DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS FOR M.Sc. 2 Year … · 2020-04-24 · Department of...

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

SYLLABUS FOR

M.Sc. 2 Year Biotechnology (Semester I to IV)

(Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System) Effective from session 2019-2020 all batches

SRI

GURU GRANTH SAHIB WORLD UNIVERSITY

FATEHGARH SAHIB

Department of Biotechnology M.Sc. (Biotechnology) 2 year Effective from session 2019-2020 all batches

1

EXAMINATION SCHEME

External:

Theory: 75 Marks

Practical: 38 Marks

1. The paper should consist of three sections A, B and C.

2. Section A should comprise of nine questions of three (3) marks each from the whole

syllabus (Part I and Part II) and it is compulsory to attempt all the questions.

3. Section B will be have four questions of twelve (12) marks each from Part I of syllabus

and a student is required to attempt any two.

4. Section C will have four questions of twelve (12) marks each from Part II of syllabus and

a student is required to attempt any two questions from this section.

Internal Assessment:

THEORY (25 Marks)

Weightage of First mid Semester Test : 6.5 Marks

Weightage of Second mid Semester Test : 6.5 Marks

Weightage of Seminars/Assignments/Quiz : 09 Marks

Class Performance/Weightage of Attendance : 03 Marks

PRACTICAL (12 Marks)

Lab performance = 6 marks

Practical Notebook = 3 marks Lab attendance = 3 marks


2

SCHEME OF TEACHING

M.Sc. Biotechnology Semester I

COURS

E CODE

COURSE

NO.

TITLE SCHEDULE OF TEACHING CREDIT MAXIMUM MARKS

Lecture Tutorial Practical Internal External

C1 MBT – 101 Microbiology and

Microbial Genetics

4 0 0 4 25 75

C2 MBT – 102 Biomolecules and

Metabolism

4 0 0 4 25 75

C3 MBT – 103 Molecular Cell Biology 4 0 0 4 25 75

C4 MBT – 104 Molecular Genetics

and Genomics

4 0 0 4 25 75

DSE MBT –

105E

4 0 0 4 25 75

C1L MBT –

106L

Microbiology and

Microbial Genetics Lab

0 0 3 2 12 38

C2L MBT –

107L

Biochemistry and

Metabolism lab

0 0 3 2 12 38

C3L MBT –

108L

Molecular Cell Biology

lab

0 0 3 2 12 38

C4L MBT –

109L

Molecular Genetics

and Genomics lab

0 0 3 2 12 38

24 12 28 173 527

TOTAL 700

C: Core Courses; GE: General Elective; DSE: Discipline Specific Elective

*: GE subjects are to be selected by the students from the pool of GE Subjects offered by various

Departments of the University (minimum students in each group should be 10).

Discipline Specific Elective:

1. Biomass Characterization (SWAYAM MOOCs)

2. Advanced Fermentation Technology


3

M.Sc. Biotechnology Semester II

COURSE

CODE COURSE NO. TITLE

SCHEDULE OF TEACHING CREDIT

MAXIMUM

MARKS


C1 MBT – 201 Bioinformatics 4 0 0 4 25 75

C2 MBT – 202 Genetic engineering 4 0 0 4 25 75

C3 MBT – 203

Biophysics and

analytical techniques 4 0 0 4 25 75

DSE MBT – 204E 4 0 0 4 25 75

GE1 MBT – 205E

4 0 0 4 25 75

C1L MBT – 206L Bioinformatics Lab

0 0 3 2 12 38

C2L MBT – 207L

Genetic engineering

Lab

0 0 3 2 12 38

C3L

MBT – 208L

Biophysics and

analytical techniques

lab

0 0 3 2 12 38

20 9 26 161 489

TOTAL 650



Departments of the University(minimum students in each group should be 10).


