DEMOGRAPHY AND POPULATION
AGEING IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
SSCDPA● Demography & Population Ageing in Brunei Darussalam ● Centre for Advanced Research (CARe)● Dr Hjh Yusnani Mohd Yusof-Kozlowski ● Dr
Khadizah Hj Mumin ● Universiti Brunei Darussalam● 4-5 December 2018
Brunei- Background
Brunei Demography
Year 2012 2013 2014 2015
Census
Update
2016
2017
Total Population
Male
Female
398,700
205,800
192,900
403,300
207,900
195,400
407,600
209,700
197,900
412,400
211,900
200,500
417,256
214,104
203,152
421,300
216,400
204,900
Age Grp Male Female Total %
60-64 8619 8148 16767 42.1
65-69 5154 5406 10560 26.5
70-74 2722 2889 5611 14.1
75-79 1599 1789 3388 8.5
80-84 902 1231 2133 5.4
85-89 413 551 964 2.4
90-94 139 176 315 0.8
95-99 19 34 53 0.1
100+ 1 3 4 0.0
Population Ageing in Brunei, 2018
Total Ageing Population: 39,795 (9% of the total population) or(10.7% of the combined Brunei citizen and Permanent Resident population)
Brunei Citizen
(323,500)76.8%
Permanent Residents (33,000)
7.8%
Temporary Residents (64,800)15.4%
Population by Residential Status
Young-old (aged 60-70 years) – 69%Old-old (aged 71-80 years) – 23%Oldest-old (aged 81 years and over) – 8%
The share of the ageing structure
Population Division, DESA, United Nations
Brunei Population Ageing Transition (1950 – 2050)
Proportion of Population aged 60 years and over in 2010, 2015 and 2030
Total dependency ratioNumber of Children (0-15) + Number of Elderly ( > 65 )-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of Working age 16-65
Total dependency ratio of 38.2 in 2017 means that for every 100 workers there are 38 people not of working age.
Youth dependency ratio: 32.8Elderly dependency ratio: 5.7
7
8
5.77.7
10.9
14.7
19.2
24.2
29.4
35.1
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Elderly dependency ratioIncrease of proportion of older population (aged 60+) from 2015 to 2050
potential support ratio: 17.6 (2015 est.)
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World
Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, DVD Edition
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Ageing in Brunei – what is so different here?
• Ageing is urbanizing – the share of urban population to the totalpopulation is 78%, living in urban areas and suburbs
• Living in extended family - strong traditional family support systemthat extends beyond the nuclear structure
• Culture – filial piety, care which is voluntary and mutually obligatory(normally cared for in cash or in kind by the family or surroundingneighbours), the family remains the principal source of welfaresupport , religious and traditional values
• Geographical size – small land size, making it easy to visit parentsalmost everyday
• Data – dearth of relevant, detailed and comparable data• Low physical exercise participation – due to lack of suitable facility,
sedentary lifestyle• Institutional arrangements to address population ageing –
government structures, legislation and national policies
Brunei Ageing Cross-cutting Issues
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• Ageing adds a spatial complexity
• The urban spatial structure can becharacterized by its level ofcentralization and clustering
• In Brunei, decentralization have impacted the urban spatial structure while maintaining a high level of clustering (Type C)
• Infrastructure and urban form needto be redesigned to increase theattractiveness of and well-being incities
• Remodeling the existing housingstock stimulate the housing market.
Ageing an urban phenomenon
Urban spatial structure
Spatial Structure of Bandar Seri Begawan
Cultural-values, housing: ageing population
‘Compliance’
Strive to get along with other people
without friction, prefer to avoid
interpersonal conflict, tender minded.
‘Preserving face’
Connotes dignity resulting from an
interpersonal relationship with others,
social acceptance, respectability.
‘Adab’ or mannerism
Refers to behavioural norms
‘Harmony’
Avoid criticizing others to foster
harmony; shared responsibility,
willingness to forego part of personal
freedom.
‘Community spirit’
Decision making is made after in-depth
consultations, discussions.
‘Spiritual well-being’
High spiritual orientation, prominence of
places for receiving religious instructions
Religious
Tradition
Customary
Tradition
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…and these values defines
1. housingenvironment(harmonioushouse)
2. physical planning(pathways,boundaries etc.)
3. choices of accommodation (apartments, detached etc.)
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National Housing Scheme Housing -Subsidised housing
Typical Brunei house
NHS Housing - interest free, 10-20 yearsinstallment, house ownershipMulti-generational family house
Ageing population: Housing choices
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Data collection – National
Study of Elderly Persons in
Brunei
This research will be the first of its kind of datacollected at the state level on the elderly, neverdone before.The purpose is to identify and observe different dimensionsof the aged population by obtaining the basic data needed todevelop and implement effective social, economic policies toaddress the trends emerging out of population ageing.
