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8/2/2019 Denmark 2012
1/24WTTC Tvel & TouisEcooic Ipct 2012 1
The Authority on World Travel & Tourism
Travel& Tourism Economicimpact2012
DEnmark
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For more information please contact:
Olivia Ruggles-BriseDirector,policy&Research
Eva Aimablemaager,policy&Research
2012Worldravel&ourisoucil
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For more than 20 ears the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC)
has been investing in economic impact research, which assesses
the Travel & Tourism industrs contribution to GDP and jobs. Our
ten-ear forecasts are unique in the information the provide to
assist governments and private companies plan for the future.
Travel & Tourism continues to be one of the worlds largest industries. The total impact of the industry means
that, in 2011, it contributed 9% of global GDP, or a value of over US$6 trillion, and accounted for 255 millionjobs. Over the next ten years this industry is expected to grow by an average of 4% annually, taking it to
10% of global GDP, or some US$10 trillion. By 2022, it is anticipated that it will account for 328 million jobs,
or 1 in every 10 jobs on the planet.
2011 was one of the most challenging years ever experienced by the global Travel & Tourism industry.
However, our latest research suggests that, despite political upheaval, economic uncertainty and natural
disasters, the industrys direct contribution to world GDP grew by nearly 3% to US$2 trillion and directly
generated 1.2 million new jobs. This was supported by a 3% increase in visitor exports to US$1.2 trillion,
with almost 3% growth in capital investment, which rose to over US$0.7 trillion.
Moreover, while the macroeconomic environment remains very challenging, our latest projections point to
continuous growth in the contribution of Travel & Tourism to global GDP and employment. Rising household
incomes in emerging economies not only the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China) but increasingly across
the rest of Southeast Asia and Latin America will continue to fuel increased leisure demand. Similarly,
growing international trade particularly from emerging markets will sustain business travel demand.
In developed economies, consumers are likely to remain cautious, especially in European countries where
austerity programmes are being implemented.
This means that we expect growth in Travel & Tourisms direct contribution to GDP to remain stable at 3% in
2012. We expect the industry to generate directly over 2 million new jobs, with a 2% increase in visitor exports
and 3.5% growth in investment over the year.
Rarely over the past 20 years have we been challenged by such economic and political uncertainty as we areseeing now. Our ongoing research underlines the importance of Travel & Tourism as a stabilising force globally
providing jobs, generating prosperity, and facilitating international trade and investment.
David Scowsill
President & CEOWorld Travel & Tourism Council
Foreword
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Contents2012 Annual Research: Key Facts .......................................................................................................1
Defning the Economic Contribution o Travel & Tourism .............................2
Travel & Tourisms Contribution to GDP .....................................................................................3
Travel & Tourisms Contribution to Employment ..........................................................4
Visitor Exports and Investment ..................................................................................................................5
Dierent Components o Travel & Tourism ............................................................................6
Country Rankings: Absolute Contribution, 2012 ........................................................7
Country Rankings: Relative Contribution, 2011 ...........................................................8
Country Rankings: Real Growth, 2012 .........................................................................................9
Country Rankings: Long Term Growth, 2012 - 2022 ......................................10
Summary Tables: Estimates and Forecasts....................................................................11
The Economic Contribution o Travel & Tourism:
Real 2011 Prices.............................................................................................................................................................12
The Economic Contribution o Travel & Tourism:
Nominal Prices ...................................................................................................................................................................13
The Economic Contribution o Travel & Tourism: Growth ......................14
Glossary.........................................................................................................................................................................................15
Methodological Note...............................................................................................................................................16
Regions, Sub-regions, Countries ......................................................................................................17
USEFmERLSUHRSED,pRVDEDSURESKnWLEDGED
1-2QueeVictoriaerrace,Sovereigourt,LodoE1W3H,UK
2el:+44(0)2074818007.Fax:+44(0)2074881008.Eail:[email protected]
The Economic Impact o Travel & Tourism 2012
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= Total contribution of Travel & Tourism
Denmark
2012 ANNUAL RESEARCH: KEY FACTS 2012forecast
EMPLOYMENT: DIRECT CONTRIBUTION
EMPLOYMENT: TOTAL CONTRIBUTION
VISITOR EXPORTS
INVESTMENT
WORLD RANKING (OUT OF 181 COUNTRIES):Relative importance of Travel & Tourism's total contribution to GDP
41ABSOLUTE
Size in 2011
134
Contribution to GDP in 2011
RELATIVE
97GROWTH2012 forecast
Total Contribution of
Travel & Tourism to GDP
Breakdown of Travel & Tourism's Total
Contribution to GDP and Employment 2011
2011 DKKbn GDP (2011 DKKbn)
Direct Indirect Induced
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2022
2011 DKKbn2011 DKKbn
19
55
33
185
86
29E
mployment
('000)
WTTC Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2012 1
The direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP was DKK33.0bn (1.8% of total GDP) in 2011,and is forecast to rise by 3.7% in 2012, and to rise by 3.4% pa, from 2012-2022, to DKK47.8bnin 2022 (in constant 2011 prices).
The total contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP was DKK107.1bn (6.0% of GDP) in 2011, andis forecast to rise by 2.7% in 2012, and to rise by 2.6% pa to DKK142.9bn in 2022.
