DEMO Systems Engineering
Mark Shannon and the PPPT Team Power Plant Physics and Technology
Mark Shannon & PPPT Team | DEMO Workshop |Hefei| 18/05/2015| Page 2
Topics Discussed
• Overall Systems Engineering Strategy• Principle Missions, High Level Requirements• Stakeholder Engagement• High Level Requirements Analysis• Identifying Trade – Off Opportunities• Technical Decision Making• Model Based Systems Engineering• Conclusions
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Overall Systems Engineering Strategy
• DEMO is an evolving design that should be allowed to do so, but in controlled conditions
• There are and will continue to be many unknowns• Any Systems Engineering solution must be future proof• High visibility of a current baseline is extremely important• The design needs to be highly optimised to meet difficult and
conflicting goals• We must be able to track progress
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Overall Systems Engineering Strategy II
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Overall Systems Engineering Strategy III
WhoStakeholder Requirements(Top Level Requirements)
DEMO SWG
PRD
Operational Concept Document(Users, Uses & Context)
Plant Requirements Document
Plant Design Description
SRD1 SRD2 SRDnSystem Req’ments Doc’s
Physical structure•Plant Breakdown Structure•Configuration Management ModelFunctional architecture •Functional Breakdown Structure •Functional Flow Block DiagramsBehaviour •States & Modes Diagrams•Process Flow Diagram), etc Parametric Relationships•System codes, etc..
PMU with input from PLs
PMU with input from PLs
Project Leaders & Teams
DEMO SWG & PMU
SHRD
OCD
DDD1DesignDesc’Doc’s
DDD2 DDDn Project Leaders & Teams
Requirements
Design
Requirements
Design Options
Requirements
Design
PDDPDDPDDPBS
CMM
FBS
SYS
FFBD
PFD
STM
SRD1Option 2
DDD1Option 2
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High Level Requirements & Principle MissionsHigh Level Requirements HLR AbbreviationThe Machine can be fully Licensed to meet all DEMO missions Licensed M/CThe Plant operates under a closed fuel cycle for Tritium Trit Self SufficientThe plant is available for ≥ 30% initially, rising with operational experience Availability
The internal surfaces of the tokomak can withstand incident heat flux under all Loads Power handling
The cost of the plant is acceptable Plant CostThe overall plant operational cost is acceptable Ops CostThe technical risk the design of the plant presents is acceptable Tech RiskThe plant design minimises process waste (discharges to air and water) Min Proc Waste
The plant design minimises spent component waste Min Comp Waste
The waste produced by the plant is of low activity / benign Low Activity Waste
All Plant / Human interactions seek to minimise human exposure to radiation to ALARP levels Dose ALARP
The design life of the plant is of a duration ≥ 30 Calendar Years and around 10 full power years Plant Life
The tokamak complex is representative of that of a commercial station Comm. Represent.
The plant is maintainable at minimised operational cost Min Maint CostThe plant is able to modulate electricity power output to agreed scenarios Modulate Output
The plant design includes sufficient energy storage or buffer capacity to assure predictable and preferably continuous power output
Energy Storage
The plant can produce predictable power output above 300MW Power OutputNet Power Output / Fusion power > 0.25 Recirc. PowerPlasma Facing Components Test Bed Support PFC Test BedThe Plant can be decommissioned for an acceptable cost and duration Decomm.
ITER Technology shall be used where possible ITER Tech.
