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DENSE + LIVEABLE STADTENTWICKLUNG NACHHALTIG UND LEBENSWERT BERLIN, 21.04.2016 PROF. HERBERT DREISEITL, DIR. RAMBOLL LIVEABLE CITIES LAB, ÜBERLINGEN KOPENHAGEN
DENSE + LIVEABLE STADTENTWICKLUNG NACHHALTIG UND LEBENSWERT BERLIN, 21.04.2016
PROF. HERBERT DREISEITL, DIR. RAMBOLL LIVEABLE CITIES LAB, ÜBERLINGEN KOPENHAGEN
HOW TO BRING BLUE-GREEN INTO GRAY CITIES ?!
URBANISATION AS A MEGATREND
Soon 2/3 of mankind will live in Cities This creates more and more pressure to Nature and the Environment Green disappears and Blue is displaces in the Underground But there are ways to integrate Green and Blue in dense Urbanisations
Data Source: United Nations, esa.un.org
URBANIZATION IS A MEGATREND
Green / Blue has not given priority - It is in danger to be eliminated !
… but often we turned the cities backside to water
Water is everywhere before it is somewhere …
Pittsburgh, USA
Nature
65-80 %
5-30%
0-5%
Agriculture
50%
35%
5-25%
Urban Area
0-30%
0 – 15% 55 - 100%
REPAIRING THE URBAN WATERBALANCE
The Current Challenges
1. Climate change
2. Traditional growing cities with increasing hard covered surfaces
3. Limited capacities of drainage facilities, economic limits for upgrading
4. Decreasing open space for green areas and open water
(http://wiki.bildungsserver.de/klimawandel/index.php/Datei:HH_prec.jpg)
Hamburg’s Statstics on Climate Change increasing storms and… longer dry and warm seasons
(http://wiki.bildungsserver.de/klimawandel/index.php/Datei:HH_temp1901-2007.jpg)
Max. 119 mm The heat island effect promotes heavy local downpours in cities
Climate Change affects mostly the water regime
FALLING INTO EXTREMES
TOO MUCH Flooding, Erosion
2013: Damage of 173 MIO Euro in German
agriculture
TOO LITTLE Heatwaves, Draught, Dust Pollution … 2003: 70.000 people died in Europe
… HOW TO FIND THE BALANCE AGAIN ?
Night Time Temperature
Source: National University of Singapore
END OF PIPE SOLUTION ELIMINATION OF WATER
INTEGRATIVE SOLUTION WATER AS A TREASURE
END OF PIPE SOLUTION
STATUS: GOAL:
(Grafik: Atelier Dreiseitl) (Grafik: Atelier Dreiseitl)
How to get to a Water Sensitive City INTEGRATION OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
EXAMPLE of HAMBURG, GERMANY | RISA Program
MEASURING LIVEABILITY
How to bring Blue-Green + Social Infrastructure into the Urban Fabric ?
Smale Scale – Big Impact
Multi-functional Layers
MEASURING LIVEABILITY
SINGAPORE CENTRAL CATCHMENT THE ART TO INTEGRATE BLUE-GREEN INTO DENSE CITIES
MEASURING LIVEABILITY
SINGAPORE CENTRAL CATCHMENT THE ART TO INTEGRATE BLUE-GREEN INTO DENSE CITIES
ENVIRON
BLUE-GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE (BGI)
BLUE\GREEN\RED FROM SEGMENTATION TO SEAMLESS INTEGRATION
DRAINAGE Single Problemsolution
RESILIENCY Sectoral dynamic Elements
FUNCTIONALITY Separated Elements parallel
INTEGRATION The Water sensitive City
built green blue
ABC Waters Principals
BLUE-GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE TOOLKIT
Ramboll Foundation ReseaRch PRoject
Enhancing BluE-grEEn and Social PErformancE in high dEnSity urBan EnvironmEntS RAMBOLL LIVEABLE CITIES LAB
Sedimentation Detention
Conveyance
Retention
Storage
Filtration
Infiltration
Recycle
QUANTITY CONTROL
QUALITY CONTROL
Biological Absorption
Evaporation
BGI´S SCALES OF IMPACT
BLUE-GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE (BGI)
O V E R RAINWATER, GREYWATER AND BLACKWATER TREATED ON BUILDING SCALE
O N TO TREAT AND MITIGATE WATER FLOW ON SURFACE OF URBAN LANDSCAPE
U N D E R UNDERGROUND WATER TREATMENT AND STORAGE
BGI – BUILDING SCALE VEGETATED ROOF
EXTERNAL GREEN FACADE
GREEN BALCONIES
Conveyance
Biological Absorption
Infiltration
Reuse
Infiltration