1. Academic Writing (SWAYAM-MOOCs)

2. Stem Cell Technology


4

M.Sc. Biotechnology Semester III

COURSE

CODE COURSE

NO. TITLE


MAXIMUM MARKS


C1 MBT – 301

Animal & Plant

Biotechnology 4 0 0 4 25 75

C2 MBT – 302

Bioprocess engineering

and technology 4 0 0 4 25 75

C3 MBT – 303

Immunology and

Immunotechnology 4 0 0 4 25 75

DSE MBT – 304E 4 0 0 4 25 75

GE2 MBT – 305E 4 0 0 4 25 75

C1L MBT – 306L

Animal & Plant

Biotechnology Lab

0 0 3 2 12 38

C2L MBT – 307L

Bioprocess engineering

and technology Lab

0 0 3 2 12 38

C3L MBT – 308L

Immunology and

Immunotechnology Lab

0 0 3 2 12 38

20 9 26 161 489

TOTAL 650



Departments of the University (minimum students in each group should be 10).


1. Biostatistics & Mathematical Biology (SWAYAM MOOCs)

2. Advance Genomics & Proteomics


5

M.Sc. Biotechnology Semester IV

COURSE

CODE COURSE

NO. TITLE


MAXIMUM MARKS


C1

MBT –

401

Research Ethics

(SWAYAM-MOOCs) 4 0 0 4 25 75

C2 MBT –

402

Drug Development and

Clinical Trials 4 0 0 4 25 75

C4 MBT –

403 Seminar/Journal club 0 2 0 2 50

C5 MBT –

404 Major project/Dissertation 32 16 50 200

8 2 - 26 200 350

TOTAL 550


6

Semester I

Course Code: MBT –101 Title: Microbiology and Microbial Genetics

[SGGSWU – DBT] L/T/P: 4/0/0

Objective: To introduce the students with various aspects of basic and applied microbiology.

Outcome: Will help in understanding the basic principles of microbiology. Microbial diversity, systematics and role of microbes in diseases and environment.

Relevance: This theory knowledge will help in execution of microbiology related research and opens more research as well as industrial job opportunities for the students.

Unit I

Microbiology: Definition, history and development of microbiology, scope and relevance of microbiology,

Bacterial Classification and Diversity: Importance of taxonomy conventional and modern methods.;

classification of bacteria according to Bergey’s Manual, polyphasic approach of bacterial classification, 16S

rRNA, genomic similarity - content of guanine (G)+ cytosine (C) (%GC)., DNA-DNA homology, Fatty acid

analysis; archaea as the earliest life forms, archaea vs eubacteria, bacteria producing important secondary

metabolites

Prokaryotic Cells: Structure-function: Cell walls of eubacteria and related molecules, outer membrane of gram-

negative and gram-positive bacteria bacteria, capsules, slime layers, Pili, fimbriae & flagella, sporulation &

regeneration of bacteria. Microbial nutrition, culture media, isolation of pure culture, Microbial Growth:

definition of growth, mathematical expression of growth, growth curve, diauxic & synchronous growth,

continuous culture, growth as affected by environmental factors like temperature, acidity, alkalinity, water

availability & oxygen. Control of microorganisms: Physical agents, chemical agents.

Unit II

Microbial Genetics: Transformation, transduction, conjugation, RecA, plasmids, their replication, copy number

and compatibility, drug resistance; transposons. Molecular Virology: General characteristics, classification, ultra

structure, isolation, purification & assay of viruses, viroids; virulent and temperate bacteriophages, genome

organization and expression of bacteriophages (T4, Mu, X174, M13), - lytic cascades and lysogenic repression.

Applied Microbiology

Introduction to microbial pathogen: Pathogenesis of infectious diseases caused by various micro-organisms

like bacteria (Staphylococci, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Clostridium), Parasites (Plasmodium,

Leishmania) and Viruses (Hepatitis, HIV). Soil Microbiology: Bio-geochemical activities of microorganisms, transformation of nitrogen, Carbon and

Sulfur. Aquatic Microbiology, microorganisms in aquatic environment and techniques employed for their study.

Biopesticides. Metagenomics.

Air Microbiology: Indoor and outdoor air, microbiological techniques for measurement of air contamination,

control of airborne infections.

Aquatic Microbiology: microorganisms in aquatic environment and techniques employed for their study.

Biopesticides.

References: (Latest Edition)

1. Microbiology by Prescott L.M., Harley J.P. and Klein D.A., 5th Edition, McGraw Hill, USA, 2003.

2. Microbiology by Pelczar M.J., Chan E.C.S. and Krieg N.R., Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1993.

3. Food Microbiology by Adam M. R. and Moss, 2nd edition, Panima Publication, New Delhi, 2003.

4. Modern Food Microbiology by Jay J.M., CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 1996.

5. Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers by Doyle M.P., Beuchat L.R. and Montville T.J., 2nd

Edition, ASM Press Washington D.C., 2001.

