Population & The Global Villagefreelance musician/music & society

Chris Bakerwww.musicstudentinfo.com

Demographics1. Studying Population

2. Population Pyramids

3. Global Village

Studying Population

Population Geography– The study of variations in the distribution, composition,

migration, and growth of populations over time.Demography

– The study of human population dynamics. It looks at how populations change over time due to births, deaths, migration and ageing.

Demographics– A term for population characteristics. Demographics include

birth rate, death rate, immigration, age, income, sex, education, occupation, religion, nationality, …

Studying Population

Population change over time will inevitably affect….

• Political Systems• Economics• Social Structures• Environments

Studying Population

Source: United Nations Populations Division, World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision, medium variant.

Developing countries

Billions

Developed countries

Studying Population

Factors that may lead to population increase include:

– Food– Health– Economic Growth– Migration

Studying Population

Growth Rate– the number of persons added to (or subtracted from) a

population due to natural increase and net migration. • Birth rate: number of live births per 1,000 population per

year.• Death rate: number of deaths per 1,000 population per year.

Rate of Natural Increase – birth rate – death rate = rate of natural increase

Studying Population

Factors that contribute to the decline in death rate include:Better NutritionBetter Access to Medical CareImproved SanitationBetter Immunization

Net Migration = immigrants – emigrants

Studying Population

Effects of Population Increase– Increased poverty – Resource depletion – Medicine shortages– Urban sprawl

Studying Population

A specific pattern of population growth has occurred in many developed nations during the past 60 years.

1945 1965 1985 2005 2025

Birt

hs Baby Boom

Generation X

Baby Echo

Generation Y

Studying Population

• Factors that may lead to population decline– Heavy Emigration– Disease– Famine– War– Sub-replacement Fertility = a fertility rate that is not high enough

to replace an area’s population. Sub-replacement fertility rate is 2.1 children per woman or higher.

Studying Population

Population Decline in the past– The Black Death– Old World Diseases– Potato Famine

Population Decline today– Sub-replacement Fertility Levels– Migration (to be discussed in the next lesson)

Studying Population

Why low sub-replacement fertility rate?UrbanizationContraceptionGovernment Policies

Exception: United States where natural increase rates have remained stable…And within the US, incredible regional variations

Studying Population

Average Number of Children per Woman

Source: PRB, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.

Studying Population

Effects of Population Decline:

Deflation Rise in the standard of livingPopulation aging Small impact on the environmentPolitical power?

Europe is the only world region projected to decline in population by 2050.

Millions

Studying Population

Global Village

If the world were a village of 1000 people, it would include:– 584 Asians– 124 Africans– 95 Eastern and Western Europeans– 84 Latin Americans– 55 former Soviets – 52 North Americans– 6 Australians and New Zealanders

Global Village

The people of the village would speak:– 165 Mandarin– 86 English– 83 Hindu/Urdi– 64 Spanish– 58 Russian– 37 Arabic– and the remaining villagers would speak a variety of 200

other languages

Global Village

• The religion practiced by the villagers would be:– 329 Christians (among them 187 Catholics, 84 Protestants, and

31 Orthodox)– 178 Muslims– 167 "Non religious"– 60 Buddhists– 45 Atheists– 32 Hindus– 3 Jews– and 86 of other religions

Global Village

Financially speaking in this 1000 person community

– 200 people receive 75 percent of the income– Another 200 receive only 2 percent of the income.– Only 70 people of the 1000 own an automobile (although some

of the 70 own more than one car).– About one-third have access to clean, safe drinking water.

Global Village

• Looking at the social structure of the village, there are:– 5 soldiers– 7 teachers– 1 doctor– 3 refugees driven from home by war or drought– and half of the adults are illiterate

Global Village

• The village has a total yearly budget, public and private, of over $3 million - $3,000 per person if it is distributed evenly.

• Of the total $3 000 000:

– $181,000 goes to weapons and warfare– $159,000 to education– $132,000 to health care

Global Village

Nuclear Power in the Village:

The village has buried beneath it enough explosive power in nuclear weapons to blow itself to smithereens many times over. These weapons are under the control of just 100 of the people. The other 900 are watching them with deep anxiety, wondering whether they can learn to get along together; and if they do, whether they might set off the weapons anyway through inattention or technical bungling; and if they ever decide to dismantle the weapons, where in the world village will they dispose of the radioactive materials of which the weapons are made?