Storage
INTERNAL GREENERY
STORAGE AND INFILTRATION
BUILDINGS AND GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
BUILDING ENVELOPE – SHADING AND COOLING Hotel Park Royal on Pickering - Singapore
WoHa ARCHITECTS AND TIERRA LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
BUILDING ENVELOPE – SHADING AND COOLING WoHa ARCHITECTS AND TIERRA LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
BUILDINGS AND GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
BUILDING ENVELOPE – SHADING AND COOLING WoHa ARCHITECTS AND TIERRA LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
BGI´S SCALES OF IMPACT
BLUE-GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE (BGI)
O N TO TREAT AND MITIGATE WATER FLOW ON SURFACE OF URBAN LANDSCAPE
BGI – NEIGHBORHOOD SCALE
MEASURING LIVEABILITY
OSTFILDERN SCHARNHAUSER PARK – MULTIFUNKTIONALE NUTZUNG DER FREIRÄUME
Regenwasserbehandlung sauberer Ablauf ins Gewässer
Verdunstung
Versickerung, Reinigung und Retention
(Grafik: Atelier Dreiseitl)
Water management at Kronsberg - Estate in Hannover, World EXPO 2000
HANGALLEEN, KRONSBERG, HANNOVER
© Dreiseitl
Zollhallenplatz Freiburg, Germany
© Barrett Dogherty
BGI´S SCALES OF IMPACT
BLUE-GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE (BGI)
U N D E R UNDERGROUND WATER TREATMENT AND STORAGE
BGI – UNDERGROUND SCALE
Potsdamer Platz Berlin - Freianlagen mit Urbanem Gewässer
CIRCULATION SYSTEM Postdamer Platz
ATELIER DREISEITL ATELIER DREISEITL
View over Water surface and Cleansing Biotope
POTSDAMER PLATZ Berlin, Germanz
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN ACHIEVEMENTS
Potsdamer Platz
LITANG CULTURAL PARK Tianjin, China
51
TCP under construction 2011.05-2010.03
LITANG CULTURAL PARK, Tianjin, China
LITANG CULTURAL PARK Tianjin, China
BLUE WATER RESOURCES
GREEN NATURAL HABITAT
RED PEOPLE’S WELLBEING
BLUE-GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE (BGI)
COMBINATION OF BLUE AND GREEN - DESIGNED FOR PEOPLE
Ramboll Foundation ReseaRch PRoject
Enhancing BluE-grEEn and Social PErformancE in high dEnSity urBan EnvironmEntS RAMBOLL LIVEABLE CITIES LAB
HOW DO WE KNOW IF A CITY IS LIVEABLE?
ENVIRON
THE SUBJECTIVE AND RELATIVE NATURE OF THE TERM VARY BETWEEN GROUPS AND INDIVIDUALS ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT AND SHIFTING PERCEPTIONS, VALUES AND DESIRES.
Image: 14karatliving 2012 Lowe, M., Whitzman, C., Badland, H., Davern, M., Hes, D., Aye, L., Butterworth, I., Giles-Corti, B. 2013
Liveability describes the FRAME CONDITIONS
of a DECENT LIFE for all inhabitants of cities,
regions and communities including their
PHYSICAL and MENTAL WELLBEING.
Liveability is based on the principle of
RAMBØLL´S DEFINITION OF LIVEABILITY
SUSTAINABILITY and SMART and thus is sensitive to nature and the protection
of its ressource. The special focus to improve liveability is to take all DIMENSIONS
that are relevant to liveability into account: the PHYSICAL, the SOCIAL and the
CULTURAL. We start from our global perspective but are most sensitive about the
specifics and characteristics of the local situation. We strive for a LOCAL APPROACH.
MOST RELEVANT INDICATORS
income employment housing freedom education life expectancy
environmental quality
infrastructure safety services climate healthcare economic growth
stability
happiness life satisfaction
family well-being
leisure well-being
spiritual well-being
quality of work life
social well-being
the good society
psychological well-being
quality of home life
Standard of Living Quality of Life
HOW TO OVERCOME SOCIETAL DISEASES?
2.1 billion people are overweight or obese
Just 33 years earlier they were 857 million
50% of Children in the world, more and more in developing countries.
