.
Metocean conditions
Statistics for the design basisEnvironmental design conditions are needed as input for thedesign of wind turbines and their foundations. Deltaresprovides all relevant parameters such as:
o wind speed at various levels, wind direction,o wave heights, wave periods, wave direction,o current velocity, current direction ando water levels.
We use our knowledge on environmental processes andstatistics to translate individual parameter data into jointprobabilities, confidence intervals and evaluations of fieldmeasurements.
Extreme value analysis of significant wave heights, wave rose and
validation of predictions against measurements
Numerical modelling of waves, currents and waterlevelsDeltares operates a number of regional models of waves, tidalcurrents and water levels. These dedicated local models areset-up according to project-specific needs. Accurate numericalmodelling is essential, especially for those areas that are notlocated near a measurement station, that have a complexbathymetry or where wave-current interaction plays animportant role.
Computational grid of Continental Shelf Model and nested models
Weather window analysis for marine installations
The erection of an offshorewind park is a logisticalchallenge and requirescoordination of supply andsupport vessels, installationjack-ups and transfer ofpersonnel. These operationsare all weather restricted.Statistical analysis ofexpected weather windows istherefore essential for theplanning of marineinstallations. Deltares is ableto support clients with simpleand complex weather window analyses, validate and provideoperational forecasts and decision support systems based onwhat-if simulations.
Wave forces and wave run-upThe maximum wave run-up level and the vertical pressureprovide valuable input for the design of access platforms.Standard computations of wave forces at slender cylindricalpiles are available from engineering software programs, textbooks and design codes and allow for the determination ofdrag and inertia forces efficiently and with reasonableaccuracy. However, forces on more complex structures,especially large gravity base foundations, require a moreadvanced approach.Together with the University of Groningen and MARIN,Deltares is currently developing the 3D computational fluiddynamics program “ComFLOW”. ComFLOW computes waveimpact forces and wave run-up for arbitrary geometries andextreme wave conditions, is based on the improved volume offluid method and solves the Navier-Stokes equation.
ComFLOW flow field, water levels and run-up at a monopile
ComFLOW can be used to compute wave impact forces andwave run-up for arbitrary geometries and extreme waveconditions. The maximum wave run-up level and the verticalpressure provide valuable input for the design of accessplatforms.
Extreme value analysis of significant wave heights, wave rose and vali-
dation of predictions against measurements
Metocean conditions
Statistics for the design basisEnvironmental design conditions are needed as input for thedesign of wind turbines and their foundations. Deltaresprovides all relevant parameters such as:
o wind speed at various levels, wind direction,o wave heights, wave periods, wave direction,o current velocity, current direction ando water levels.
We use our knowledge on environmental processes andstatistics to translate individual parameter data into jointprobabilities, confidence intervals and evaluations of fieldmeasurements.
Extreme value analysis of significant wave heights, wave rose and
validation of predictions against measurements
Numerical modelling of waves, currents and waterlevelsDeltares operates a number of regional models of waves, tidalcurrents and water levels. These dedicated local models areset-up according to project-specific needs. Accurate numericalmodelling is essential, especially for those areas that are notlocated near a measurement station, that have a complexbathymetry or where wave-current interaction plays animportant role.
Computational grid of Continental Shelf Model and nested models
Weather window analysis for marine installations
The erection of an offshorewind park is a logisticalchallenge and requirescoordination of supply andsupport vessels, installationjack-ups and transfer ofpersonnel. These operationsare all weather restricted.Statistical analysis ofexpected weather windows istherefore essential for theplanning of marineinstallations. Deltares is ableto support clients with simpleand complex weather window analyses, validate and provideoperational forecasts and decision support systems based onwhat-if simulations.
Wave forces and wave run-upThe maximum wave run-up level and the vertical pressureprovide valuable input for the design of access platforms.Standard computations of wave forces at slender cylindricalpiles are available from engineering software programs, textbooks and design codes and allow for the determination ofdrag and inertia forces efficiently and with reasonableaccuracy. However, forces on more complex structures,especially large gravity base foundations, require a moreadvanced approach.Together with the University of Groningen and MARIN,Deltares is currently developing the 3D computational fluiddynamics program “ComFLOW”. ComFLOW computes waveimpact forces and wave run-up for arbitrary geometries andextreme wave conditions, is based on the improved volume offluid method and solves the Navier-Stokes equation.
ComFLOW flow field, water levels and run-up at a monopile
ComFLOW can be used to compute wave impact forces andwave run-up for arbitrary geometries and extreme waveconditions. The maximum wave run-up level and the verticalpressure provide valuable input for the design of accessplatforms.
Weather window analysis for marine installationsTheerectionofanoffshorewindparkisalogisticalchallenge and requires coordination of supply and supportvessels,installationjack-upsandtransferof
Metocean conditions
Statistics for the design basisEnvironmental design conditions are needed as input for thedesign of wind turbines and their foundations. Deltaresprovides all relevant parameters such as:
o wind speed at various levels, wind direction,o wave heights, wave periods, wave direction,o current velocity, current direction ando water levels.
We use our knowledge on environmental processes andstatistics to translate individual parameter data into jointprobabilities, confidence intervals and evaluations of fieldmeasurements.
Extreme value analysis of significant wave heights, wave rose and
validation of predictions against measurements
Numerical modelling of waves, currents and waterlevelsDeltares operates a number of regional models of waves, tidalcurrents and water levels. These dedicated local models areset-up according to project-specific needs. Accurate numericalmodelling is essential, especially for those areas that are notlocated near a measurement station, that have a complexbathymetry or where wave-current interaction plays animportant role.
Computational grid of Continental Shelf Model and nested models
Weather window analysis for marine installations
The erection of an offshorewind park is a logisticalchallenge and requirescoordination of supply andsupport vessels, installationjack-ups and transfer ofpersonnel. These operationsare all weather restricted.Statistical analysis ofexpected weather windows istherefore essential for theplanning of marineinstallations. Deltares is ableto support clients with simpleand complex weather window analyses, validate and provideoperational forecasts and decision support systems based onwhat-if simulations.
Wave forces and wave run-upThe maximum wave run-up level and the vertical pressureprovide valuable input for the design of access platforms.Standard computations of wave forces at slender cylindricalpiles are available from engineering software programs, textbooks and design codes and allow for the determination ofdrag and inertia forces efficiently and with reasonableaccuracy. However, forces on more complex structures,especially large gravity base foundations, require a moreadvanced approach.Together with the University of Groningen and MARIN,Deltares is currently developing the 3D computational fluiddynamics program “ComFLOW”. ComFLOW computes waveimpact forces and wave run-up for arbitrary geometries andextreme wave conditions, is based on the improved volume offluid method and solves the Navier-Stokes equation.