6. Textbook of Microbiology by Ananthanarayan And Paniker, Orient Blackswan, 2006.

7. Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual, 7th

edition, Cappuccino Pearson Education India, 2007.

8. Textbook of Microbiology by R. Vasanthakumari, BI Publications Pvt Ltd, 2007.

9. Textbook of Microbiology & Immunology by Parija, Elsevier India, 2009.

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Ananthanarayan+And+Paniker%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Cappuccino%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22R.+Vasanthakumari%22


7

Course Code: MBT-102 Title: Biomolecules and Metabolism


Objective of Subject: To learn about the properties of biomolecules and their metabolism

Outcome of Subject: Understanding of structures and functions of biomolecules and their metabolic pathways. Relevance of Subject: To understand the biochemical basis to maintain health and diseases.

Unit I

Carbohydrates Structure: Classification, characteristics and functions of monosaccharides,

disaccharidespolysaccharides. Epimers, isomers, anomers, chiral carbon atom, chair and boat form,

glucopyranose and fructopyranose.

Metabolism: General scheme of metabolism, historical and experimental details in derivation of a metabolic

pathway.

Glycolysis - Aerobic and anaerobic, regulation of glycolysis. Krebs cycle and its regulation; Hexose

monophosphate shunt, Cori cycle. Glycogenesis, glycogenolysis and their regulation. Gluconeo genesis.

Proteins Structure: Classification of proteins according to biological functions (Enzymes, transport, storage,

contractile, structural, defense and regulatory).

Ramchandran plot.

Secondary structure- Alpha helix and beta pleated structure, triple helix (collagen) and supersecondary

structures.Tertiary structure - Forces stabilising tertiary structure, prediction of secondary and tertiary structure.

Dynamics of protein folding, Role of molecular chaperones in protein folding .Quaternary structure - Forces

stabilising quaternary structure. Structure function relationship -myoglobin and hemoglobin.

Metabolism: Amino acid and protein metabolism- Transamination, oxidative deamination, biosynthesis of

nutritionally non-essential amino acids; Amino acid oxidation and production of urea- pathways of amino acid

degradation, metabolic fates of amino groups and nitrogen excretion; Urea cycle: Biosynthesis and regulation

Unit II

Lipids: Definition and classification of lipids. Fatty acids - General formula, nomenclature and chemical

properties structure, function and properties of simple, complex, acylglycerols, phosphoglycerides,

sphingolipids, waxes, terpenes, steroids and prostaglandins.

Metabolism: Beta oxidation - Pathway and regulation. Role of acyl carnitine in fatty acyl transport.

Synthesis of fatty acid - Structure and composition of fatty acid synthetase complex, pathway and regulation.

synthesis of triacyl glycerides.

Ketone bodies - Formation and utilization.

Nucleic Acids: Structure of nucleoside, nucleotide.

Experimental evidence for nucleic acids as genetic material.

Secondary structure of DNA, Watson and Crick model of DNA.

A, B and Z forms of DNA, Tm and its relation to GC content.

Metabolism: Purine, pyrimidine Synthesis:De novo and salvage pathways. References:

1. Biochemistry by V. Voet and J.G. Voet, 3rd edition, John Wiley, New York, 2004.

2. Principles of Biochemistry by A.L. Lehninger, 4th edition, W.H Freeman and Company, 2004.

3. Biochemistry by L. Stryer, 5th edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, 2002.

4. Biochemistry by G. Zubay, 4th edition, W.C. Brown Publishers, 1998.

5. Biochemistry by Laurence A. Moran, K.G. Scrimgeour, H. R. Horton, R.S. Ochs and J. David, 2nd edition,

Neil Patterson Publishers Prentice Hall, 1994.

6. Biochemistry by R.H. Garrett and C.M. Grisham, 2nd edition, Saunders college Publishing, NY, 1999.

7. Harper’s Biochemistry by R.K. Murray, P.A. Hayes, D.K. Granner, P.A. Mayes and V.W. Rodwell,

Prentice Hall International, 2000.


8

Course Code: MBT-103 Title: Molecular Cell Biology


Objective of Subject: To introduce the students about fundamentals of biology as some of the students have non-medical background also.