In 2011 Travel & Tourism directly supported 184,500 jobs (7.0% of total employment). This isexpected to rise by 2.3% in 2012 and rise by 1.4% pa to 217,000 jobs (7.8% of total
employment) in 2022.
In 2011, the total contribution of Travel & Tourism to employment, including jobs indirectly
Visitor exports generated DKK36.6bn (3.8% of total exports) in 2011. This is forecast to grow
by 4.0% in 2012, and grow by 0.6% pa, from 2012-2022, to DKK40.6bn in 2022 (2.7% of total).
Travel & Tourism investment in 2011 was DKK13.9bn, or 4.5% of total investment. It should riseby 1.2% in 2012, and rise by 2.7% pa over the next ten years to DKK18.4bn in 2022 (4.2% of
total).
2022
GDP: DIRECT CONTRIBUTION
GDP: TOTAL CONTRIBUTION
supported by the industry, was 11.3% of total employment (299,000 jobs). This is expected torise by 1.7% in 2012 to 304,000 jobs and rise by 1.0% pa to 335,000 jobs in 2022 (12.1% of
total).
148LONG-TERM GROWTH
Forecast 2012-2022
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DENMARK: DIRECT CONTRIBUTION OF TRAVEL & TOURISM TO GDP
DENMARK: TOTAL CONTRIBUTION OF TRAVEL & TOURISM TO GDP
1All values are in constant 2011 prices & exchange rates
3
Travel & Tourism'scontribution to GDP
1
The direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP in 2011 was DKK33.0bn (1.8% of GDP). This is forecast to rise
by 3.7% to DKK34.2bn in 2012.This primarily reflects the economic activity generated by industriessuch as hotels, travel agents, airlines and other passenger transportation services (excluding commuter
services). But it also includes, for example, the activities of the restaurant and leisure industries directly
supported by tourists.
The direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP is expected to grow by 3.4% pa to DKK47.8bn (2.1% of GDP)by 2022.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
202
2
2022
Constant 2011 DKKbn % of whole economy GDP
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
202
2
202
2
induced income impacts, see page 2) was DKK107.1bn in 2011 (6.0% of GDP) and is expected to grow by2.7% to DKK110.0bn (6.1% of GDP) in 2012.
It is forecast to rise by 2.6% pa to DKK142.9bn by 2022 (6.4% of GDP).
Constant 2011 DKKbn
Direct Indirect Induced
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2011 2012 2022202220220.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
2011 2012 20222022
% of whole economy GDP
Direct Indirect Induced
WTTC Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2012
The total contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP (including wider effects from investment, the supply chain and
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DENMARK: DIRECT CONTRIBUTION OF TRAVEL & TOURISM TO EMPLOYMENT
DENMARK: TOTAL CONTRIBUTION OF TRAVEL & TOURISM TO EMPLOYMENT
4
Travel & Tourism generated 184,500 jobs directly in 2011 (7.0% of total employment) and this is forecast to growby 2.3% in 2012 to 189,000 (7.2% of total employment).
This includes employment by hotels, travel agents, airlines and other passenger transportation services(excluding commuter services). It also includes, for example, the activities of the restaurant and leisure
industries directly supported by tourists.
By 2022, Travel & Tourism will account for 217,000 jobs directly, an increase of 1.4% pa over the next ten years.
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
202
2
'000 jobs % of whole economy employment
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
202
2
The total contribution of Travel & Tourism to employment (including wider effects from investment, the supply
By 2022, Travel & Tourism is forecast to support 335,000 jobs (12.1% of total employment), an increase of 1.0%
pa over the period.
'000 jobs
Direct Indirect Induced
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
2011 2012 202220222022
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
2011 2012 20222022
% of whole economy employment
Direct Indirect Induced
WTTC Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2012
Travel & Tourism'scontribution to employment
chain and induced income impacts, see page 2) was 299,000 jobs in 2011 (11.3% of total employment). This isforecast to rise by 1.7% in 2012 to 304,000 jobs (11.6% of total employment).
2022 2
022
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VISITOR EXPORTS
DENMARK: VISITOR EXPORTS AND INTERNATIONAL TOURIST ARRIVAL
INVESTMENT
DENMARK: CAPITAL INVESTMENT IN TRAVEL & TOURISM
1All values are in constant 2011 prices & exchange rates
5
Visitor Exports and Investment1
Visitor exports are a key component of the direct contribution of Travel & Tourism. In 2011,
Denmark generated DKK36.6bn in visitor exports. In 2012, this is expected to grow by 4.0%, and the country isexpected to attract 9,613,000 international tourist arrivals.
By 2022, international tourist arrivals are forecast to total 9,092,000, generating expenditure of DKK40.6bn, a fall
of 0.6% pa.
Constant 2011 DKKbn Foreign visitor exports as % of total exports
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2022
202
2
Travel & Tourism is expected to have attracted capital investment of DKK13.9bn in 2011. This is expected torise by 1.2% in 2012, and rise by 2.7% pa over the next ten years to DKK18.4bn in 2022.
Travel & Tourisms share of total national investment will fall from 4.3% in 2012 to 4.2% in 2022.