ComFLOW flow field, water levels and run-up at a monopile
ComFLOW can be used to compute wave impact forces andwave run-up for arbitrary geometries and extreme waveconditions. The maximum wave run-up level and the verticalpressure provide valuable input for the design of accessplatforms.
personnel. These operations are all weather restricted. Statisticalanalysisofexpectedweatherwindowsistherefore essential for the planning of marine installa-tions.Deltaresisabletosupportclientswithsimpleandcomplex weather window analyses, validate and provide operational forecasts and decision support systems basedonwhat-ifsimulations.
Wave forces and wave run-upThe maximum wave run-up level and the vertical pres-sureprovidevaluableinputforthedesignofaccessplatforms.Standardcomputationsofwaveforcesatslendercylindricalpilesareavailablefromengineeringsoftwareprograms,textbooksanddesigncodesandallow for the determination of drag and inertia forces ef-ficientlyandwithreasonableaccuracy.However,forceson more complex structures, especially large gravity basefoundations,requireamoreadvancedapproach.TogetherwiththeUniversityofGroningenandMARIN,Deltares is currently developing the 3D computational fluiddynamicsprogram“ComFLOW”.ComFLOWcom-puteswaveimpactforcesandwaverun-upforarbitrarygeometriesandextremewaveconditions,isbasedonthe improved volume of fluid method and solves the Navier-Stokesequation.
ComFLOW flow field, water levels and run-up at a monopile
Metocean conditionsStatistics for the design basisEnvironmentaldesignconditionsareneededasinputforthedesignofwindturbinesandtheirfoundations.Deltares provides all relevant parameters such as:
Weuseourknowledgeonenvironmentalprocessesandstatistics to translate individual parameter data into jointprobabilities,confidenceintervalsandevaluationsof field measurements.
Computational grid of Continental Shelf Model and nested models
Deltares - Geo-engineering 3
Metocean conditions
Statistics for the design basisEnvironmental design conditions are needed as input for thedesign of wind turbines and their foundations. Deltaresprovides all relevant parameters such as:
o wind speed at various levels, wind direction,o wave heights, wave periods, wave direction,o current velocity, current direction ando water levels.
We use our knowledge on environmental processes andstatistics to translate individual parameter data into jointprobabilities, confidence intervals and evaluations of fieldmeasurements.
Extreme value analysis of significant wave heights, wave rose and
validation of predictions against measurements
Numerical modelling of waves, currents and waterlevelsDeltares operates a number of regional models of waves, tidalcurrents and water levels. These dedicated local models areset-up according to project-specific needs. Accurate numericalmodelling is essential, especially for those areas that are notlocated near a measurement station, that have a complexbathymetry or where wave-current interaction plays animportant role.
Computational grid of Continental Shelf Model and nested models
Weather window analysis for marine installations
The erection of an offshorewind park is a logisticalchallenge and requirescoordination of supply andsupport vessels, installationjack-ups and transfer ofpersonnel. These operationsare all weather restricted.Statistical analysis ofexpected weather windows istherefore essential for theplanning of marineinstallations. Deltares is ableto support clients with simpleand complex weather window analyses, validate and provideoperational forecasts and decision support systems based onwhat-if simulations.
Wave forces and wave run-upThe maximum wave run-up level and the vertical pressureprovide valuable input for the design of access platforms.Standard computations of wave forces at slender cylindricalpiles are available from engineering software programs, textbooks and design codes and allow for the determination ofdrag and inertia forces efficiently and with reasonableaccuracy. However, forces on more complex structures,especially large gravity base foundations, require a moreadvanced approach.Together with the University of Groningen and MARIN,Deltares is currently developing the 3D computational fluiddynamics program “ComFLOW”. ComFLOW computes waveimpact forces and wave run-up for arbitrary geometries andextreme wave conditions, is based on the improved volume offluid method and solves the Navier-Stokes equation.
ComFLOW flow field, water levels and run-up at a monopile
ComFLOW can be used to compute wave impact forces andwave run-up for arbitrary geometries and extreme waveconditions. The maximum wave run-up level and the verticalpressure provide valuable input for the design of accessplatforms.
ComFLOWcanbeusedtocomputewaveimpactforcesandwaverun-upforarbitrarygeometriesandextremewave conditions. The maximum wave run-up level and theverticalpressureprovidevaluableinputforthede-sign of access platforms. Scour and scour protectionScour predictionLocalerosionofseabedmaterialleadstosignificantscour holes, which can jeopardize the foundation stability.Anestimateforthemaximumexpectedscourdepth is required for the structural design and to decide whethercountermeasures(scourprotection)willbere-quired. The time rate of scouring is of particular interest intheinstallationphasebecauseitdeterminesthetimeat which a critical scour depth is reached and scour protectionneedstobeapplied.
Deltares has carried out numerous research projects, which have resulted in the development of scour predic-tionformulaefortheequilibriumscourdepthandthetime rate of scour development under offshore condi-tions.Wehavedevelopedsophisticatedmodellingtech-niques with digital video cameras that allow insight into processesduringstormconditions.Extensiveknowledgeandexperienceisnotonlyavailableformonopilesbutalsoforgravitybasefoundations,jacketsandjack-ups.
Conceptual scour protection design
Fortheconceptualscourprotectiondesign,Deltareshasdevelopedtheengineeringsoftwareprogram“PROBED”.PROBEDisauser-friendlyandflexibleprogramforcal-culatingbedprotectionsandpipecoverssubjectedtoacombinationofcurrentsand(non-breaking)waves.ThisprogramisthesuccessortoearlierprogramslikeBPP(BottomProtectionProgram)andPipecover,bothdevel-opedbyDeltares(formerlyDelftHydraulics).PROBEDincludes the latest and validated design formulae and itgivestheuserbetterinsightinthesensitivitytotheinput parameters.
Scour and scour protection
Scour predictionLocal erosion of seabed material leads to significant scourholes, which can jeopardize the foundation stability. Anestimate for the maximum expected scour depth is requiredfor the structural design and to decide whether countermeasures (scour protection) will be required. The time rate ofscouring is of particular interest in the installation phasebecause it determines the time at which a critical scour depthis reached and scour protection needs to be applied.
Deltares has carried out numerous research projects, whichhave resulted in the development of scour prediction formulaefor the equilibrium scour depth and the time rate of scourdevelopment under offshoreconditions. We havedeveloped sophisticatedmodelling techniques withdigital video cameras thatallow insight into processesduring storm conditions.Extensive knowledge and experience is not only available formonopiles but also for gravity base foundations, jackets andjack-ups.