Outcome of Subject: Helps in better understanding of the evolution of living organisms, their composition and functioning etc.

Relevance of Subject: Students will understand the structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as importance of their different components especially of macromolecules, membranes and organelles. This course will also enlighten their knowledge about various techniques used in cell biology.

Unit I

History of cell biology: Development of cell theory

Diversity of cell size and shape: General organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Morphological

diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Origin of cells: Assembly of macromolecules (proteins and nucleic acid), mechanism of assembly, evolutionary

steps in the origin of cells (Chemical evolution).

Microscopic techniques for study of cells: Bright field, Fluorescence, Phase contrast, DIC, dark field,

Polarization, Confocal and Deconvolution. Electron Microscopy: TEM, SEM, AFM, STEM, Preparation of

samples for EM. Applications of Light Microscopy and EM in cell biology.

Sub cellular fractionation: Fractionation and marker enzymes and functional integrity, FACS, separation

techniques for proteins from membranes.

Cellular organelles: Plasma membranes, cell wall, their structural organization; mitochondria; chloroplast;

Nucleus and other organelles and their organization.

Transport of nutrients, ions and macromolecules across membranes: Active and passive transport, Different

classes of pumps (F, P, V, ABC superfamily) and their mechanism. Cellular energy transactions: Role of

mitochondria and chloroplas ts.

Unit – II

Cell cycle and its regulation: Molecular events and model systems (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. Pombe,

Xenopus laevis, Mammals).

Cellular responses to environmental signals in plants and animals : Mechanism of signal transduction;

Signal Transduction in plants in response to phytohormones; G protein -coupled receptor signalling pathway-

cAMP, phosphoinositol; Enzyme-linked receptor-mediated signalling pathways-Ras/MAPK, JAK-STAT, TGF

β/SMAD, NF-κB; Other Signalling pathways - Wnt Signalling pathway, Hedgehog, Delta-Notch,mTOR, Toll-

like Receptor Signalling pathway.

Developmental Biology-Basics of development, Differentiation of germ layers, cellular polarity,

gametogenesis and fertilization, control of body segmentation: developmental control genes in Drosophila and

the role of Hox genes, Maternal & Zygotic gene eefects.

Cell motility: Cilia, flagella of eukaryotes and prokaryotes, their molecular mechanism Biosynthesis of proteins

in eukaryotic cell.

Intracellular protein trafficking; ER, Golgi vesicles, Lysosomes.

Cellular basis of differentiation and Development: Meiosis, Gametogenesis, fertilization and up to formation

of three germinal layers (in human).


1. Cell and molecular biology concepts & experiments (2008) by Gerald Karp (John Wiley).

2. Molecular biology of cell (2009) by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith

Roberts, Peter Walter (Garland Science).

3. The world of the cell (2009) by Wayne M. Becker, Lewis J. Kleinsmith, Jeff Hardin, Gregory Paul Bertoni,

(Pearson education Inc. Pearson/Benjamin Cummings).

4. Molecular cell biology (2008) by Harvey F. Lodish, Arnold Berk, Chris A. Kaiser, Monty Krieger, Matthew

P. Scott (Anthony Bretscher W.H. Freeman).

5. Biology, concept & applications (2008) by Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers (Lisa Starr

Brooks/Cole).

6. Lewin Genes XII, welfth Edition Includes Navigate 2 Advantage Access


9

Course Code: MBT-104 Title: Molecular Genetics and Genomics


Objective: To impart in depth knowledge of i) essential processes of replication, transcription and

translation, ii) structure of DNA and mRNA iii) DNA damage and repair iv) regulation of gene

expression v) genomics

Relevance: Molecular genetics is a fast-paced field which includes genetic engineering, genomics,

and related areas. Biological function at the molecular level is particularly emphasized in this course.

Outcome: This course will help young researchers in the exploration of current research in cell

biology, immunology, neurobiology, genomics, and molecular medicine.

Unit – I

Introduction to molecular biology and genetics: Basic techniques in molecular biology, chemical structure &

base composition of nucleic acids, A, B and Z- DNA, double helical structures, forces stabilizing nucleic acid

structure, super coiled DNA, properties of DNA, nucleic acid hybridization – cot curves

DNA replication: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication, mechanisms of DNA replication, enzymes and

accessory proteins involved in DNA replication.

