Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic

Introduction

Dental Caries is a disease in which the calcified tissue of the tooth undergo modification.

It is characterized by demineralization of the inorganic components of the tooth, leadin to cavity formation and loss of tooth

ETIOLOGYFour Factors

1. Host 2. Diet 3. Time 4. Microbial Flora

Host Structure of enamel and the nature of saliva

plays an impotant role in dental caries.Structure of enamel make some areas of the

enamel susceptible to caries.The continous flow of saliva prevents

accumulation of micro organisms and also it neutralizes the acid produced by bacteria.

Diet Microflora in the oral cavity ferment dietary

carbohydrates with the production of acid which destroys the dental tissue.

All carbohydrates are carcinogenic but some havehigh carcinogenicity, such as sucrose.

It prolongs the maintenance of a low ph on the tooth surface.

TimeThe Length of time that this acidic

environment(low ph) is sustained to damage the enamel is extremely important in occurrence of dental caries.

Microbial Flora

Dental caries is caused mainly due to Streptococcus mutans.

Also caused by Lactobacillus

Streptococcus mutans

Lactobacillus acidophillus

PreventionIt is based on the control of one or more

components of dental caries.1.Reduction of microbial flora by oral hygiene

and use of antimicrobials.2.Regular Brushing may prevent stagnation of

food debris.3.Control the dietary intake of Carbohydrates.4.Removal of dental plaque by mechanical

methods(scaling)

Test To Assess Dental CariesThere Is no specific test for assessment of

dental caries.However , salivary counts of S.mutans and

Lactobacillus have been used for the detection of patients who are at higher risk for developing caries.

It can lead to prevention and may reduce the extensive costly oral treatment.

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