Conceptual scour protection designFor the conceptual scour protection design, Deltares hasdeveloped the engineering software program “PROBED”.PROBED is a user-friendly and flexible program for calculatingbed protections and pipe covers subjected to a combination ofcurrents and (non-breaking) waves. This program is thesuccessor to earlier programs like BPP (Bottom ProtectionProgram) and Pipecover, both developed by Deltares(formerly Delft Hydraulics). PROBED includes the latest andvalidated design formulae and it gives the user better insight inthe sensitivity to the input parameters.
PROBED also simulates one-dimensional wind-generatedwaves and computes the waveheight distribution in shallowwater and wave transformationfrom offshore to nearshore.
PROBED provides the required armour and filter stonediameters for statically and dynamically stable protectionunder given hydraulic conditions. Accordingly, the stability of acertain rock class can be assessed. A library of structure-dependent velocity amplification factors is available. Thestrength of PROBED is the possibility to carry out andcompare sensitivity computations.
Physical modellingDeltares has unique facilities in which scour can beinvestigated: With test sections of more than 100m2 and wave-
current angles of 0º/180º (waves and currents in line andopposing) and 90º (waves perpendicular on current), modeltests can be conducted at large scale and with multiplefoundations at the same time.
Scheldt basin at Deltares. The combination of waves and current is
essential for offshore scour modelling.
Scour protection usually consists of granular material: filterand armour. However, Deltares has also built up knowledgeon alternatives so we can advise our clients on the full rangeof scour protection options: gravel bags, rubber mats, blockmattresses, collars and frond mats.
Investigation of alternative scour protection: rubber mat with chain
Evaluation of field dataCombining knowledge from field research and laboratoryexperiments plays a key role in our research projects.Together with industry we evaluate bathymetric surveys andassess expected scour development and the performance ofthe scour protection.
Data from the Dutch demonstration offshore wind parks haveprovided unique insight into the long-term stability of adynamically stable scour protection and the development ofscour at the edge of the scour protection.
Scour and scour protection
Scour predictionLocal erosion of seabed material leads to significant scourholes, which can jeopardize the foundation stability. Anestimate for the maximum expected scour depth is requiredfor the structural design and to decide whether countermeasures (scour protection) will be required. The time rate ofscouring is of particular interest in the installation phasebecause it determines the time at which a critical scour depthis reached and scour protection needs to be applied.
Deltares has carried out numerous research projects, whichhave resulted in the development of scour prediction formulaefor the equilibrium scour depth and the time rate of scourdevelopment under offshoreconditions. We havedeveloped sophisticatedmodelling techniques withdigital video cameras thatallow insight into processesduring storm conditions.Extensive knowledge and experience is not only available formonopiles but also for gravity base foundations, jackets andjack-ups.
Conceptual scour protection designFor the conceptual scour protection design, Deltares hasdeveloped the engineering software program “PROBED”.PROBED is a user-friendly and flexible program for calculatingbed protections and pipe covers subjected to a combination ofcurrents and (non-breaking) waves. This program is thesuccessor to earlier programs like BPP (Bottom ProtectionProgram) and Pipecover, both developed by Deltares(formerly Delft Hydraulics). PROBED includes the latest andvalidated design formulae and it gives the user better insight inthe sensitivity to the input parameters.
PROBED also simulates one-dimensional wind-generatedwaves and computes the waveheight distribution in shallowwater and wave transformationfrom offshore to nearshore.
PROBED provides the required armour and filter stonediameters for statically and dynamically stable protectionunder given hydraulic conditions. Accordingly, the stability of acertain rock class can be assessed. A library of structure-dependent velocity amplification factors is available. Thestrength of PROBED is the possibility to carry out andcompare sensitivity computations.
Physical modellingDeltares has unique facilities in which scour can beinvestigated: With test sections of more than 100m2 and wave-
current angles of 0º/180º (waves and currents in line andopposing) and 90º (waves perpendicular on current), modeltests can be conducted at large scale and with multiplefoundations at the same time.
Scheldt basin at Deltares. The combination of waves and current is
essential for offshore scour modelling.
Scour protection usually consists of granular material: filterand armour. However, Deltares has also built up knowledgeon alternatives so we can advise our clients on the full rangeof scour protection options: gravel bags, rubber mats, blockmattresses, collars and frond mats.
Investigation of alternative scour protection: rubber mat with chain
Evaluation of field dataCombining knowledge from field research and laboratoryexperiments plays a key role in our research projects.Together with industry we evaluate bathymetric surveys andassess expected scour development and the performance ofthe scour protection.
Data from the Dutch demonstration offshore wind parks haveprovided unique insight into the long-term stability of adynamically stable scour protection and the development ofscour at the edge of the scour protection.
PROBEDalsosimulatesone-dimensional wind-generated waves and computes the wave heightdistributioninshallow water and wave transformation from off-shore to nearshore.
PROBEDprovidestherequiredarmourandfilterstonediametersforstaticallyanddynamicallystableprotec-tion under given hydraulic conditions. Accordingly, the stabilityofacertainrockclasscanbeassessed.Alibraryof structure-dependent velocity amplification factors is available.ThestrengthofPROBEDisthepossibilitytocarry out and compare sensitivity computations.
Physical modelling Deltareshasuniquefacilitiesinwhichscourcanbein-vestigated:Withtestsectionsofmorethan100m2andwave-currentanglesof0º/180º(wavesandcurrentsinlineandopposing)and90º(wavesperpendicularoncurrent),modeltestscanbeconductedatlargescaleand with multiple foundations at the same time.
Scour and scour protection
Scour predictionLocal erosion of seabed material leads to significant scourholes, which can jeopardize the foundation stability. Anestimate for the maximum expected scour depth is requiredfor the structural design and to decide whether countermeasures (scour protection) will be required. The time rate ofscouring is of particular interest in the installation phasebecause it determines the time at which a critical scour depthis reached and scour protection needs to be applied.
Deltares has carried out numerous research projects, whichhave resulted in the development of scour prediction formulaefor the equilibrium scour depth and the time rate of scourdevelopment under offshoreconditions. We havedeveloped sophisticatedmodelling techniques withdigital video cameras thatallow insight into processesduring storm conditions.Extensive knowledge and experience is not only available formonopiles but also for gravity base foundations, jackets andjack-ups.
Conceptual scour protection designFor the conceptual scour protection design, Deltares hasdeveloped the engineering software program “PROBED”.PROBED is a user-friendly and flexible program for calculatingbed protections and pipe covers subjected to a combination ofcurrents and (non-breaking) waves. This program is thesuccessor to earlier programs like BPP (Bottom ProtectionProgram) and Pipecover, both developed by Deltares(formerly Delft Hydraulics). PROBED includes the latest andvalidated design formulae and it gives the user better insight inthe sensitivity to the input parameters.
PROBED also simulates one-dimensional wind-generatedwaves and computes the waveheight distribution in shallowwater and wave transformationfrom offshore to nearshore.
