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DENGUE FEVER: A WORLDWIDE CRISIS
Abigail Jeffers
MPH Student
Walden University
PUBH 6165-4 Environmental Health
Dr. Robert P. Marino
Winter Quarter 2010
AGENDA
Expected learning outcomeI. Understand cost to societyII. Recognize impact on healthIII.Develop effective controlIV.Describe infection routes AudienceI. WHOII. CDCIII.GovernmentIV.General population Purpose of presentation
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WHAT IS IT?
Mosquito-borne viral disease1. DENV-12. DENV-23. DENV-34. DENV-4 Endemic to Tropical regions No cure DHF
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Epidemiology. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/dengue/epidemiology/index.html
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CAUSE OF DENGUE FEVER
Bite from infected Aedes aegypti mosquito Stagnant water Poor surveillance Poor Control Poorly constructed homes Solid waste disposal
World Health Organization. (2009). Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/
Used with permission from CDC
LIFECYCLE OF AEDES AEGYPTI
Used with permission from Hopp & Foley, 2001
ENDEMIC REGIONS
Used with permission from World Health Organization. (2009). Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/
SYMPTOMS TREATMENT
Fever 105ºF Rash Headache Backache Petechiae Ecchymoses
Supported careI. AcetaminophenII. RehydrationIII.Blood pressure
controlIV.Transfusions
Gurugama, P., Garg, P., Perera, J., Wijewickrama, A. & Seneviratne, S.L. (2010). Dengue Viral Infections. Indian J Dermatol, 55(1):68-78. DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.60357
Used with permission from Microsoft
Used with permission from Microsoft
PREVALENCE
100 million cases per year
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/dengue/faqFacts/fact.html
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INCIDENCE
2.5 billion people 2/5 of the world's population 500,000 DHF cases 120 million travellers
World Health Organization. (2011). Dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/en/
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MORBIDITY
Children Elderly
Schwartz, E., Weld, L.H., Wilder-Smith, A., von Sonnenburg, F., Keystone, J.S., Kain, K.C., Torresi, J. & Freedman, D.O. (2008). Seasonality, annual trends, and characteristics of dengue in ill returned travelers, 1997–2006. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 14(7):1081-1088. DOI: 10.3201/eid1407.071412
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MORTALITY
2.5% of children >20% w/o proper treatment 22,000 deaths per year
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Epidemiology. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/dengue/epidemiology/index.html
Image shows the gut of a mosquito filled with blood during feeding.Used with permission from CDC
OUTBREAKS
2007 Venezuela 2007 Puerto Rico 2008 Brazil 2009 Cape Verde 2010 The Americas Used with permission from Google images
Ribeiro, P. (2009). 2008 Dengue fever outbreak in Rio de Janeiro . Retrieved from http://gobrazil.about.com/od/denguefeverinbrazil/a/denguerio.htm
COST TO SOCIETY
Funds availability Decreases GDP Economic strain $1.8 billion annually Loss of income
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/dengue/faqFacts/fact.htmlGubler, D.J. (2006). Dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever: history and current status. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 277:3-16. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17319151Suaya, J.A., Shepard, D.S., Siqueira, J.B., Martelli, C.T., Lum, L.C., Tan, L.H., Kongsin ,S., Jiamton, S,. Garrido, F., Montoya ,R., Armien, B., Huy, R., Castillo, L., Caram, M., Sah, B.K., Sughayyar ,R., Tyo, KR. & Halstead, S.B. (2009). Cost of dengue cases in eight countries in the Americas and Asia: a prospective study. American Journal of Tropical Medicine Hygiene, 80(5):846-855. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407136
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PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Eradicating the mosquitoes Eliminating stagnant water Use of mosquito pesticide Testing of blood products
Gurugama, P., Garg, P., Perera, J., Wijewickrama, A. & Seneviratne, S.L. (2010). Dengue Viral Infections. Indian J Dermatol, 55(1):68-78. DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.60357
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CHALLENGES
Community involvement Physicians knowledge Increased air travel Urbanization
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/dengue/faqFacts/fact.html
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REFERENCES Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Dengue Fact
Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/dengue/faqFacts/fact.html
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Epidemiology. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/dengue/epidemiology/index.html
Gubler, D.J. (2006). Dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever: history and current status. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 277:3-16. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17319151
Gurugama, P., Garg, P., Perera, J., Wijewickrama, A. & Seneviratne, S.L. (2010). Dengue Viral Infections. Indian J Dermatol, 55(1):68-78. DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.60357
Ribeiro, P. (2009). 2008 Dengue fever outbreak in Rio de Janeiro . Retrieved from http://gobrazil.about.com/od/denguefeverinbrazil/a/denguerio.htm
Suaya, J.A., Shepard, D.S., Siqueira, J.B., Martelli, C.T., Lum, L.C., Tan, L.H., Kongsin ,S., Jiamton, S,. Garrido, F., Montoya ,R., Armien, B., Huy, R., Castillo, L., Caram, M., Sah, B.K., Sughayyar ,R., Tyo, KR. & Halstead, S.B. (2009). Cost of dengue cases in eight countries in the Americas and Asia: a prospective study. American Journal of Tropical Medicine Hygiene, 80(5):846-855. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407136
REFERENCES Schwartz, E., Weld, L.H., Wilder-Smith, A., von Sonnenburg,
F., Keystone, J.S., Kain, K.C., Torresi, J. & Freedman, D.O.(2008). Seasonality, annual trends, and characteristics of dengue in ill returned travelers, 1997–2006. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 14(7):1081-1088. DOI: 10.3201/eid1407.071412
Ugonabo, N., & Valdovinos, C. (2008). Assessing the impact of treatment of septic tanks with expanded polystyrene beads on Aedes aegypti larval and adult mosquito emergence. Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/group/parasites/ParaSites2008/Nkem_Cristina%20Valdoinos/ugonabon_valdovinosc_dengueproposal.htm
World Health Organization. (2009). Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/
World Health Organization. (2011). Dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever. Retrieved from
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/en/
SUPPLEMENTAL READING Ballenger-Browning, K.K. & Elder, J.P. (2009). Multi-modal
Aedes aegypti mosquito reduction interventions and dengue fever prevention. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 14(12):1542-1551. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02396.x. Use the Walden Library Academic Search Premier database, and search using the article’s Accession Number: 2010496140
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2009). Dengue Fever. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/TOPICS/DENGUEFEVER/RESEARCH/Pages/Default.aspx
THANK YOU!!!
I sincerely appreciate the time that I sincerely appreciate the time that you have devoted to my you have devoted to my
presentation. If you have any presentation. If you have any questions, I will be happy toquestions, I will be happy to
answer them.answer them.
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