DNA repair and recombination: Homologous & non-homologous recombination, Holiday junction, gene

targeting, gene disruption, FLP/FRT and Cre/Lox recombination, recA and other recombinases.

Transcription: Prokaryotic transcription, eukaryotic transcription, general and specific transcription factors,

regulatory elements and mechanisms of transcription regulation, transcriptional and post -transcriptional gene

silencing.

Translation: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic, the translation machinery, mechanisms of initiation, elongation and

termination, regulation of translation, co-and posttranslational modifications of proteins.

Unit – II

Molecular mapping of genome: Genetic and physical maps, physical mapping and map-based cloning, choice

of mapping population, simple sequence repeat loci, southern and fluorescence in situ hybridization for genome

analysis, chromosome micro dissection and micro cloning, molecular markers in genome analysis: RFLP,

RAPD and AFLP analysis, molecular markers linked to disease resistance genes. Application of RFLP in

forensic, disease prognosis, genetic counseling. Pedigree analysis.

Genome sequencing: Genome sizes, organelle genomes, genomic libraries and strategies for sequencing genes

& genome, next generation sequencing & its applications, application of sequence information for identification

of defective genes

Comparative genomics : gene evolution, exon shuffling, domain analysis.

Introductory Pharmacogenomics: ADME, effect of genetic variation on drug responses, β2 adrenergic

receptor, MDR, Cytochrome P450.

Transcriptome analysis: Preparation and applications of EST and SAGE.

Introduction to Nutri-genomics.


1. Molecular cloning: a Laboratory Manual (4th

Edition) by Michael R Green and J. Sambrook, Cold Spring

Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 2012.

2. Lewin’s Gene XII by Jocelyn E. Krebs, Elliott S. Goldstein and Stephen T. Kilpatrick, 12th

Edition,Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2017.

3. Genomes 4 by TA Brown, 4th Edition, Taylor & Francis, 2017. 4. Molecular cell biology by Harvey Lodish, Arnold Berk, Chris A. Kaiser, Monty Krieger, Anthony

Bretscher, 8th

Edition, W.H. Freeman, 2016. 5. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments by Gerald Karp, Janet Iwasa, Wallace

Marshall, 8th

Edition, Wiley, 2015. 6. Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, 6

th Edition, Garland Science, 2014.

7. Molecular Biology of the Gene by James D. Watson, Tania A. Baker, Alexander Gann, Michael Levine, Richard Losick, 7th Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2013.


10

Course Code: MBT-105E DSE1 Title: Advanced Fermentation Technology [SGGSWU – DBT] L/T/P: 4/0/0

Objective of Subject: To gain knowledge about biological and biochemical technology, with a focus on biological products, the design and operation of industrial processes

Outcome of Subject: Helps in the acquisition of experimental knowhow of microbial production of various industrial products such as alcohol, antibiotics etc. and to develop an understanding of process control, upstream and downstream process.

Relevance of Subject: The study of the course open avenues in the field of Food-biotechnology, microbiology, pharmaceutical, chemical, and biofuel companies

Unit – I

Raw materials: Substrates for microbial and food fermentations; Chemical and biological control of raw

materials; Storage, transport and homogenization.

Starter cultures: Procedures for aseptic inoculation of industrial fermenters, Inoculum developmental

techniques.

Fermentation: Types (Submerged, surface and solid substrate fermentation), factors affecting fermentations.

Microbial transformation: Practical aspects, types of biotransformation, biocatalysis in organic solvents,

steroid biotransformations, applications of biotransformations in biotechnology.

Recombinant fermentations: Strategies for fermentation with recombinant organisms, selection of host cells,

instability of recombinant plasmids, assessment of plasmid stability in host cells, proposals to ensure stability of

recombinant plasmids, examples of genetically modified organisms.

Unit – II

Microbial polysaccharides: Fermentative production of xanthan gums, pullulan, dextran and cyclodextrins.

Biofuels: Fermentative production of liquid fuels -ethanol, acetone and butanol; Factors affecting production of

biofuels.

Pharmaceutical products: Fermentative production of penicillin, cephalosporins, vancomycin, erythromycin

and streptomycin; Vaccines-types, fermentative production of live/attenuated vaccines and recombinant

vaccines.

