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DEMOCRITOS
DEveloping the MObility CRedits Integrated platform enabling travellers TO improve urban transport Sustainability
Grant agreement no. 233744
The DEMOCRITOS Project
Claudia Podestà Municipality of Genova, Coordinator
DEMOCRITOS Final Conference• Genova• 23.09.2011
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 2
Democritos background• European cities are facing a continuous increase
of passenger mobility and freight transport• The DEMOCRITOS project brings to the forefront
the “Mobility Credits Model” as a flexible instument to manage the urban mobility demand towards a sustainable level
• Reduction of greenhouse gases emissions, congestion and air pollutants emission are the objectives which can, amongst others, be afforded through the “Mobility Credits Model”
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 3
Democritos project• DEMOCRITOS project is funded by the European
Commission under the 7th FP RTD and concerns the introduction of decentralised emission permits (“mobility credits”) within the transport sector;
• the “Mobility Credits Model” (MCM) allows to create a context where the travellers can experience the effects of changing attitudes and choices in mobility;
• the “Mobility Credits Platform” (MCP) is the technical implementation of the model requiring the use of current and future ICT.
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 4
The Consortium is made by nine partners from four different countries; four cities are represented.
SC IPA SA – R&D, Engineering and Manufactoring for Automation Equipments and Systems
Lisboa E-Nova – Agência Municipal de Energia e Ambiente de Lisboa
TIS.PT – Consultores em Transportes, Inovação e Sistemas
Verband Region Stuttgart
City of StuttgartSSP Consult Beratende Ingenieure
Quaeryon
TRT Trasporti e Territorio
Comune di Genova
Democritos consortium
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 5
WP 6 - GenovaWP 7 - Stuttgart
WP 8 - Lisboa
WP
1 - P
roje
ct M
anag
emen
t
WP 10 – Comparison of results
Task 6.1
Mobility of persons
WP 5 – Local Development
Task 6.2
Distribution of goods
Task 6.3
Technology
Benchmark
Task 6.4 Legal,
political, social ass.nt
Task 5.1 – Coordination of assessment of sites implementation
WP
11 –
Dis
sem
inati
on a
nd e
xplo
itatio
n
WP 2 - MCP Theoretical
Development
WP 4 – MCP long term effects on local
systems & climate
WP 9 - Craiova
WP 3 - MCP System &
Technology Design
Task 6.5 Definition of a real scale demonstrat
or
Democritos work methodology
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 6
WP 11 – Dissemination and Exploitation
WP 5
WP 6
WP 7
WP 8
WP 10
2 21 24
WP 9
months
WP 2
WP 4
12
WP 1 – Project Management
WP 3
13
Democritos work timing
DEMOCRITOS
THANK YOU
Claudia PodestàMunicipality of Genoa
www.democritos.ipacv.rowww.mobilitycredits.com
DEMOCRITOS Final Conference• Genova• 23.09.2011
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 8
The Mobility Credits Platform is enabled by ICT and is supported by four pillars, with a foundation on the behaviours and choices of travellers:
1. Set the target: define a sustainable load of GreenHouse Gases (or in general of externalities) in the target area;
2. Distribute credit budgets: convert this load into a “total amount of credits” which is distributed to all the travellers of the area;
3. Define a set of rules to use the credits: the rules will imply a consumption of credits based on actual behaviour of travellers;
4. Exchange: allow travellers with a negative balance of credits to buy extra-credits from other travellers which are credit-positive.
Democritos concept
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 9
Context: behaviours and choices
Enabler : ICT
Mobility Credits Platform
Sust
aina
ble
GH
G Lo
ad
Assi
gnm
ent o
f cre
dits
Cons
umpti
on ru
les
Exch
ange
of c
redi
ts
Democritos concept
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 10
MCM pillars /1• The Green House Gases Load on an urban area is derived from the
cumulative trips of all travellers. The average GHG load is at the basis of the individual mobility budget.
