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Demonstrator of celestial sphere Demonstrator of celestial sphereTo define the movement of the stars first well To define the movement of the stars first well make a demonstrator of the movement of themake a demonstrator of the movement of the

stars on the celestial sphere. It has to be done stars on the celestial sphere. It has to be donebecause in this way well get the answers of because in this way well get the answers of

the following questions:the following questions:

**Which constellations are circumpolar?Which constellations are circumpolar?

**Which constellations of the northernWhich constellations of the northernhemisphere are rising and setting hemisphere are rising and setting ??

**Which constellations are invisible?Which constellations are invisible?

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What is the role of the demonstrator What is the role of the demonstrator

The main point is to find which constellationsThe main point is to find which constellationsare round the poles, which are rising and are round the poles, which are rising and

setting and which are invisible for the specific setting and which are invisible for the specificlatitude.latitude.

Of course, if we change the latitude of Of course, if we change the latitude of observation, some of the circumpolar observation, some of the circumpolar constellations can be rising and setting.constellations can be rising and setting.

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If we observe at latitude of about 45N certainly weIf we observe at latitude of about 45N certainly wewill see the stars from the southern hemispherewill see the stars from the southern hemisphererising and settingrising and setting ( ( fig.1)fig.1)

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The celestrial sphere for an observer at the North The celestrial sphere for an observer at the NorthPole.Pole.

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The celestrial sphere for an observer on the The celestrial sphere for an observer on theEquator.Equator.

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It is a goo i ea to ma e stu ents use we nown conste ationst is a goo i ea to ma e stu ents use we nown conste ationswith different true heights so that they can find constellationswith different true heights so that they can find constellationsvisible in different months of the year visible in different months of the year ..

In chart In chart 11 the declinations of well known constellations whichthe declinations of well known constellations which

are drawn on the demonstrator are drawn on the demonstrator , , can be seencan be seen ..

-70-50South Cross-50-20Scorpion-10+10Orion and Sirius+10+30Lion+30+50Swan+50+60Little Bear +70+90Great Bear

Minimumdeclination

Maximumdeclination

Constellation

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How to use the demonstrator How to use the demonstrator

To start to use the demonstrator you have toTo start to use the demonstrator you have toenter the latitude you have chosen. We will enter the latitude you have chosen. We will

make an imaginary trip around the globemake an imaginary trip around the globeusing the demonstrator.using the demonstrator.

1) If we take the latitude of +90, the observer 1) If we take the latitude of +90, the observer is on the North Pole and we can see all theis on the North Pole and we can see all theconstellations from the northern hemisphereconstellations from the northern hemisphereas round- the-poleas round- the-pole ..

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2) If the chosen latitude is 0 and the observer 2) If the chosen latitude is 0 and the observer is on the Equator we will see that all theis on the Equator we will see that all the

constellations are rising and setting constellations are rising and setting (perpendicular to the horizon). There are no(perpendicular to the horizon). There are noround- the-pole and invisible.round- the-pole and invisible.

3) If the latitude is +20, there are fewer round-3) If the latitude is +20, there are fewer round-the-pole constellations than at latitude of +40,the-pole constellations than at latitude of +40,but there are more stars which are rising and but there are more stars which are rising and

setting. setting.

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4) If the latitude is +60, there are many4) If the latitude is +60, there are manyround-the-pole constellations, but theround-the-pole constellations, but the

number of constellations which rise and set number of constellations which rise and set are smaller compared to these of latitudeare smaller compared to these of latitude

+40.+40.5) By using the demonstrator the students5) By using the demonstrator the students

can be encouraged to fill in a chart of suchcan be encouraged to fill in a chart of suchkind as the shown chart 2.kind as the shown chart 2.

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he designation is: R-S - rising and setting

C - circumpolar I -invisible

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Chart 2.Chart 2.

+90

+60

+40

+20

+0

SouthCross

Scorpion

OrionLionSwanLittleBear

GreatBear

latitude

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Advice: Do the test and check you Advice: Do the test and check youassessment scope! Success!assessment scope! Success! http://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/file.php/91/Bulgaria_/demonshttp://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/file.php/91/Bulgaria_/demons http://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/file.php/91/Bulgaria_/demonshttp://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/file.php/91/Bulgaria_/demons

trator/test_demonstrator/kryst.htmtrator/test_demonstrator/kryst.htm http://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/file.php/91/Bulgaria_/demonshttp://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/file.php/91/Bulgaria_/demons

trator/test_demonstrator/lebed.htmtrator/test_demonstrator/lebed.htm http://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/file.php/91/Bulgaria_/demonshttp://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/file.php/91/Bulgaria_/demonstrator/test_demonstrator/leo.htmtrator/test_demonstrator/leo.htm

http://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/file.php/91/Bulgaria_/demonshttp://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/file.php/91/Bulgaria_/demonstrator/test_demonstrator/mm.htmtrator/test_demonstrator/mm.htm

http://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/file.php/91/Bulgaria_/demonshttp://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/file.php/91/Bulgaria_/demonstrator/test_demonstrator/orion.htmtrator/test_demonstrator/orion.htm http://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/file.php/91/Bulgaria_/demonshttp://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/file.php/91/Bulgaria_/demonstrator/test_demonstrator/skorpion.htmtrator/test_demonstrator/skorpion.htm

http://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/file.php/91/Bulgaria_/demonstrator/test_demonstrator/gm.htmhttp://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/file.php/91/Bulgaria_/demonstrator/test_demonstrator/gm.htmhttp://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/file.php/91/Bulgaria_/demonstrator/test_demonstrator/gm.htm

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Compare your results!Compare your results!

IIICCCC+90

IIR-SR-SCCC+60

IR-SR-SR-SR-SCC+40

IR-SR-SR-SR-SR-SC+20

R-SR-SR-SR-SR-SR-SR-S+0

SouthCross

Scorpion

OrionLionSwanLittleBear

GreatBear

latitude

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ConclusionsConclusions

As a result of all this the students will As a result of all this the students willhave the chance to realize better thehave the chance to realize better thefollowing issues:following issues:

The movement of the stars.The movement of the stars.

The constellations round the poles and The constellations round the poles and their dependence on latitude.their dependence on latitude. The rising and setting stars and their The rising and setting stars and their

dependence on latitudedependence on latitude ..

The invisible stars and their dependenceThe invisible stars and their dependenceon latitudeon latitude .. The decline of the celestial track The decline of the celestial track

according to the horizon and itsaccording to the horizon and itsdependence on latitude.dependence on latitude.

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Used literature:Used literature:

1.Rosa M.Ros, Two steps towards1.Rosa M.Ros, Two steps towardsthe movements of the stars: Athe movements of the stars: A

demonstrator and a local model of demonstrator and a local model of the celestial sphere. the celestial sphere.

2.Fraknoi, A et al.The Universe at 2.Fraknoi, A et al.The Universe at Your Fingertrips, San Francisco,Your Fingertrips, San Francisco,19951995