Constant 2011 DKKbn
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2022
2022
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2022
2022
% of whole economy GDP
WTTC Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2012
mn
Foreign tourist arrivals (RHS)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2022
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Foreign visitor exports (LHS)
2022
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Leisure spending
Business spending
Foreign visitor spending
Domestic spending
Direct
Induced
Indirect
33.8%
7.4%
9.8%1All values are in constant 2011 prices & exchange rates
85.9%
14.1%
30.8%
18.2%
46.8%
53.2%
51.0%
(c) Government collective
Indirect is the sum of:
(a) Supply chain
(b) Investment
6 WTTC Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2012
Different components ofTravel & Tourism
1
Denmark
Travel & Tourism's Contribution to GDP:
Business vs Leisure, 2011 Leisure travel spending (inbound and domestic)generated 85.9% of direct Travel & Tourism GDPin 2011 (DKK68.6bn) compared with 14.1% for
business travel spending (DKK11.2bn).
Business travel spending is expected to grow by9.0% in 2012 to DKK12.2bn, and rise by 3.9% pato DKK17.9bn in 2022.
Leisure travel spending is expected to grow by2.8% in 2012 to DKK70.5bn, and rise by 3.6% pato DKK100.2bn in 2022.
Denmark
Domestic vs Foreign, 2011
Travel & Tourism's Contribution to GDP:
Domestic travel spending generated 53.2% ofdirect Travel & Tourism GDP in 2011 comparedwith 46.8% for visitor exports (ie foreign visitor
spending or international tourism receipts).
Domestic travel spending is expected to grow by3.5% in 2012 to DKK43.0bn, and rise by 5.7% pato DKK75.6bn in 2022.
Visitor exports are expected to grow by 4.0% in
2012 to DKK38.1bn, and rise by 0.6% pa toDKK40.6bn in 2022.
c b
a
Denmark
Breakdown of Travel & Tourism's Total Contribution to GDP, 2011 The Travel & Tourism industry contributes to GDP
and employment in many ways as detailed onpage 2.
The total contribution of Travel & Tourism to
GDP is three times greater than its direct
contribution.
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2012 2012
% growth % growth
39 Russian Federation 5.8 66 Russian Federation 4.6
82 Denmark 3.7 97 Denmark 2.7
World Average 2.7 World Average 2.5
126 United Kingdom 1.3 121 Sweden 1.6
129 Sweden 1.2 129 United Kingdom 0.7
138 France 0.7 135 Norway 0.5
143 Germany 0.0 137 France 0.1
145 Norway -0.4 142 Belgium -0.1
149 Belgium -0.6 147 Iceland -0.4
163 Iceland -1.6 153 Finland -0.8
167 Finland -1.7 162 Germany -1.8
2012 2012
% growth % growth
159 Russian Federation 2.9 World Average 1.9
120 Denmark 2.3 92 Denmark 1.7
World Average 2.2 95 Russian Federation 1.6
80 United Kingdom 1.7 115 Sweden 0.4
133 France 0.2 116 United Kingdom 0.322 Sweden -0.2 130 France -0.4
167 Germany -1.1 142 Iceland -1.4
55 Iceland -1.9 147 Finland -1.6
136 Finland -2.3 149 Belgium -1.9
149 Belgium -2.6 151 Norway -2.0
171 Norway -3.1 161 Germany -2.9
2012 2012
% growth % growth
53 Iceland 6.9 68 United Kingdom 4.293 Sweden 4.5 74 Denmark 4.0
World Average 3.1 94 France 2.7
110 Finland 2.9 World Average 1.6
120 Russian Federation 2.1 126 Norway 0.5
125 United Kingdom 1.8 128 Russian Federation 0.3
126 Germany 1.8 131 Sweden 0.2
135 Denmark 1.2 157 Germany -2.4
148 Norway -0.5 160 Finland -3.3
155 France -1.4 162 Belgium -3.6
156 Belgium -1.4 167 Iceland -3.9
Travel & Tourism
Investment
Visitor
Exports
Travel & Tourism's Direct
Contribution to Employment
Travel & Tourism's Total
Contribution to Employment
Travel & Tourism's Direct
Contribution to GDP Contribution to GDP
Travel & Tourism's Total
Country rankings:Real growth, 2012
9WTTC Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2012
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2012 - 2022 2012 - 2022
% growth pa % growth pa
44 Sweden 5.2 77 Sweden 4.3
World Average 4.1 World Average 4.1
94 United Kingdom 4.1 106 United Kingdom 3.8
101 Russian Federation 3.9 107 Russian Federation 3.8
111 Iceland 3.6 122 Iceland 3.4
121 Denmark 3.4 148 Denmark 2.6
148 Finland 2.7 157 Finland 2.5
161 Belgium 2.2 165 Norway 1.9
165 Norway 2.0 167 Belgium 1.8
167 France 1.9 172 France 1.7
175 Germany 1.4 177 Germany 1.0
2012 - 2022 2012 - 2022
% growth pa % growth pa
