DENGUE

Prepared by

SONIA BUTT

WHAT IS DENGUE?Also known as “Break bone Fever”Mosquito-borne viral infection that causes a severe flu-like illness leading to severe dengue (also called as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever) found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide, mostly in urban and semi-urban areas

HISTORY: The origins of the word dengue are not clear, but one theory

is that it is derived from the Swahili phrase "Ka-dinga pepo", meaning "cramp-like seizure caused by an evil spirit".

Dinga = Spanish origin from dengue meaning fastidious or careful

Slaves in West India, also called as Dandy fever. 1st case in Chinese Medical Encyclopedia from Jin Dynasty,

referred to as water poison 1780s, 1st dengue epidemics in Asia, Africa, and N. America

1779, Identification + Naming.

1st confirmed case report from 1789 by Benjamin Rush, who coined the term Break bone.

1906 = transmission by Aedes Mosquito confirmed.

1907 = 2nd fever which is viral.

1953 = severely reported in Philippines

1970s = become a major child mortality & emerged in Pacific & Americans region.

1981 = DHF & dengue shock syndrome, 1st reported

1994 = 1st confirmed outbreak of dengue fever in Pakistan. 2005 = in Karachi, 1st sudden rise + Annual Epidemic.Since 2010, Pakistan has been experiencing an epidemic of dengue fever that has caused 16,580 confirmed cases and 257 deaths in Lahore and nearly 5000 cases and 60 deaths reported from the rest of the country. In Punjab, KPK &. Sindh.

CAUSATIVE AGENT:

Dengue is caused by Dengue virus (DENV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus. DENV is an ssRNA positive-strand virus of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. This genus includes also the West Nile virus, Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus, Yellow Fever Virus, and several other viruses which may cause encephalitis. There are four antigenically different serotypes of the virus: 

1. DENV-12. DENV-23. DENV-34. DENV-4

Adese aegypti:

TRANSMISSION:

Aedes aegypti, the main mosquito vector that transmits the dengue virus from person to person.

prefer to feed during the day. Their breeding places are containers with clear water,

E.g., jars, vases, ant traps, dishes, cans, pots, flower pots, tires,

The incubation period ranges from 3 – 14 days, commonly 4 – 7 days.

POSSIBLE FACTORS FOR SPREADING:

Unplanned urban overpopulation of areas leading to inadequate housing and public health systems (water, sewerage and waste management)

 Poor vector control, e.g., stagnant pools of water for mosquito breeding 

Climate change and viral evolution (increased virus transmission has been linked to El Nino conditions) 

Increased international travel (recreational, business or military) to endemic areas

PRESERVATION-:

CONCLUSION:-