PROBED provides the required armour and filter stonediameters for statically and dynamically stable protectionunder given hydraulic conditions. Accordingly, the stability of acertain rock class can be assessed. A library of structure-dependent velocity amplification factors is available. Thestrength of PROBED is the possibility to carry out andcompare sensitivity computations.
Physical modellingDeltares has unique facilities in which scour can beinvestigated: With test sections of more than 100m2 and wave-
current angles of 0º/180º (waves and currents in line andopposing) and 90º (waves perpendicular on current), modeltests can be conducted at large scale and with multiplefoundations at the same time.
Scheldt basin at Deltares. The combination of waves and current is
essential for offshore scour modelling.
Scour protection usually consists of granular material: filterand armour. However, Deltares has also built up knowledgeon alternatives so we can advise our clients on the full rangeof scour protection options: gravel bags, rubber mats, blockmattresses, collars and frond mats.
Investigation of alternative scour protection: rubber mat with chain
Evaluation of field dataCombining knowledge from field research and laboratoryexperiments plays a key role in our research projects.Together with industry we evaluate bathymetric surveys andassess expected scour development and the performance ofthe scour protection.
Data from the Dutch demonstration offshore wind parks haveprovided unique insight into the long-term stability of adynamically stable scour protection and the development ofscour at the edge of the scour protection.
Scheldt basin at Deltares. The combination of waves and current is es-
sential for offshore scour modelling.
Scour and scour protection
Scour predictionLocal erosion of seabed material leads to significant scourholes, which can jeopardize the foundation stability. Anestimate for the maximum expected scour depth is requiredfor the structural design and to decide whether countermeasures (scour protection) will be required. The time rate ofscouring is of particular interest in the installation phasebecause it determines the time at which a critical scour depthis reached and scour protection needs to be applied.
Deltares has carried out numerous research projects, whichhave resulted in the development of scour prediction formulaefor the equilibrium scour depth and the time rate of scourdevelopment under offshoreconditions. We havedeveloped sophisticatedmodelling techniques withdigital video cameras thatallow insight into processesduring storm conditions.Extensive knowledge and experience is not only available formonopiles but also for gravity base foundations, jackets andjack-ups.
Conceptual scour protection designFor the conceptual scour protection design, Deltares hasdeveloped the engineering software program “PROBED”.PROBED is a user-friendly and flexible program for calculatingbed protections and pipe covers subjected to a combination ofcurrents and (non-breaking) waves. This program is thesuccessor to earlier programs like BPP (Bottom ProtectionProgram) and Pipecover, both developed by Deltares(formerly Delft Hydraulics). PROBED includes the latest andvalidated design formulae and it gives the user better insight inthe sensitivity to the input parameters.
PROBED also simulates one-dimensional wind-generatedwaves and computes the waveheight distribution in shallowwater and wave transformationfrom offshore to nearshore.
PROBED provides the required armour and filter stonediameters for statically and dynamically stable protectionunder given hydraulic conditions. Accordingly, the stability of acertain rock class can be assessed. A library of structure-dependent velocity amplification factors is available. Thestrength of PROBED is the possibility to carry out andcompare sensitivity computations.
Physical modellingDeltares has unique facilities in which scour can beinvestigated: With test sections of more than 100m2 and wave-
current angles of 0º/180º (waves and currents in line andopposing) and 90º (waves perpendicular on current), modeltests can be conducted at large scale and with multiplefoundations at the same time.
Scheldt basin at Deltares. The combination of waves and current is
essential for offshore scour modelling.
Scour protection usually consists of granular material: filterand armour. However, Deltares has also built up knowledgeon alternatives so we can advise our clients on the full rangeof scour protection options: gravel bags, rubber mats, blockmattresses, collars and frond mats.
Investigation of alternative scour protection: rubber mat with chain
Evaluation of field dataCombining knowledge from field research and laboratoryexperiments plays a key role in our research projects.Together with industry we evaluate bathymetric surveys andassess expected scour development and the performance ofthe scour protection.
Data from the Dutch demonstration offshore wind parks haveprovided unique insight into the long-term stability of adynamically stable scour protection and the development ofscour at the edge of the scour protection.
Investigation of alternative scour protection: rubber mat with chain
Deltares - Geo-engineering2
Evaluation of field dataCombiningknowledgefromfieldresearchandlabora-toryexperimentsplaysakeyroleinourresearchproj-ects.Togetherwithindustryweevaluatebathymetricsurveys and assess expected scour development and the performance of the scour protection.
DatafromtheDutchdemonstrationoffshorewindparkshaveprovideduniqueinsightintothelong-termstabil-ityofadynamicallystablescourprotectionandthede-velopment of scour at the edge of the scour protection.
Analysis of scour protection performance from field data, Egmond
windpark
MorphodynamicsShort-termandlong-termmorphologicalchangesareimportantparametersinthedesign,stabilityandenergyyieldofwindturbinesandallowforriskassess-mentsofelectricitycables.Forexample,themigrationofmobilesandwavesmaycauseseabedelevationdif-ferences up to several meters.
Analysis of scour protection performance from field data, Egmond
windpark
Morphodynamics
Short-term and long-term morphological changes areimportant parameters in the design, stability and energy yieldof wind turbines and allow for risk assessments of electricitycables. For example, the migration of mobile sand waves maycause seabed elevation differences up to several meters.
Multibeam echo sounding data of a sand wave field 50 km offshore
Egmond aan Zee, displaying straight sand waves and superimposed
megaripples.
Regional bathymetric maps provide insight into the spatialvariation of seabed dynamics, which depends on localconditions. The quantification of dimensions, migration ratesand the evolution of individual bed forms, such as sandwaves, sand banks, and tidal channels is determined frominsight into governing hydrodynamic and morphologicalprocesses and field measurements, using numerical modellingtechniques, cross correlation and spectral analyses. Deltareshas access to historic databases of the North Sea andinternational waters. Deltares offers this expertise in tailor-made studies combining foundations design (expected fixationlevels and ranges), scour protection stability under theinfluence of migrating sand banks and bed level changesalong the cable route.
Cross correlation result of two bathymetric grids, providing the
migration vector of sand waves near the island Texel.
Cable safety
The safety of electricity cables between wind turbines,transformer station and the shore connection is of majorimportance for the transport of energy. Cables must be buriedto a safe depth and must remain at this safe depth during theentire lifetime of the windpark. But what are safe burialdepths? How deep do ship anchors and falling objectspenetrate into the seabed? Is the equipment able to reach forthe given soil properties? Do long-term changes of the seabedaffect the burial depth and thereby also the safety? Deltaresaddresses all these questions in tailor-made individual studiesor in an integrated approach.