NATIONAL STUDY OF ELDERLY
PERSONS IN BRUNEI
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OBJECTIVES
• Collect detailed information on a sample cohort ofpeople aged 60 and over
• Extract scientific findings which are innovative andinsightful regarding the lives of elderly persons
• Link new scientific findings to efforts towardenhancing the effectiveness of policy-making forolder persons
• Further research at a regional level, includingcomparative studies with other countries.
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Secured funding from UBD
Sampling design
The research designed on finite population sampling in four districts:
Brunei-Muara, Tutong, Belait and Temburong; women and men 50 to 75
years; 600 respondents.
Survey instruments
Refined the questionnaire following feedbacks from FG and Pilot Survey
Forum with stakeholders
Round-robin discussion of a select group of participants
Focus Group stakeholders were asked three questions in order to get
their feedback.
Forum on New Frontiers in Social Research on Ageing (11/8/2018)
Training Research Assistants
• For data collection using questionnaire (6) and data entry
Pilot survey
30 (27 respondents) (comprise of people from Brunei Muara district)
Positive feedback (responses, suggestions)
PROGRESS so far…
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DELIVERABLES / EXPECTED
OUTCOMES• A ground-breaking research on the ageing conditions in Brunei.• Information on all aspects of older persons including the economic
(pensions, employment, living standards), health (physical, mental,service needs and usage), social and family aspects (friends and kin)and enabling environments (formal and informal care, socialparticipation, housing), empowerment of elderly (technology).
• Academic publications in international journals• Ageing intervention for the short, medium and long-term goals
EXPECTED COMPLETION OF
NSEP STUDY
• September 2019
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Brunei x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Ageing population: Policy responses
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Embracing other stakeholder viewshousehold membership is based on kinship • Family structure revolvesaround the nuclear as well as the extended family system • Maid is an integral
part of the family • Fragmentation of family • Older persons aremore vulnerable to exclusion and poverty • Livingarrangements matter • financial planning and independence-startthinking about saving for old age • develop centralized socialservices for responding to the elderly needs • publictransportation for older people • housing design
incorporate needs of the elderly • role of
volunteers • the changing pattern of the family structure isinfluenced by design of the house • government provide services andfacilities that are elderly friendly • government outsource to non-
government organization • geriatric hospital or centre •
Private sector • NGOs active player, concept of ‘Birul Walidayin’ • one
stop agency of social services •
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WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?Second wave of NSEP Aim is to conduct comprehensive data collection on all aspects of ageing Larger sample at whole of nation approach
PFGE
PFGE
PFGE
SocialLeisureDomesticCleaningHousehold RepairsSafetyMedicalMinor Medical Care
SocialLeisureDomesticShoppingCleaningHousehold RepairsLaunderingSafetyPersonal BathingCutting NailsMedicalMinor Medical Care
SocialLeisureSocial ActivityDomesticShoppingCookingCleaningHousehold RepairsLaunderingSafetyPersonal BathingCutting NailsDressingToiletingMedicalMinor Medical Care
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
81+
61-70
71-80
Age
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WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?
• Youth involvement in Healthy Ageing Project (Dr Kay)• Care Givers – realities of well-being (Dyg Armah)• Dementia• Bio markers• Mapping the Elderly Person (GIS)• Mobility in urban settings• Other stakeholders involvement – MOH, MORA,
MOHA and others• Further research at a regional level, including
comparative studies with other countries• Creating interest in provision and delivery of services
for the elderly from NGOs and private individuals.
Future Challenges
• Limitations of Family and Family Support Policy• Roles of Governmental Authorities in Older Person
Welfare– Enabling and supportive environments
• Roles of Private Sector in the Context of Aging Society– Housing Choices– Promotion of Aging Marketplace (Industry) to enhance
Economic Vitality
• Financing Aging Society, especially Pension and Long Term Care Issues
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THANK YOU
NATIONAL STUDY OF ELDERLY
PERSONS IN BRUNEI
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The topics are grouped to allow international comparative studies on
population ageing. The survey categories and topics under the Baseline
Survey was drafted in reference to the Korean (Klosa), Japanese (JSTAR),
Irish (TILDA) and United Kingdom’s (ELSA) of the panel study.
Local culture has been taken into consideration when designing the survey
instrument.
THEMES OF THE NSEP 2018 SURVEY
Seven main categories: A. Demographics, B. Family, C. Health,D. Employment and Income, E. Assets, F. SubjectiveExpectations and Satisfaction, and G. Housing
NATIONAL STUDY OF ELDERLY
PERSONS IN BRUNEI