22 Sweden 3.2 43 Sweden 2.7
55 Iceland 2.6 World Average 2.4
80 United Kingdom 2.2 83 United Kingdom 2.1
World Average 1.8 84 Iceland 2.1
120 Denmark 1.4 134 Denmark 1.0133 France 1.1 145 France 0.7
136 Finland 1.0 155 Finland 0.5
149 Belgium 0.7 160 Belgium 0.2
159 Russian Federation 0.4 163 Russian Federation 0.1
167 Germany -0.2 169 Germany -0.6
171 Norway -0.6 170 Norway -0.6
2012 - 2022 2012 - 2022
% growth pa % growth pa
63 Russian Federation 5.3 33 Sweden 5.4World Average 5.3 78 Norway 4.1
83 Finland 4.8 81 United Kingdom 4.0
105 Iceland 4.3 99 Iceland 3.6
121 Belgium 3.7 World Average 3.5
127 Germany 3.5 118 Finland 3.0
137 France 3.3 145 Germany 2.3
145 United Kingdom 3.0 152 France 1.9
148 Sweden 3.0 155 Russian Federation 1.9
152 Denmark 2.7 162 Belgium 1.6
170 Norway 1.8 174 Denmark 0.6
Travel & Tourism's Direct
Contribution to GDP Contribution to GDP
Travel & Tourism's Total
Travel & Tourism's Direct
Contribution to Employment
Travel & Tourism's Total
Contribution to Employment
Travel & Tourism Investment
Contribution to Capital Investment
Visitor Exports
Contribution to Exports
WTTC Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2012
Country rankings:Long term growth, 2012 - 2022
0
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2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012E 2022F
3. Internal tourism consumption
(= 1 + 2 + government individual spending)
4. Purchases by tourism providers,
including imported goods
(supply chain)
5. Direct contribution ofTravel & Tourism to GDP
(= 3 + 4)
Other final impacts
(indirect & induced)
6. Domestic supply chain
11. Total contribution of
Travel & Tourism to GDP
(= 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10)
Employment impacts ('000)
12.
Other indicators
14. Expenditure on outbound travel
23.9
13.
48.7 51.6 51.2
Total contribution of Travel & Tourism
to employment352.8 324.3 324.0
19.9 19.5
190.5 184.7
107.1
336.4 309.7 299.0
13.711.0 11.1 11.4
-9.2
19.820.5
10.1 10.4 10.4 11.1
13.1 13.9 14.1 18.412.7 12.4 13.5 13.9
41.1 40.3 38.2 38.4
46.0
Direct contribution of Travel & Tourism toemployment
Imported goods from indirect spending
10.
-9.4 -11.2 -11.0 -10.6 -7.7 -8.8
49.0 50.5 52.4 51.0
9.
109.8 107.4
7. Capital investment
8. Government collective spending
45.6 42.8
Induced
119.8 111.3 108.7
21.7 20.1 19.4
223.7 206.9 204.4 210.4
118.3
304.1
47.8
334.8
142.9
188.9 217.4
110.0
39.8 55.6
43.0
-16.5
75.6
93.4 88.7 85.8 82.1 78.8 79.8 82.9
34.8 40.6
2. Domestic expenditure 51.9 48.4 47.4 45.7 42.2 41.6
Denmark
(DKKbn, real 2011 prices)
1. Visitor exports 34.9 36.6 38.1
-54.2 -51.9 -47.5-50.5
39.9 38.8 36.9
-70.5
35.3 34.6 32.8
-46.0 -46.8 -48.7
39.2 36.8 33.0 34.2
WTTC Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 20122
The economic contribution ofTravel & Tourism: Real 2011 prices
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2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012E 2022F
3. Internal tourism consumption
(= 1 + 2 + government individual spending)
4. Purchases by tourism providers,
including imported goods
(supply chain)
5. Direct contribution ofTravel & Tourism to GDP
(= 3 + 4)
Other final impacts
(indirect & induced)
6. Domestic supply chain
11. Total contribution of
Travel & Tourism to GDP
(= 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10)
Employment impacts ('000)
12.
Other indicators
14. Expenditure on outbound travel
Historical data for concepts has been benchmarked to match reported TSA data where available.
*Concepts shown in this table align with the standard table totals as described in the 2008Tourism Satellite Account: RecommendedMethodological Framework(TSA: RMF 2008) developed by the United Nations Statistical Division (UNSD), the Statistical Office
of the European Communities (EUROSTAT), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World TourismOrganization (UNWTO).
29.8
13.
43.1 46.8 48.3
Total contribution of Travel & Tourism
to employment352.8 324.3 324.0
19.5 19.7 19.5
190.5 184.7
107.1
336.4 309.7 299.0
17.18.9 9.5 9.9 10.6 10.9 11.1 11.6
13.0 13.9 14.3 22.911.2 11.2 12.7 13.2
38.8 38.5 37.8 38.4
57.3
Direct contribution of Travel & Tourism toemployment
Imported goods from indirect spending
10.
-8.4 -10.2 -10.4 -10.1 -7.6 -8.8
46.7 50.0 52.4 52.0
9.