Our expertise and services include: Assessment and testing of performance of trenching
equipment Penetration behaviour of ship anchors and fishing gear on
seabed Fall behaviour and seabed impact of dropped objects
Environmental legislation & planning
European Community and/or European Union countries workunder the EU regulatory demands such as the Bird Directive(79/409/EEC), the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), the EIADirective (85/337/EEC, on the assessment of the effects ofcertain public and private projects on the environment) and theOSPAR Convention (which is the current legal instrumentguiding international cooperation on the protection of themarine environment of the North-East Atlantic). For thisreason, Environmental Baseline Surveys and HabitatAssessments are carried out in advance of any significantmarine development. Most research or consulting operationsrelate to detailed sediment and water quality analysis within adesignated area, looking at physio-chemical and biologicalfactors as stated in the OSPAR guidelines. As an independent
20092009
Analysis of scour protection performance from field data, Egmond
windpark
Morphodynamics
Short-term and long-term morphological changes areimportant parameters in the design, stability and energy yieldof wind turbines and allow for risk assessments of electricitycables. For example, the migration of mobile sand waves maycause seabed elevation differences up to several meters.
Multibeam echo sounding data of a sand wave field 50 km offshore
Egmond aan Zee, displaying straight sand waves and superimposed
megaripples.
Regional bathymetric maps provide insight into the spatialvariation of seabed dynamics, which depends on localconditions. The quantification of dimensions, migration ratesand the evolution of individual bed forms, such as sandwaves, sand banks, and tidal channels is determined frominsight into governing hydrodynamic and morphologicalprocesses and field measurements, using numerical modellingtechniques, cross correlation and spectral analyses. Deltareshas access to historic databases of the North Sea andinternational waters. Deltares offers this expertise in tailor-made studies combining foundations design (expected fixationlevels and ranges), scour protection stability under theinfluence of migrating sand banks and bed level changesalong the cable route.
Cross correlation result of two bathymetric grids, providing the
migration vector of sand waves near the island Texel.
Cable safety
The safety of electricity cables between wind turbines,transformer station and the shore connection is of majorimportance for the transport of energy. Cables must be buriedto a safe depth and must remain at this safe depth during theentire lifetime of the windpark. But what are safe burialdepths? How deep do ship anchors and falling objectspenetrate into the seabed? Is the equipment able to reach forthe given soil properties? Do long-term changes of the seabedaffect the burial depth and thereby also the safety? Deltaresaddresses all these questions in tailor-made individual studiesor in an integrated approach.
Our expertise and services include: Assessment and testing of performance of trenching
equipment Penetration behaviour of ship anchors and fishing gear on
seabed Fall behaviour and seabed impact of dropped objects
Environmental legislation & planning
European Community and/or European Union countries workunder the EU regulatory demands such as the Bird Directive(79/409/EEC), the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), the EIADirective (85/337/EEC, on the assessment of the effects ofcertain public and private projects on the environment) and theOSPAR Convention (which is the current legal instrumentguiding international cooperation on the protection of themarine environment of the North-East Atlantic). For thisreason, Environmental Baseline Surveys and HabitatAssessments are carried out in advance of any significantmarine development. Most research or consulting operationsrelate to detailed sediment and water quality analysis within adesignated area, looking at physio-chemical and biologicalfactors as stated in the OSPAR guidelines. As an independent
20092009
Multibeam echo sounding data of a sand wave field 50 km offshore
Egmond aan Zee, displaying straight sand waves and superimposed
megaripples.
Regionalbathymetricmapsprovideinsightintothespatialvariationofseabeddynamics,whichdependsonlocal conditions. The quantification of dimensions, mi-grationratesandtheevolutionofindividualbedforms,suchassandwaves,sandbanks,andtidalchannelsisdetermined from insight into governing hydrodynamic and morphological processes and field measurements,
using numerical modelling techniques, cross correlation and spectral analyses. Deltares has access to historic databasesoftheNorthSeaandinternationalwaters.Deltares offers this expertise in tailor-made studies combiningfoundationsdesign(expectedfixationlevelsandranges),scourprotectionstabilityundertheinflu-enceofmigratingsandbanksandbedlevelchangesalongthecableroute.
Cross correlation result of two bathymetric grids, providing the migra-
tion vector of sand waves near the island Texel.
Cable safetyThesafetyofelectricitycablesbetweenwindturbines,transformer station and the shore connection is of ma-jorimportanceforthetransportofenergy.Cablesmustbeburiedtoasafedepthandmustremainatthissafedepthduringtheentirelifetimeofthewindpark.Butwhataresafeburialdepths?Howdeepdoshipanchorsandfallingobjectspenetrateintotheseabed?Istheequipmentabletoreachforthegivensoilproperties?Dolong-termchangesoftheseabedaffecttheburialdepthandtherebyalsothesafety?Deltaresaddressesall these questions in tailor-made individual studies or in an integrated approach.
Our expertise and services include:• Assessmentandtestingofperformanceoftrenchingequipment•Penetrationbehaviourofshipanchorsandfishing gearonseabed•Fallbehaviourandseabedimpactofdroppedobjects
Environmental legislation & planningEuropeanCommunityand/orEuropeanUnioncountriesworkundertheEUregulatorydemandssuchastheBirdDirective(79/409/EEC),theHabitatsDirective(92/43/EEC),theEIADirective(85/337/EEC,ontheassessmentoftheeffectsofcertainpublicandprivateprojectsontheenvironment)andtheOSPARConvention(whichisthe current legal instrument guiding international coop-eration on the protection of the marine environment of
Analysis of scour protection performance from field data, Egmond
windpark
Morphodynamics
Short-term and long-term morphological changes areimportant parameters in the design, stability and energy yieldof wind turbines and allow for risk assessments of electricitycables. For example, the migration of mobile sand waves maycause seabed elevation differences up to several meters.
Multibeam echo sounding data of a sand wave field 50 km offshore
Egmond aan Zee, displaying straight sand waves and superimposed
megaripples.
Regional bathymetric maps provide insight into the spatialvariation of seabed dynamics, which depends on localconditions. The quantification of dimensions, migration ratesand the evolution of individual bed forms, such as sandwaves, sand banks, and tidal channels is determined frominsight into governing hydrodynamic and morphologicalprocesses and field measurements, using numerical modellingtechniques, cross correlation and spectral analyses. Deltareshas access to historic databases of the North Sea andinternational waters. Deltares offers this expertise in tailor-made studies combining foundations design (expected fixationlevels and ranges), scour protection stability under theinfluence of migrating sand banks and bed level changesalong the cable route.
Cross correlation result of two bathymetric grids, providing the
migration vector of sand waves near the island Texel.