N t
j
i
dttGHGtsL1 0
)()(
1 2 j…….. …….. M
2
1
i
N
1 2 j…….. …….. M
M
jtot LL1
LjLj
Lav
Lj = individual GHG load [kg]
N= individual number of trips
M = number of subjects
s(t) = space travelled as a function of time [km]
GHG(t) = instantaneous production of GHG [kg/km]
Ltot= GHG load [kg]
GHG load
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 11
MCM pillars /2• An even distribution of credits translates the conpect that anybody
has the same right to produce GHG and other externalities, all the other conditions being equal.
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 12
• The rules of credit consumption are based on several parameters. The MCP enables to account for other externalities as well
CD
E
F
A
B
A BCar: Length 440 cm
Width 174 cmGasoline Engine, Euro 3
Time: 8:00 amTrip length: 10 km
Credit consumption: 10Underground: Available
C DCar: Length 420 cm
Width 170 cmDiesel Engine, Euro 4
Time: 4:00 pmTrip length: 7 km
Credit consumption: 4Underground: Available
E FCar: Length 350 cm
Width 164 cmGasoline Engine, Euro 4
Time: 10:00 amTrip length: 15 km
Credit consumption: 2Underground: Not Available
Rules of credit comsumption
MCM pillars /3
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 13
• Credits not used by travellers having more credits than needed may be exchanged with travellers who have less credits than needed.
MCM pillars /4
€
CreditsCredits
CitizenzsCitizenzs CitizensCitizens buyingbuyingcreditscredits
CitizensCitizens sellingsellingcreditscredits
InitialInitial distributiondistributionof of creditscredits
Final Final distributiondistributionof of creditscredits
PossiblePossible feefee totosupportsupport
infrastructureinfrastructurecostscosts
Even distribution of credits and exchange mechanism
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 14
SENSOR NETWORK to measure the instantaneous load of GHG (and other externalities) in the metropolitan area
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM enabling the local public Mobility Manager to monitor and control in real time the urban mobility, dynamically adjusting, if needed, the credit consumption rules.
Cheap and easy-to-use system to DIFFUSE INFORMATION to the drivers and citizens about load of externalities and rules of consumptions, using different devices.
MOBILITY CREDIT
REPOSITORY
Accurate, reliable and ELECTRONIC GHG WALLET to implement sophisticated schemes of rules for the consumption of credits. Two possible implementation of the wallet will be considered: an On-Board-GHG-Meter (e.g. an On Board Unit on a vehicle) and a Personal GHG Meter (e.g. a software application running on a smart mobile phone GPS enabled).
MCP architecture: general overview
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 15
MCP architecture: DSSD EM OCR I T OSGrant agreement no.: 233744
WP3 - MCP architecture
Mobility Credit Control
Mobility Credit Set UP
Decision Support System
Definition of the Rules of Consumption
Definition of the Pricing Policy
Calculation of the Individual Free Mobility Budget
Calculation of the Total Credit Amount
Calculation of the Economic Impact of Externalities
Calculation of Sustainable Mobility Load
Calculation of Sustainable Externality Load
Calculation of Externality Load
Definition of the Subjects of the Mobility
Definition of the Type of Mobility
Definition of the Mobility Area
Control
External LinksMap server
Vehicles composition database
Traffic Simulator
Database from insurances, hospitals, local statistics, etc
Subjects database
MOBILITY CREDIT
REPOSITORY
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 16
MCP architecture: sensors networkD EM OCR I T OSGrant agreement no.: 233744
WP3 - MCP architecture
Sensors Network
Parking mgmt
TVCC
Public transportations
Traffic Signals mgmt
LTZ Access control
Accidents mgmt
Speed sensors
Floating car data
MOBILITY CREDIT
REPOSITORY
Traffic Supervisor
GHG sensorsParticulate
sensorsNOx, SOx, etc
sensors
MOBILITY LOAD
SENSORS
INT
ER
FA
CE
wit
h T
RA
FF
IC
SY
ST
EM
S
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 17
MCP architecture: GHG walletD EM OCR I T OSGrant agreement no.: 233744
WP3 - MCP architecture
Mobility Credit Administration
Mobility Credits Management
Statistics
MOBILITY CREDIT
REPOSITORY
Electronic GHG Wallet
Tracking of Mobility Behaviour
Calculation of Credit Consumption
Bank of Credits
External Links
Map server
Traffic Simulator
Mobile Operators
Subjects database
Simulations
Electronic Payment Systems
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 18
MCP architecture: information diffusion
D EM OCR I T OSGrant agreement no.: 233744
WP3 - MCP architecture
Information diffusion
VEHICLES
Transport operators
Private cars
Smart Phones OBUs
MOBILE OPERATORSCONTROL CENTERS
Drivers
Call Center
Web / Mail
Phone / SMS
MOBILITY CREDIT
REPOSITORY
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 19
• the common repository is needed to store information gathered from other sub-systems and processed by the MCP;
• this repository will act also as an interface between all MCP sub-systems.