104.8 106.4
7. Capital investment
8. Government collective spending
40.4 38.8
Induced
106.2 100.8 102.7
19.3 18.2 18.3
-9.4
223.7 206.9 204.4 210.4
20.1
147.2
304.1
59.5
334.8
178.1
188.9 217.4
112.1
40.5 69.3
43.8
-20.5
94.2
82.6 80.3 81.1 78.4 78.0 79.8 84.3
33.2 50.5
2. Domestic expenditure 46.0 43.8 44.8 43.6 41.8 41.6
Denmark
(DKKbn, nominal prices)
1. Visitor exports 34.6 36.6 38.8
-47.8 -47.0 -45.3-47.7
35.3 35.1 34.9
-87.7
33.4 33.1 32.5
-45.5 -46.8 -49.4
34.7 33.3 33.0 34.9
WTTC Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2012 13
The economic contribution of
Travel & Tourism: Nominal prices
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2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012E 2022F
3. Internal tourism consumption
(= 1 + 2 + government individual spending)
4. Purchases by tourism providers,
including imported goods
(supply chain)
5. Direct contribution ofTravel & Tourism to GDP
(= 3 + 4)
Other final impacts
(indirect & induced)
6. Domestic supply chain
11. Total contribution of
Travel & Tourism to GDP
(= 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10)
Employment impacts ('000)
12.
Other indicators
14. Expenditure on outbound travel
-1.4 -6.1 0.5 3.7
3.7
-4.0 -2.0 -5.2
-4.2 2.4 2.3
0.4 4.8 4.0
-0.2 -3.1 -6.4-1.7
3.6 -2.8 -4.7
Denmark
Growth1
(%)
1. Visitor exports -5.7 0.6
2. Domestic expenditure -3.6 -6.7 -2.0 -3.7 -7.6 -1.5 3.5
4.3
5.8
-0.6 -4.9 -3.2 -4.4 -4.1 1.3 3.7 3.6
1.7
3.4
1.0
2.6
2.3 1.4
2.7
3.7 3.4
4.0
-2.3 -7.5 -1.2 2.9
1.6Induced
-5.6 -7.1 -2.3
-8.2 -7.7 -3.3
9.
1.0 -2.2
7. Capital investment
8. Government collective spending
-1.4 -6.1
-4.3 3.1 3.8 -2.6 -1.0
Direct contribution of Travel & Tourism toemployment
Imported goods from indirect spending
10.
14.9 4.2 -2.5 -1.9 -13.8 5.2
-4.0 -2.0 -5.2 0.5
-5.1 -2.4 8.8 3.1 -5.3 5.7 1.2 2.7
1.91.3 3.7 -0.1 6.4 -0.7 1.0 2.3
-0.1
5.6 -2.9 -2.2
-9.4 -3.1
-0.2
3.8 -7.9 -3.5
12005-2011 real annual growth adjusted for inflation (%);
22011-2021 annualised real growth adjusted for inflation (%)
1.9
13.
5.4 6.1 -0.9
Total contribution of Travel & Tourism
to employment-5.0 -8.1
WTTC Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 20124
The economic contribution ofTravel & Tourism: Growth
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Glossary
KEy DEFINITIONSTravel & Tourism relates to the activity of travellers ontrips outside their usual environment with a duration of less
than one year. Economic activity related to all aspects of
such trips is measured within the research.
Direct contribution to GDP GDP generated by
industries that deal directly with tourists, including hotels,
travel agents, airlines and other passenger transport
services, as well as the activities of restaurant and leisure
industries that deal directly with tourists. It is equivalent to
total internal Travel & Tourism spending (see below) within
a country less the purchases made by those industries
(including imports). In terms of the UNs Tourism Satellite
Account methodology it is consistent with total GDP
calculated in table 6 of the TSA: RMF 2008.
Direct contribution to emploment the number
of direct jobs within the Travel & Tourism industry. This is
consistent with total employment calculated in table 7 of the
TSA: RMF 2008.
Total contribution to GDP GDP generated directly by
the Travel & Tourism industry plus its indirect and induced
impacts (see below). Total contribution to employment
the number of jobs generated directly in the Travel &
Tourism industry plus the indirect and induced contributions
(see below).
DIRECT SPENDING IMPACTSVisitor exports spending within the country by international
tourists for both business and leisure trips, including
spending on transport. This is consistent with total inbound
tourism expenditure in table 1 of the TSA: RMF 2008.
Domestic Travel & Tourism spending spending within
a country by that countrys residents for both business and
leisure trips. Multi-use consumer durables are not included
since they are not purchased solely for tourism purposes.
This is consistent with total domestic tourism expenditure
in table 2 of the TSA: RMF 2008. Outbound spending by
residents abroad is not included here, but is separately
identied according to the TSA: RMF 2008 (see below).
Government individual spending government spending
on individual non-market services for which beneficiaries
can be separately identified. These social transfers are
directly comparable to consumer spending and, in certain
cases, may represent public provision of consumer
services. For example, it includes provision of services in
national parks and museums.
Internal tourism consumption total revenue generated
within a country by industries that deal directly with
tourists including visitor exports, domestic spending and
government individual spending. This does not include
spending abroad by residents. This is consistent with
total internal tourism expenditure in table 4 of the TSA:
RMF 2008.
Business Travel & Tourism spending spending
on business travel within a country by residents and
international visitors.
Leisure Travel & Tourism spending spending on leisure
travel within a country by residents and international visitors.
INDIRECT AND INDCED IMPACTS
Indirect contribution the contribution to GDP and
jobs of the following three factors:
Capital investment includes capital investment spending
by all sectors directly involved in the Travel & Tourism
industry. This also constitutes investment spending by other
industries on specic tourism assets such as new visitor
accommodation and passenger transport equipment, as
well as restaurants and leisure facilities for specic tourism
use. This is consistent with total tourism gross xed capital
formation in table 8 of the TSA: RMF 2008.