Cable safety
The safety of electricity cables between wind turbines,transformer station and the shore connection is of majorimportance for the transport of energy. Cables must be buriedto a safe depth and must remain at this safe depth during theentire lifetime of the windpark. But what are safe burialdepths? How deep do ship anchors and falling objectspenetrate into the seabed? Is the equipment able to reach forthe given soil properties? Do long-term changes of the seabedaffect the burial depth and thereby also the safety? Deltaresaddresses all these questions in tailor-made individual studiesor in an integrated approach.
Our expertise and services include: Assessment and testing of performance of trenching
equipment Penetration behaviour of ship anchors and fishing gear on
seabed Fall behaviour and seabed impact of dropped objects
Environmental legislation & planning
European Community and/or European Union countries workunder the EU regulatory demands such as the Bird Directive(79/409/EEC), the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), the EIADirective (85/337/EEC, on the assessment of the effects ofcertain public and private projects on the environment) and theOSPAR Convention (which is the current legal instrumentguiding international cooperation on the protection of themarine environment of the North-East Atlantic). For thisreason, Environmental Baseline Surveys and HabitatAssessments are carried out in advance of any significantmarine development. Most research or consulting operationsrelate to detailed sediment and water quality analysis within adesignated area, looking at physio-chemical and biologicalfactors as stated in the OSPAR guidelines. As an independent
20092009
theNorth-EastAtlantic).Forthisreason,EnvironmentalBaselineSurveysandHabitatAssessmentsarecar-ried out in advance of any significant marine develop-ment.Mostresearchorconsultingoperationsrelatetodetailed sediment and water quality analysis within adesignatedarea,lookingatphysio-chemicalandbiologicalfactorsasstatedintheOSPARguidelines.As an independent institute, Deltares can assist in the interpretation of the legal requirements as they apply to a particular offshore energy installation.
DeltareshasassistedinthedevelopmentoftheEurope-anMarineStrategyFrameworkDirectiveanditsimple-mentation. Our strength lies in practical experience in conductingenvironmentalassessmentscombinedwitha thorough understanding of sector-specific decision-makingprocesses.Deltareshasextensiveexperiencein the field of environmental management, including EIAs,SEAs,andthedevelopmentandimplementationofEnvironmentalManagementPlans(EMPs).
AtDeltaresweseeMarineSpatialPlanningasadynam-ic, multidisciplinary and iterative process to promote sustainabledevelopmentandmanagementofmarineareas.TheMSPprocesscoversthefullcycleofinforma-tioncollection,planning,decision-making,manage-ment and monitoring of implementation. Deltares consultants have extensive experience in man-agingpublicconsultationprocessesandincorporatingenvironmentalassessmentintothebroaderplanninganddecision-makingprocess.
institute, Deltares can assist in the interpretation of the legalrequirements as they apply to a particular offshore energyinstallation.
Deltares has assisted in the development of the EuropeanMarine Strategy Framework Directive and its implementation.Our strength lies in practical experience in conductingenvironmental assessments combined with a thoroughunderstanding of sector-specific decision-making processes.Deltares has extensive experience in the field ofenvironmental management, including EIAs, SEAs, and thedevelopment and implementation of EnvironmentalManagement Plans (EMPs).
At Deltares we see Marine Spatial Planning as a dynamic,multidisciplinary and iterative process to promote sustainabledevelopment and management of marine areas. The MSPprocess covers the full cycle of information collection,planning, decision-making, management and monitoring ofimplementation.Deltares consultants have extensive experience in managingpublic consultation processes and incorporating environmentalassessment into the broader planning and decision-makingprocess.
Risk map for crude oil spill, Dutch continental shelf
Ecological impacts & risks
In many countries, an Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) is a statutory requirement for projects that involvenearshore and offshore construction works. The purpose of
the EIA is to interpret both long-term impacts of proposedworks and possible short-term impacts during the constructionphase in a manner consistent with formal EIA procedures, andrecommend appropriate mitigation measures that can betaken to reduce any adverse impact.
Deltares has ample experience in EIAs associated with large-scale interventions in the aquatic and marine environmentsuch as reclamation schemes, wind farms, siting of powerplants, ports and harbours, pipeline laying and coastaldefence works. Services include: Communicating with regulatory authorities, stakeholders,
and the community; Screening and scoping study; Cause-effect chain analysis; Full Environmental Impact Assessment; Ecological, morphological and hydro-dynamical modelling
studies in support of EIAs; Analysis with Water Quality model Delft3D-WAQ and
phytoplankton model BLOOM; Habitat and biotope mapping, assessing quality and
quantity of available habitat using the Habitat Model(including GIS);
Follow-up analysis of an EIA, such as in an AppropriateAssessment, testing EIA results against the legalframework as described in the Habitat Directive;
Developing and implementing monitoring andenvironmental management plans and systems for theconstruction, operation, and decommissioning stages ofthe project;
Definition of disposal alternatives, development ofmitigating measures; and
Design of monitoring techniques, such as remote sensingsystems.
Tools: Habitat Model (including GIS functionality): documents
the quality and quantity of available habitat for selectedwildlife species, biotopes, ecotopes and user functions(e.g. recreation); A habitat evaluation procedure may beused in planning activities, Environmental ImpactAssessments, habitat assessments (including bothbaseline and future conditions), sensitivity mapping,trade-off analyses and compensation analyses;
Delft3D-WAQ: Water quality model for hydrodynamictransport, erosion, resuspension, sedimentation andchemical release; this model includes descriptions ofdissolved oxygen, adsorption-desorption of contaminants;release of nutrients;
BLOOM: mathematical model simulating the biomass andcomposition of phytoplankton and macro algae in relationto the amount of nutrients, the under water light climateand grazing.
Maritime safety and environmental awareness in connectionwith increasing ship traffic, offshore windpark developmentsand recent ship accidents have triggered the development ofnew assessment tools for marine environmental risks. Risk
Risk map for crude oil spill, Dutch continental shelf
Ecological impacts & risksInmanycountries,anEnvironmentalImpactAssess-ment(EIA)isastatutoryrequirementforprojectsthatinvolvenearshoreandoffshoreconstructionworks.ThepurposeoftheEIAistointerpretbothlong-termimpactsofproposedworksandpossibleshort-termimpacts during the construction phase in a manner consistentwithformalEIAprocedures,andrecommendappropriatemitigationmeasuresthatcanbetakentoreduce any adverse impact.