StakeholderReview
Principle Missions for DEMO
• Safety and environmentalsustainability of a DEMOFusion Power Plant(FPP)
• Plant performance of aDEMO FPP
• Assessment of economicviability of a FPP
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Stakeholder Meetings Garching Meeting Participants
PPPT Expert GroupMull Thomas AREVA DE/ ManagementHesch Klaus KIT/ ManagementChiocchio Stefano IO/ Design IntegrationBarabaschi Pietro F4E/ Design IntegrationWaldon Chris CCFE/ Design IntegrationSonato Piergiorgio RFX/ Technology R&DMorris William CCFE/ Physics IntegrationZohm Hartmut IPP/Physics IntegrationSaoutic Bernard CEA/ Physics Integration
External MembersMassaut Vincent SCK.CEN / WasteMünch Wolfram EnBW/ UtilitiesSforna Marino TERNA / gridsDominguez Maria Teresa
Empres. Agrupados/ Infrastructures
Tuomisto Harri FORTUM/ Nuclear Safety/Operation
Stieglitz Robert KIT / Safety, Nuclear technologies
Ibbott Chris EU CommissionZollino Giuseppe Sogin/ Nuclear WasteElbez‐Uzan Joelle ITER IOPerrault Didier IRSN/ F
• Meetings held with GENIV Fission projects togain insight into Stakeholder Processes andProject Execution strategies
• Stakeholder Meeting held in Garching, 18/03/15outcomes were:‐
• Safety Mission• Focus on Accident Scenarios as aPriority
• Also consider ALARA principles,minimising releases and waste
• Performance Mission• Primary importance: Tritium Self sufficiencywith a TBR that can compensate for losses /maintenance
• Output 300‐500MW• Economic Viability Mission
• Produce Cost Estimate• Resolve CAPEX, OPEX andDecommissioning Costs
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High Level Requirement Analysis
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Identifying Trade‐Off Opportunities
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Decision Tree
• Each of the 11 established projects for DEMO has 10‐12 highest priority decisions defined
• The process of understanding the sequence in which decisions have to be made is underway (series / parallel)
• Required technical information to make decisions is also being considered
• Result is 11 parallel lanes with many interlinks• Will be used to structure the integrated planDIVDIV‐1: Water‐cooled target concept down‐selection – selection of most promising concepts Preceding Decisions Preceding Results
PMI‐05: FW Heat LoadsPMI‐12: Machine Geometry for DEMO1MAT‐02: DataBase: Structural Materials
Practical trials of target conceptsMaterials joining trials
DIV‐2: Water‐cooled target concept selection – selection of one or two candidate conceptsPreceding Decisions Preceding Results
DIV‐3:Preliminary choice of water‐cooled target coolant temperature selection (based on available irradiation and corrosion data)Preceding Decisions Preceding Results
DIV‐01: Concept Down SelectionMAT‐04: Design Rules
Erosion Performance DataFE Analysis of Fatigue performance of
shortlisted concepts
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Inputs / Outputs for Decision Making
Technical Decision
Decision InputsKey Technical Performance Data Associated Function / RequirementsAssessment Criteria: must / wantDescription of OptionsList of affected interfaces / impactResults of Studies / Assessment
Fragmentof Logic Tree
Decision OutputsDetailed Recoding of Rationale / scores / arguments Impact assessment / update on associated interfacesSelected solution to be incorporated / updated within config.Closure of any consequential DCRs
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Model Based Systems Engineering
Considering the Issues raised in slide 3 MBSE can facilitate :‐• An evolving design that can be afforded growing room whilst maintaining
consistency, through a system that can visualise the consequence of any small evolution quantitatively, quickly and conveniently
• Unknowns that can be handled through assumptions which on resolving a better value can be propagated through the model with the source rationale recorded for the value origin
• Future proofing by providing good visibility of all data attributes and strong justifications presented for each decision and cardinal parameter origin
• Optimisation, by steering the evolution of the design to focus on areas of weakness and opportunity by sanctioning design investigations and trade‐off studies
• Tracking progress through powerful search tools and in‐built processes that can be interrogated on a number of levels: No. of outstanding interface agreements, design review actions completed e.t.c
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Model Based Systems Engineering II
GUI
Application Protocol Interface
Application Protocol Interface
Application Protocol Interface
Application Protocol Interface
Application Protocol Interface
CATIA / Smarteam
Plant CAD e.g.PFDs / EDDs DOORS DMS /
IDMSysMLEditor
Requirements
PBS / FBS / GBS
Mechanical Config. Data
Interfaces
Decision Justification
Block Diagrams
States & Modes
Cardinal Parameters
Verification
Design Decision
Consistency Checking
User RoleManagement
Design Review
Versioning & Baselining
Design OptionManagement
Reporting Engine
Design ManagementProcesses
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Conclusions
• Our Systems Engineering Management Strategy is evolving as we understand the task ahead, but will be formalised this year
• We have to decide how long variants persist in this phase of the work to 2020
• The Stakeholder Meeting has given us a clear direction with some final negotiation on some of the details
• The requirements analysis has yielded areas for further trade‐off analysis, being executed this year
• The decision tree is essential to planning the work so that we get to the end with all the main decisions made
• We see a model based approach to systems engineering as most appropriate for a project such as DEMO