Government collective spending general government
spending in support of general tourism activity. This can
include national as well as regional and local government
spending. For example, it includes tourism promotion, visitor
information services, administrative services and other public
services. This is consistent with total collective tourism
consumption in table 9 of TSA: RMF 2008.
Supply-chain effects purchases of domestic goods
and services directly by different sectors of the Travel &
Tourism industry as inputs to their nal tourism output.
Induced contribution the broader contribution to
GDP and employment of spending by those who are
directly or indirectly employed by Travel & Tourism.
OTER INDICATORSOutbound expenditure spending outside the country by
residents on all trips abroad. This is fully aligned with total
outbound tourism expenditure in table 3 of the TSA:
RMF 2008.
Foreign visitor arrivals the number of arrivals of foreign
visitors, including same-day and overnight visitors (tourists)
to the country.
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In 2011, WTTC rened its methodology for estimating the direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to befully consistent with the UN Statistics Division-approved 2008 Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended
Methodological Framework(TSA:RMF 2008). Some further revisions to the research have been made
in 2012 as part of WTTCs ongoing commitment to align the research with the TSA:RMF 2008. This has
involved further benchmarking of country reports to ofcial, published TSAs, including for countries which
are reporting data for the rst time as well as updates to earlier years. As part of the alignment process we
are now also able to isolate and exclude international travel ows related to education.
In addition to 181 individual country reports, one world report and 17 covering world regions and
sub-regions, we also provide reports with combined results for special economic groupings including,
for the rst time in 2012, the G20 and SADC.
Special economic groups
G20
Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, European Union, France, Germany, India, Indonesia,
Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea,Turkey, UK, USA.
SADC (Southern African Development Communit)
Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia,
Zimbabwe.
BRIC
Brazil, Russia, India, China.
APEC (Asia-Pacic Economic Cooperation)
Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia,
Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russian Federation, Singapore,
Taiwan, Thailand, USA, Vietnam.
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands,
New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, USA.
Methodological note
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WORLD
Economic impact reports:Regions, sub-regions and countries
RegionSub-
RegionCountRy Region
Sub-
RegionCountRy Region
Sub-
RegionCountRy Region
Sub-
RegionCountRy
AfRiCA
noRthAfRiCA Algeria
AmeRiCAS
CARibbeAn
Anguilla
ASiA
noRtheAStASiA
Japan
euRope
euRopeAn
union
Lithuania
EgyptAntigua &Barbuda
China Luxembourg
Libya Aruba Hong Kong Malta
Morocco Bahamas South Korea Netherlands
Tunisia Barbados Macau Poland
Sub-SAhARAn
Angola Bermuda Taiwan Portugal
Benin Cayman Islands Mongolia Romania
Botswana Cuba
oCeAniA
Australia Slovakia
Burkina FasoFormerNetherlandsAntilles
New Zealand Slovenia
Burundi Dominica Fiji Spain
CameroonDominicanRepublic
Kiribati Sweden
Cape Verde Grenada Other Oceania UK
Central AfricanRepublic
Guadeloupe Solomon Islands
otheR
euRope
Albania
Chad Haiti Tonga Armenia
Comoros Jamaica Vanuatu Azerbaijan
DemocraticRepublic of Congo
Martinique
S
outhASiA
Bangladesh Belarus
Ethiopia Puerto Rico IndiaBosniaHerzegovina
Gabon St Kitts & Nevis Nepal Croatia
Gambia St Lucia Pakistan Iceland
GhanaSt Vincent & theGrenadines Sri Lanka Kazakhstan
GuineaTrinidad &Tobago
Maldives Kyrgyzstan
Ivory Coast UK Virgin Islands
SoutheAStASiA
Brunei Macedonia
Kenya US Virgin Islands Cambodia Moldova
Lesotho
LAtinAmeR
iCA
Argentina Indonesia Montenegro
Madagascar Belize Laos Norway
Malawi Bolivia Malaysia Russia
Mali Brazil Myanmar Serbia
Mauritius ChilePapua NewGuinea
Switzerland
Mozambique Colombia Philippines Turkey
Namibia Costa Rica Singapore Ukraine
Niger El Salvador Thailand
middLeeASt
Bahrain
Nigeria Ecuador Vietnam Iran
Republic of Congo Guatemala
euRope
euRopeAn
union
Austria Israel
Reunion Guyana Belgium Jordan
Rwanda Honduras Bulgaria Kuwait
Sao Tome &Principe
Nicaragua Cyprus Lebanon
Senegal Panama Czech Republic Oman
Seychelles Paraguay Denmark Qatar
Sierra Leone Peru Estonia Saudi Arabia
South Africa Suriname Finland Syria
Sudan Uruguay France UAE
Swaziland Venezuela Germany Yemen
Tanzania
no
Rth
Am
eRiCA Canada Greece
Togo Mexico Hungary
Uganda USA Ireland
Zambia Italy
Zimbabwe Latvia
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TE WORLD TRAVEL & TORISM CONCILIS TE FORM FOR BSINESS LEADERS IN TETRAVEL & TORISM INDSTRy.
With the Chairs and Chief Executives of the 100 foremost Travel & Tourism companies as its
Members, WTTC has a unique mandate and overview on all matters related to Travel & Tourism.