DeltareshasampleexperienceinEIAsassociatedwithlarge-scale interventions in the aquatic and marine environment such as reclamation schemes, wind farms, sitingofpowerplants,portsandharbours,pipelinelay-ingandcoastaldefenceworks.Servicesinclude:
•Communicatingwithregulatoryauthorities,stake holders, and the community; •Screeningandscopingstudy;•Cause-effectchainanalysis;•FullEnvironmentalImpactAssessment;•Ecological,morphologicalandhydro-dynamicalmod ellingstudiesinsupportofEIAs;•AnalysiswithWaterQualitymodelDelft3D-WAQand phytoplanktonmodelBLOOM;•Habitatandbiotopemapping,assessingqualityand quantityofavailablehabitatusingtheHabitatModel (includingGIS);•Follow-upanalysisofanEIA,suchasinanAppropri ateAssessment,testingEIAresultsagainstthelegal frameworkasdescribedintheHabitatDirective;•Developingandimplementingmonitoringanden vironmental management plans and systems for the construction, operation, and decommissioning stages of the project; •Definitionofdisposalalternatives,developmentof mitigating measures; and•Designofmonitoringtechniques,suchasremote sensing systems.
Tools:•HabitatModel(includingGISfunctionality):docu mentsthequalityandquantityofavailablehabitat forselectedwildlifespecies,biotopes,ecotopesand userfunctions(e.g.recreation);Ahabitatevaluation proceduremaybeusedinplanningactivities,Envi ronmentalImpactAssessments,habitatassessments (includingbothbaselineandfutureconditions),sen sitivity mapping, trade-off analyses and compensa tion analyses; •Delft3D-WAQ:Waterqualitymodelforhydrodynamic transport, erosion, resuspension, sedimentation and chemical release; this model includes descriptions of dissolved oxygen, adsorption-desorption of contami nants; release of nutrients;•BLOOM:mathematicalmodelsimulatingthebiomass andcompositionofphytoplanktonandmacroalgae in relation to the amount of nutrients, the under wa ter light climate and grazing.
Maritimesafetyandenvironmentalawarenessincon-nectionwithincreasingshiptraffic,offshorewindparkdevelopments and recent ship accidents have triggered the development of new assessment tools for marine environmentalrisks.Riskassessmentsarecrucialinvarious stages of project development: site selection, permitting and societal acceptance, safety concept for operation and evaluation during operation.
Oil spill probability map, Dutch Continental Shelf
Adetailednumericalmodel(SAMSON)hasbeendevel-oped to compute traffic statistics, frequency of colli-sion, type, volume and geographical position of spills.
Thecombinationofthesethreekeyfactors(probability,exposure,vulnerability)intooneintegratedapproachprovides a unique tool for the assessment of marine environmentalrisks.
assessments are crucial in various stages of projectdevelopment: site selection, permitting and societalacceptance, safety concept for operation and evaluationduring operation.
Oil spill probability map, Dutch Continental Shelf
In cooperation with the research institutes MARIN andALTERRA, Deltares offers such an integrated marineenvironmental risk assessments. The system comprises thekey components: probability of events, exposure andvulnerability.
A detailed numerical model (SAMSON) has been developedto compute traffic statistics, frequency of collision, type,volume and geographical position of spills.
The transport and fate of an oil patch by currents and waves ismodelled by using the inhouse developed program Delft-3D.This results in time-dependent probability maps for thepresence of oil, which is combined with an ecologicalvulnerability map. The vulnerability map takes into account thesensitivity of areas to certain substances and expectedrecovery.
The combination of these three key factors (probability,exposure, vulnerability) into one integrated approach providesa unique tool for the assessment of marine environmentalrisks.
S h i p p i n gd a t a b a se
H y d r o d y n a m icd a ta b a se
N a t u r a l r e s o u r c e sd a t a b a se
S p i llr i s k
S t o c h a s t ic a llyd r iv e n sp i ll e ff e c t
m o d e llin g
O il/ c h e m i c a lp r e s e n c e
p r o b a b il it y
V - m a p s(v u ln e r a b ili t y )
E f fe c t s
R e c o v e r y
I m p o r t a n c e
M a r in ee n v ir o n m e n t a l
r i sk
D e s i g n a t io n o fM E R H A ’s
s t o c h a st i cw i n d
Diagram of approach used for the Dutch Continental Shelf
Hydrodynamic & morphologicalimpacts
As part of the environmental impact assessments, nearshorewindparks need to investigate whether the piles andfoundations affect hydrodynamic conditions and the seabedmorphology in the vicinity of the windpark area. Deltaresprovides desk studies and numerical modelling studies toassess various effects such as structure-induced turbulences,turbulence damping, wave energy damping and re-distributionof bed material eroded in local scour holes. These impactassessments gain increasing attention in connection with theupscaling of projects and the installation of larger foundations(gravity based foundations) and in connection with possiblechanges in the flow fields and associated changes in e.g.coastal morphology and water quality.
Hydrodynamic impact modelling for Hong Kong windpark
Formatted: Left
Diagram of approach used for the Dutch Continental Shelf
Hydrodynamic & morphological impactsAs part of the environmental impact assessments, nearshorewindparksneedtoinvestigatewhetherthepiles and foundations affect hydrodynamic conditions andtheseabedmorphologyinthevicinityofthewind-parkarea.Deltaresprovidesdeskstudiesandnumeri-cal modelling studies to assess various effects such as structure-inducedturbulences,turbulencedamping,waveenergydampingandre-distributionofbedmate-rial eroded in local scour holes. These impact assess-ments gain increasing attention in connection with the upscaling of projects and the installation of larger foun-dations(gravitybasedfoundations)andinconnectionwithpossiblechangesintheflowfieldsandassociatedchanges in e.g. coastal morphology and water quality.
assessments are crucial in various stages of projectdevelopment: site selection, permitting and societalacceptance, safety concept for operation and evaluationduring operation.
Oil spill probability map, Dutch Continental Shelf
In cooperation with the research institutes MARIN andALTERRA, Deltares offers such an integrated marineenvironmental risk assessments. The system comprises thekey components: probability of events, exposure andvulnerability.
A detailed numerical model (SAMSON) has been developedto compute traffic statistics, frequency of collision, type,volume and geographical position of spills.
The transport and fate of an oil patch by currents and waves ismodelled by using the inhouse developed program Delft-3D.This results in time-dependent probability maps for thepresence of oil, which is combined with an ecologicalvulnerability map. The vulnerability map takes into account thesensitivity of areas to certain substances and expectedrecovery.
The combination of these three key factors (probability,exposure, vulnerability) into one integrated approach providesa unique tool for the assessment of marine environmentalrisks.
S h i p p i n gd a t a b a se
H y d r o d y n a m icd a ta b a se
N a t u r a l r e s o u r c e sd a t a b a se
S p i llr i s k
S t o c h a s t ic a llyd r iv e n sp i ll e ff e c t
m o d e llin g
O il/ c h e m i c a lp r e s e n c e
p r o b a b il it y
V - m a p s(v u ln e r a b ili t y )
E f fe c t s
R e c o v e r y
I m p o r t a n c e
M a r in ee n v ir o n m e n t a l
r i sk
D e s i g n a t io n o fM E R H A ’s
s t o c h a st i cw i n d
Diagram of approach used for the Dutch Continental Shelf
Hydrodynamic & morphologicalimpacts
As part of the environmental impact assessments, nearshorewindparks need to investigate whether the piles andfoundations affect hydrodynamic conditions and the seabedmorphology in the vicinity of the windpark area. Deltaresprovides desk studies and numerical modelling studies toassess various effects such as structure-induced turbulences,turbulence damping, wave energy damping and re-distributionof bed material eroded in local scour holes. These impactassessments gain increasing attention in connection with theupscaling of projects and the installation of larger foundations(gravity based foundations) and in connection with possiblechanges in the flow fields and associated changes in e.g.coastal morphology and water quality.