… BUT CAN ALSO DESTROY OUR SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
BURNOUT – DAYS OF ILLNESS
• In the EU, the cost of stress at work and the related mental health problems was
estimated to be between 3% and 4% of gross national product (€ 265 billion annually)
• The National Institute of Mental Health in the US conservatively estimates the total costs
associated with serious mental illness and job stress to be in excess of
$300 billion per year (absenteeism, diminished productivity, employee turnover and
direct medical, legal and insurance fees)
• The cumulative global impact of mental disorders in terms of lost economic output will amount to $16.3 trillion between 2011 and 2030
PERSPECTIVE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
RAINWATER TREATMENT PARK PORTLAND OG USA
Pearl District in Portland
PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT IN PLANNING
ACTIVITY MULTIFUNCTIONAL PORTLAND OG USA
STRESS RECOVERY RATES
5,6,7 8
5,6,7 8
Geo-textile wrapped Soil-lifts with branch layers
PILOT STUDY - CONSTRUCTION
Construction
Bioengineering Workshop, 8. Jan 2009
2008
2013
KALLANG RIVER Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park Rain Event 4th May 2011
KALLANG RIVER
BRINGING NATURE TO DOWNTOWN SINGAPORE
Image: Dreiseitl
MEASURING LIVEABILITY
1. ULU PANDAN PC, CONCRETE
2. ULU PANDAN PC, GREEN
3. BISHAN-ANG MO KIO PARK
SOCIAL CAPITAL: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GENERAL TRUST IN OTHER PEOPLE AND TRUST IN OTHER PEOPLE IN THE PARK
0,17
-0,04
0,12
-0,05
0,00
0,05
0,10
0,15
0,20
BAMKP UPPC Green UPPC Concrete
This graph shows that people in
BAMKP tend to trust other park users
more than they trust people in
general. People in the green part of
UPPC on the other hand, trust people
in that park less than people in
general.
SOCIAL CAPITAL: HOW CLOSE DO YOU FEEL TO OTHER PEOPLE WHILE IN THE PARK (ON A SCALE FROM 1 TO 5)?
3,59
3,36
3,29
3,10
3,15
3,20
3,25
3,30
3,35
3,40
3,45
3,50
3,55
3,60
3,65
BAMKP UPPC Green UPPC Concrete
SYMBOLIC CAPITAL: IS THIS PLACE IMPORTANT FOR THE IMAGE OF SINGAPORE?
Percentage of park users that think the place is important for the image of Singapore
98%
88% 90%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
BAMKP UPPC Green UPPC Concrete
RAMBOLL LIVEABLE CITIES LAB PROF. HERBERT DREISEITL BETTINA WANSCHURA NUßDORFER STRASSE 9 88662 ÜBERLINGEN GERMANY TEL +49 7551 30833-0 [email protected] www.ramboll.com/lcl
N ATIONAL U NIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE PROF. NIRMAL KISHNANI PROF. TAN PUAY YOK GIOVANNI COSSU
CYNTHIA NG
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF T ECHNOLOGY PROF. JAMES WESCOAT KAREN
NOIVA
SMITA RAWOOT ALEX
MARKS
Z EPPELIN U NIVERSITÄT
H ARVARD U NIVERSITY
PROF. DR. MANFRED MOLDASCHL
PROF. DR. ECKHARD SCHRÖTER
MATTHIAS WÖRLEN
DR. JÖRG RÖBER
JOYCE KLEIN ROSENTHAL, PHD
LAYOUT, ILLUSTRATIONS AND GRAPHICS: GIOVANNI COSSU, NUS SINGAPORE
PARTNER UNIVERSITIES
THE CASE STUDY APPROACH
THE CASE STUDY APPROACH
THE CASE STUDY APPROACH
Copenhagen, cloudburst
THE CASE STUDY APPROACH: THE EXPANDED PROCESS MODEL
AGENTS WHO TAKE INITIATIVE FOR BGI- IMPLEMENTATION:
PERSONS/LEADERS, INSTITUTIONS AND OR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES THAT
GAVE RISE TO THE BGI INQUIRY (E.G., CRISIS, HAZARDS,
POLLUTION) TO UNDERSTAND MOTIVES,
TARGETS AND RESOURCES FOR BGI-IMPLEMENTATION
TECHNICAL TOOLS, LEGAL REGULATIONS, POLITICAL AND
SOCIAL AWARENESS, FINANCIAL SUPPORT THAT
HAD A SECONDARY EFFECT AS LEVER FOR BGI- IMPLEMENTATION
ANTI-BGI AGENTS/ INSTITUTIONS, DESIGN
STANDARDS OR POLICY PROGRAMS THAT WORK AGAINST
BGI
RESEARCH FINDINGS ON CAPITAL AND VALUES
WHAT IS THE ADDED VALUE OF BLUE-GREEN?
RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPLEMENT BGI
BLUE-GREEN INFRASTRUCTURES
STRUCTURAL CAPACITY
OPPORTUNITIES
BASIC CONDITIONS
INNOVATIVE FINANCING
SKILLS & KNOWLEDGE
CULTURAL CAPACITY
STRONG VISION & INNOVATION
RECOMMENDATIONS - STRONG VISION AND INNOVATION
A strong vision is the engine for change! • Make efforts in public relations and convince about
benefits of BGI
• Use visions of livability and prosperity to show the advantages of BGI (Green city vision, Biophilia, Sustainable Urban Design, Water Sensitive City)
• All involved parties have to understand the importance
• Showing the benefits of a BGI-projects in a bigger story has proven to be effective (contribution to other challenges, support win-win situations to modernize and upgrade the quality of a city)
• Involvement of people from the neighborhood fosters public awareness and civic support
• Identification with a spot elicits volunteerism and BGI advocacy
RECOMMENDATIONS – CULTURAL CAPACITY
Share problem perception and value patterns with involved actors (=the cultural fit)
• Investing in a BGI-orientated collective mind-set takes a long breath, but in the end it pays for all
• Shared professional socialization, similar educational or social backgrounds of decision makers lower costs of coordinating and cooperation
• Commit ‘boundary spanners’
• Invest in education for BGI
• Create or support professional BGI-networks
• Employ a participatory approach in public policy
Integrate ownership and strong leadership
• Responsibility for BGI implementation often is vertically and/or horizontally fragmented
• Designate a specific permanent BGI function to counteract fragmentation
• Commit a skilful political entrepreneur with a strong voice to care about BGI-implementation
• Put water agencies in charge for BGI and install a permanent BGI function
• BGI projects are often highly reputational – use this argument to win strong supporters
RECOMMENDATIONS – STRUCTURAL CAPACITY
Overcome Silo Mentality
• Share information and knowledge across departments
• Promote policy integration and inter-agency coordination to ensure knowledge exchange
• Support professionals who can transcend institutional boundaries
• Support special interdisciplinary training programs and workshops, staff rotation and career programs
• Support BGI-related professional networks and associations across departments
RECOMMENDATIONS – STRUCTURAL CAPACITY
MEASURING LIVEABILITY
THE ART OF INTEGRATION
Overcoming traditional silos Cooperation with teams about social,
physical and cultural targets
Create Partnerships • Build effective collaborative working relationships
with external actors to enhance strategic capacity!
• Establish networks with a specific BGI focus and regard them as resources irrespective of single projects
• Push BGI-networking on an institutional level e.g. by platforms or clearing houses
RECOMMENDATIONS – STRUCTURAL CAPACITY
RECOMMENDATIONS – OPPORTUNITIES
Look for windows of opportunity to initiate BGI
Cities are in permanent adaptation process and renewal to cope with challenges. These changes are relevant “gateways” to implement BGI. Actual challenges are:
• Water related health problems
• Climate change and flood protection, and heat island effects
• Biodiversity loss
• Need for renovation or upgrading of old, grey infrastructure
To avoid old habits awareness and courage are needed. The comparative cost advantage of a newly build BGI instead of renovation is usually very significant.
„The risks are mounting. Climate change is warming our oceans, making extreme storms more likely, and rising seas are increasing the threat to coastal communities.“ (The New York Times – Oct 28th)
Bisgaard Landskab
Kapacitet i alt 7.600 m3 M3-pris ca. 6.850 DKK
RECOMMENDATIONS – SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE
Build up an internal stock of knowledge
Integrating blue, green and social elements in the urban landscape requires experience, detailed expertise and the generalist’s ability to coordinate all parts of the complex implementation.
• Use external expertise in an early stage (to develop guidelines, best practice examples and handbooks with recommendations and toolboxes)
• Build up from there an internal stock of knowledge
• Have support from interdisciplinary professionals who can transcend institutional boundaries to create a successful planning culture (see cultural capacity)
• Asses the hydraulic and ecological risk in the final implementation plan
RECOMMENDATIONS – SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE Learning from pilot projects is decisive
Pilot projects shall be able to become paradigm examples with a high relevance to other cases
• Execute experiments to deepen the understanding of opportunities and needs of BGI under local conditions
• Serve as long-term references and are highly effective to realize a BGI planning culture
• Unfold the long-term financial, social and ecological benefits
• Important key officials and wider public can be convinced of the feasibility of BGI
• Document all relevant steps and evaluate after the completion to demonstrate the performance
Risk: To be seen exceptional and not reachable under normal conditions
sØnæs
before
after
A traditional project underground would cost 102 mio. DKK This procreative project did cost in total 72 mio. DKK
From 75 users per day (it was a soccer field before) to 1500 users per day now the number of Visitors did increase 20 times !
Leadership
Financing
Management
Aesthetics
Acceptance
>> Convincing Argumentation
HOW TO IMPLEMENT?
THANK YOU
Prof. Herbert Dreiseitl, Liveable Cities Lab / Ramboll www.ramboll.com/LCL