WTTC works to raise awareness of Travel & Tourism as one of the worlds largest industries,
supporting some 255 million jobs and generating 9% of global GDP in 2011.
Together with its research partner, Oxford Economics, WTTC produces comprehensive reports
on an annual basis with updates whenever required to quantify, compare and forecast the
economic impact of Travel & Tourism on 181 economies around the world. It also publishes aWorld report highlighting global trends, as well as reports on regions, sub-regions and special
economic groupings.
To download one-page summaries, the full reports or spreadsheets, visit www.wttc.org
ASSISTING WTTC TO PROVIDE TOOLS FOR ANALySIS,BENCMARKING, FORECASTING AND PLANNING.
Over the last 30 years Oxford Economics has built a diverse and loyal client base of over 300
organisations worldwide, including international organisations, governments, central banks,
and both large and small businesses. Headquartered in Oxford, England, with ofces in
London, Belfast, Paris, the UAE, Singapore, Philadelphia, New York and San Francisco,
Oxford Economics employs over 70 full-time, highly qualied economists and data specialists,
while maintaining links with a network of economists in universities worldwide.
For more information please take advantage of a free trial on our website,www.oxfordeconomics.com, or contact John Gaster, Oxford Economics, Abbey House,
121 St Aldates, Oxford, OX1 1HB, UK.
Tel: +44 (0) 1865 268 900; email: [email protected]
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CHAIRMAN
ABERCROMBIE & KENTGeoffrey J W Kent
Founder, Chairman & CEO
PRESIDENT & CEO
WORLD TRAVEL &TOURISM COUNCILDavid Scowsill
VICE CHAIRMEN
GLOBAL LEISURE PARTNERSMark Harms
Chairman & CEO
MANDARIN ORIENTALEdouard Ettedgui
Group Chief Executive
SILVERSEA CRUISESManfredi Lefebvre dOvidio di
Balsorano de Clunieres
Chairman
THE TRAVEL CORPORATIONBrett Tollman
President & Chief Executive
TUI AGDr Michael Frenzel
Chairman of the Executive Board
WORLD TRAVEL & TOURISMCOUNCILJean-Claude Baumgarten
WYNDHAM WORLDWIDEStephen P Holmes
Chairman & CEO
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
ACCORDenis Hennequin
Chairman & CEO
AMERICAN EXPRESSCOMPANYWilliam Glenn
President, Global MerchantNetwork Group
BEIJING TOURISM GROUPQiang Duan
Chairman
BHARAT HOTELSJyotsna Suri
Chairperson & Managing Director
CARLSONHubert Joly
President, CEO & Director
EMIRATESGary Chapman
President Group Services &
Dnata, Emirates Group
ETIHAD AIRWAYSJames Hogan
CEO
HILTON WORLDWIDEChristopher J Nassetta
President & CEO
INTERCONTINENTAL HOTELSGROUP PLCRichard Solomons
Chief Executive
JUMEIRAH GROUPGerald Lawless
Executive Chairman
MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL
JW Marriott, JrChairman & CEO
Arne M Sorenson
President & CEO
MELI HOTELSINTERNATIONALSebastin Escarrer
Vice Chairman
OUTRIGGER ENTERPRISESGROUPDr Richard R Kelley
Chairman Emeritus
RIOFORTE INVESTMENTS SAManuel Fernando Esprito Santo
Chairman
SABRE HOLDINGSTom Klein
President
SHUN TAK HOLDINGSPansy Ho
Managing Director
TRAVEL GUARD WORLDWIDEJeffrey C Rutledge
Chairman & CEO
TRAVELPORTGordon Wilson
President & CEO
TSOGO SUN GROUPJabu Mabuza
Deputy Chairman
VISITBRITAINChristopher Rodrigues, CBE
Chairman
GLOBAL MEMBERS
ALTOURAlexandre Chemla
President
AMADEUS IT GROUP SALuis Maroto
President & CEO
Jose Antonio Tazn
Chairman of the Board
AVIS BUDGET GROUPRonald L Nelson
Chairman & CEO
BEIJING CAPITALINTERNATIONAL AIRPORT COZhiyi Dong
ChairmanGuanghui Zhang
President & CEO
BEIJING TOURISM GROUPYi Liu
President
BOSCOLO GROUPGiorgio Boscolo
CEO
CANNERY ROW COMPANYTed J Balestreri
Chairman & CEO
CHINA INTERNATIONALTRAVEL SERVICE, HEADOFFICE (CITS)
Rong ChenCEO
CHOICE HOTELSINTERNATIONALStephen P Joyce
President & CEO
COSTA CRUISESPier Luigi Foschi
Chairman & CEO
CTRIP.COM INTERNATIONALMin Fan
CEO
DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM &COMMERCE MARKETING,GOVERNMENT OF DUBAI
Khalid A bin SulayemDirector General
DIAMOND RESORTSStephen J Cloobeck
Chairman & CEO
DLA PIPERSir Nigel Knowles
Co-CEO
DOLPHIN CAPITALINVESTORSMiltos Kambourides
Managing Partner
DUBAILANDMohammed Al Habbai
CEO
DUBAI AIRPORTSINTERNATIONALPaul Denis Griffiths
CEO
EAST JAPAN RAILWAY
COMPANYSatoshi SeinoPresident & CEO
EXPEDIA INCDara Khosrowshahi
President & CEO
FAIRMONT RAFFLES HOTELSINTERNATIONALChris J Cahill
COO
GLOBAL BLUE GROUPPer Setterberg
President & CEO
HERTZ CORPORATIONMark Frissora
Chairman & CEO, HertzCorporation
Michel Taride
President, Hertz International &Executive Vice President, Hertz
Corporation
HNA GROUPFeng Chen
Chairman of the Board
HOGG ROBINSON GROUPDavid Radcliffe
Chief Executive
HONG KONG & SHANGHAIHOTELSClement Kwok
CEO & MD
HOTELPLAN HOLDINGHans Lerch
Vice Chairman & CEO
HUANGSHAN TOURISMGROUPJiwei Xu
Chairman
HYATT HOTELS CORPORATIONMark S Hoplamazian
President and CEO
IBMMarty Salfen
General Manager, Global Travel &Transportation Industry
INDIAN HOTELS COMPANY LTDRK Krishna Kumar
Vice Chairman
JONES LANG LASALLEHOTELS
Arthur de Haast
Global CEO
JTB CORPHiromi Tagawa
President & CEO
LEBUA HOTELS & RESORTSCO LTDRattawadee Bualert
President
Deepak Ohri
CEO
LOEWS HOTELSJonathan M Tisch
Chairman & CEO
LOS ANGELES WORLDAIRPORTSGina Marie Lindsey
Executive Director
LOTTEDong-Bin Shin
Chairman
MESSE BERLIN GMBHRaimund Hosch
President & CEO
MGM RESORTSINTERNATIONALJim Murren
CEO
MISSION HILLS GROUPDr Ken Chu
Chairman & CEO
MVENPICK HOTELS &RESORTSJean Gabriel Prs
President & CEO
NH HOTELSMariano Prez Claver
Chairman
ORBITZ WORLDWIDEBarney Harford
CEO
PAN PACIFIC HOTEL GROUPPatrick Imbardelli
President & CEO
PHOCUSWRIGHTPhilip C Wolf
President & CEO
QUNARChenchao Zhuang
Co-Founder & CEO
RADISSON EDWARDIANHOTELSJasminder Singh
Chairman & CEO
REED TRAVEL EXHIBITIONSRichard Mortimore
Managing Director
RELAIS & CHTEAUXJaume Tpies
President
R TAUCK & PARTNERSRobin Tauck
President
S-GROUP CAPITALMANAGEMENT
Vladimir Yakushev
Managing Partner
SHANGRI-LAINTERNATIONAL HOTELMANAGEMENTGreg Dogan
President & CEO
SOUTH AFRICAN AIRWAYSSizakele Mzimela
CEO
SPENCER STUARTJerry Noonan
Co-leader, Global Hospitality &Leisure Practice
STARWOOD HOTELS &RESORTS WORLDWIDE, INCFrits D van Paasschen
President & CEO
TAJ HOTELS RESORTS &PALACESRaymond Bickson
Managing Director & CEO
TAP PORTUGALFernando Pinto
CEO
TRANSAERO AIRLINESAlexander Pleshakov
CEO
UNITED AIRLINESJeff Smisek
President & CEO
Jim Compton
Executive Vice President & CEO
VIRTUOSOMatthew D Upchurch CTC
CEO
WILDERNESS SAFARISAndy Payne
CEO
ZAGAT SURVEY LLCTim Zagat
Co-Founder, Co-Chair & CEO
INDUSTRY PARTNERS
DELOITTEAdam Weissenberg
Global Segment Lead - Travel
Hospitality and Leisure
REGIONAL MEMBERS
DOURO AZULMario Ferreira
CEO
HONORARY MEMBERS
ACCORGrard Plisson
Co-Chairman, Supervisory Board
AMERICAN EXPRESSCOMPANYJonathan S Linen
Adviser to Chairman
ANDR JORDAN GROUPAndr Jordan
Chairman
FT MOORE P/LSir Frank Moore, AO
Chairman
THE HERTZ CORPORATIONFrank Olsen
Retired Chairman of the Board
NOMURA INTERNATIONALLord Colin Marshall of
Knightsbridge
Chairman
TZ ASSOCIATESTommaso Zanzotto
President
UNIVERSAL MEDIACarl Ruderman
Chairman
CHAIRMAN EMERITUS
RRE VENTURESJames D Robinson III
General PartnerWTTC Chairman (1990-1994)
IMMEDIATE PASTCHAIRMAN
GLOBAL ALLIANCE ADVISORSLLC
Vincent A Wolfington
Chairman
WTTC Chairman (2004-2007)
FORMER CHAIRMEN
INTERCONTINENTAL HOTELSGROUP PLCSir Ian Prosser
Retired Chairman
WTTC Chairman (2001-2003)
AIG INCHarvey GolubNon-Executive ChairmanWTTC Chairman (1996-2001)
ROBERT H BURNS HOLDINGSLTDRobert H Burns
ChairmanWTTC Chairman (1994-1996)
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1-2 Queen Victoria Terrace,
Sovereign Court,
London E1W 3HA
United Kingdom
Telephone: +44 (0) 20 7481 8007
Fax: +44 (0) 20 7488 1008
Email: [email protected]
tt