Hydrodynamic impact modelling for Hong Kong windpark
Formatted: Left
assessments are crucial in various stages of projectdevelopment: site selection, permitting and societalacceptance, safety concept for operation and evaluationduring operation.
Oil spill probability map, Dutch Continental Shelf
In cooperation with the research institutes MARIN andALTERRA, Deltares offers such an integrated marineenvironmental risk assessments. The system comprises thekey components: probability of events, exposure andvulnerability.
A detailed numerical model (SAMSON) has been developedto compute traffic statistics, frequency of collision, type,volume and geographical position of spills.
The transport and fate of an oil patch by currents and waves ismodelled by using the inhouse developed program Delft-3D.This results in time-dependent probability maps for thepresence of oil, which is combined with an ecologicalvulnerability map. The vulnerability map takes into account thesensitivity of areas to certain substances and expectedrecovery.
The combination of these three key factors (probability,exposure, vulnerability) into one integrated approach providesa unique tool for the assessment of marine environmentalrisks.
S h i p p i n gd a t a b a se
H y d r o d y n a m icd a ta b a se
N a t u r a l r e s o u r c e sd a t a b a se
S p i llr i s k
S t o c h a s t ic a llyd r iv e n sp i ll e ff e c t
m o d e llin g
O il/ c h e m i c a lp r e s e n c e
p r o b a b il it y
V - m a p s(v u ln e r a b ili t y )
E f fe c t s
R e c o v e r y
I m p o r t a n c e
M a r in ee n v ir o n m e n t a l
r i sk
D e s i g n a t io n o fM E R H A ’s
s t o c h a st i cw i n d
Diagram of approach used for the Dutch Continental Shelf
Hydrodynamic & morphologicalimpacts
As part of the environmental impact assessments, nearshorewindparks need to investigate whether the piles andfoundations affect hydrodynamic conditions and the seabedmorphology in the vicinity of the windpark area. Deltaresprovides desk studies and numerical modelling studies toassess various effects such as structure-induced turbulences,turbulence damping, wave energy damping and re-distributionof bed material eroded in local scour holes. These impactassessments gain increasing attention in connection with theupscaling of projects and the installation of larger foundations(gravity based foundations) and in connection with possiblechanges in the flow fields and associated changes in e.g.coastal morphology and water quality.
Hydrodynamic impact modelling for Hong Kong windpark
Formatted: Left
Hydrodynamic impact modelling for Hong Kong windpark
About DeltaresDeltares is a Dutch independent research institute for water,soilandsubsurfaceissues.Weworkoninnova-tivesolutionsthatmakelifeindeltas,coastalareasandriverbasinssafe,cleanandsustainable.Weconductresearch and provide specialist advisory services for government authorities and the corporate sector in the Netherlandsandglobally.Theessenceofourworkisthedevelopment,applicationandsharingofknowledge.Wedevelopknowledgeinpartnershipswithuniversities,otherknowledgeinstitutionsandthebusinesssector,notonlyingovernmentresearchprogramsbutalsoincontractresearch.Deltareshasmorethan800employ-ees,andwearebasedinDelftandUtrecht.
Delta technologyEconomicactivity,risingpopulations,fallinglandlevels and the impact of climate change are generating increasingpressureonhabitablespaceindeltas,riverbasinsandcoastalareasthroughouttheworld.Deltareshastheknowledgeandtheresourcesneededtotacklewaterandsubsurfaceissuesinanew,integratedway.
Whenwater,soilandthesubsurfacearecriticalfactors,thedebatewillbeaboutmorethanjusttechnologi-calissues.Forexample,wetakespatialplanningintoaccount, together with the range of policy agendas and interests,andlegalandeconomicprocesses.Naturealsoplaysanimportantrole.Soissuesmustbeap-proached from various angles. Deltares applies the relevantknowledgeinintegratedways.Sophisticatedcombinationsofmeasuresresultinmoresustainable,liveable,andoftenmoreeconomicsolutions.Wecallthis integrated approach 'delta technology'.
Ourgoalisthesustainableshapingofthelivingenvi-ronment, using high-grade technological solutions that have the support of society in general.
Knowledge and innovationThe mission of Deltares is to develop, acquire, apply anddisseminateintegral,multidisciplinaryknowledgeandknowledgeproductsrelatedtolivingandworkingin delta (coastal, estuarine, and riverine) areas, on an internationallyleadinglevel.Withthis,Deltaressup-portspublicauthorities,privatepartiesandsocietyintheiroperationsandambitions,relatedtosustainabledevelopmentofdeltaareas:EnablingDeltaLife.
Deltareswilldeveloptherolesintoabalancedmix,enablingaresponseoptimallyattunedtodifferentre-quirementsofdifferentstakeholdersatdifferenttimes.Therolesincombinationprovideessentialaddedvaluetoourstakeholders,andarethepillarsindefiningstra-tegic targets and operational plans. The roles mutually reinforce each other, and together they cover all stages of the innovation cycle: from developing and acquiring newscientificknowledgetovalorisationandvalidationofnewknowledgeandmodelsinrealworldprojects.
Core expertise DeltaresDeltares offers its expertise on a wide range of water, soilandsubsurfacerelatedissues:
Keywords: offshore wind energy, metocean conditions, foundation design, EIA
Offshore wind farms have recently become an appealing form of sustainable energy, encouragedby governments worldwide and related to global climate change. Pilot wind farms across NorthernEurope have proven to be successful and provided expert knowledge on the design andinstallation of turbines and wind farm monitoring. Future generation wind farms face newchallenges, such as deep-water foundations, installation in severe environments, and mitigatinglarge-scale and long-term impacts on the environment.
Deltares’ hydraulic, geotechnical and ecological expertise in marine environments supportsoffshore engineers in the development, safe operation and monitoring of offshore wind farms. Ourspecialised consultancy and integrated studies focus on:
o Operational and extreme metocean design conditionso Modelling of wave forces and wave run-upo Scour prediction, scour protection and morphological changeso Geotechnical studies for foundation designo Cable trenching, burial and risk assessmento Spatial planning and environmental legislation ando Environmental impact assessmentso Geophysical surveys and interpretation of the sub-surface