• Data stored in the repository needs to be:– Filtered by each MCP module that generates them for consistency
purposes– Reliable– Geo-referenced (applicable to traffic information)– Stored to permit later retrieval (indexing)– Ready to be statically analyzed– Easy to be displayed
MCP architecture: mobility credits repository
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 20
Information technologies:• Database, Spreadsheets• Data processing• Image processing, radar sensors, infrared sensors• Web, call centers
ITS:• Vehicles identification (OBUs, APNR)• Vehicles positioning (GNSS, OBUs, …)
Telecommunications:• GSM/ GPRS/ UMTS• Short range communications• WiFi
MCP technologies: overview
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 21
Most of the technologies are at the state of the art:• Automatic Plate Number Recognition systems• Dedicated short range communications
(transponders)• Global Navigation Satellite Systems• Payment systems
For vehicles positioning and, in general, location technologies the future developments offer new opportunities: the relevant “roadmaps” are considered in the next slides.
MCP technologies: state of the art
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 22
Devices using location:• in-vehicles location service (OBU)• Personal navigation devices• Mobile phones (enhanced phones, smartphones)• Fleet mangement• Consumer electronics
Applications using location:• Navigation apps• Location based applications• Ecall, E112• PAYD
MCP technologies: roadmaps
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 23
Requirements:• GPS receiver• Processor with possibility to update the software via
GSM/GPRS• short range RF input/output unit (i.e. Bluetooth, WiFi,) for
management purposes• DSRC passive or active transponder, for possible
interoperability with other charging systems (i.e. parkings, highways)
• GSM/GPRS unit + SIM Card• graphic display• simplified keyboard• power supply from car battery
MCP technologies: OBU
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 24
Positioning technologies (communication networks based):
• Cell-ID, Enhanced Cell-ID• WiFi• IP location• sw applications
MCP technologies: roadmaps
D EMOCR I T OSGrant agreement no.: 233744
WP3 - MCP architecture
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Cell - ID
Technologies Roadmap – Communications network based
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Enhanced Cell - ID
WiFi
IP location
Software Applications
DEMOCRITOS
DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 25
Positioning technologies (satellite based):• GPS, GPS Enhanced, GPS III• Galileo, Glonass• EGNOS
MCP technologies: roadmaps
D EM OCR I T OSGrant agreement no.: 233744
WP3 - MCP architecture
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
GPS
Technologies Roadmap – Satellite based
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
GPS - Enhanced
GPS III
Galileo
Glonass
Glonass - K
EGNOS
A - GPS
DEMOCRITOS
Workshop“Beyond the road pricing policies: concept, acceptability and available technologies”
Milan, Politecnico di MilanoJune 23rd, 2011
Contacts: [email protected]
“Mobilitiamoci: innovazioni per la mobilità”• Treviso• 18.05.2011