Vitamins: Fermentative production of thiamin (B-1), riboflavin (B-2) and cobalamin (B-12), Ascorbic acid.

Biosurfactants: Classification and chemical nature, fermentative production and factors affecting it,

applications.

Biopesticides/bioinsecticides: Production and applications of microbial and viral biopesticides/bioinsecticides.

Biofertilizers: Industrial production of Rhizobium inoculants, Azotobacter, Azospirillium, blue-green algae,

phosphate solubilizers and mycorrhizal fungi.


1. Biotechnology, Volume 3, 6, 7, 8a and 8b by H.-J. Rehm and G. Reed, VCH, Germany (2001).

2. Comprehensive Biotechnology, Volume 1 and 2 by M. Moo Young, Pergamon Press, UK (2011).

3. Comprehensive Food Fermentation Biotechnology, Volume 1 and 2 by A. Pandey, C. Larroche, G.

Gnansounou, C.R. Soccol and C.-G. Dussap, Asiatech Publishers, India (2010).

4. Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology by M. El-Mansi and E.M.T. El-Mansi, Taylor & Francis, USA

(2012).

5. Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, R.H. Baltz, Julian E. Davies and Arnold L. Demain,

ASM Press, USA (2010).

6. Microbial Biotechnology by A.N. Glazer and H. Nikaido, W.H. Freeman and Company, USA (1995).

7. Prescott and Dunn’s Industrial Microbiology by G. Reed, CBS Publishers and Distributors, India (2004).


11

Course Code: MBT – 106L Title: Microbiology and Microbial Genetics Lab

[SGGSWU-DBT] L/T/P: 0/0/3

1. Aseptic techniques: Cleaning of glassware, preparation preparation of media, cotton plugging and

sterilization.

2. Preparation of Liquid and solid media for growth of microorganisms.

3. Isolation of microorganisms from personal hygiene: hands, tooth-scum.

4. Isolation of microorganisms from air, water and soil.

5. Isolation and maintenance of microorganisms by plating streaking and serial dilutions.

6. To perform gram staining of isolated bacteria.

7. To perform spore staining of spore forming bacteria.

8. To plot growth curve for bacteria by turbidity and serial dilution methods.

9. To perform motility assay for motile bacteria by Hanging Drop Method.

10. Determination of antibiotic sensitivity of microbes.


1. Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual, 7

th edition, Cappuccino Pearson Education India, 2007.

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Cappuccino%22


12

Course Code: MBT – 107L Title: Biomolecules and Metabolism Lab


1. Application of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for preparing buffers.

2. Titration of amino acids for calculating their pKa values.

3. Estimation of sugars by Anthrone and Bradford method .

4. Determination of acid value

5. Determination of saponification of a fat.

6. Determination of Iodine number of a fat.

7. Protein estimation by Lowry method.

8. Protein estimation by Bradford method.

9. Protein estimation by Biurette method.

10. Extraction, purification and estimation of total protein from the provided bacterial culture.

11. Extraction of casein protein from milk and to determine its solubility in various solvents.

12. Extraction of gluten from wheat flour and to determine its solubility in various solvents.


1. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, 3rd edition, by David T. Plummer, Tata McGraw Hill.

1988.

2. Practical Biochemistry for Students by Malhotra, Jaypee Brothers Publishers, 2003.

3. Laboratory Manual for Practical Biochemistry by Y. M. Shivaraja Shankara Jaypee Brothers

Publishers, 2008.

4. A Textbook of Practical Biochemistry by Joshi A. Rashmi, B. Jain Publishers, 2002.


13

Course Code: MBT – 108L Title: Molecular Cell Biology Lab


1. Microscopy: Introduction to Light, Bright field, Phase contrast, Confocal, Fluorescence Microscopy,

Electron Microscopy.

2. Microtomy: Fixing of tissues, dehydration, sectioning and staining.

3. Vital staining for visualization of cell organelles.

4. Separation of organelles (chloroplast) using differential and density gradient centrifugation.

5. Histochemical Techniques: Hand-sectioning of stem and leaf, saffranin and fast green staining.

6. Mitosis: Onion root tips, cheek cells.

7. Meiosis: Insect testes, Anther pollen.


1. Cell biology: A laboratory handbook Vol 1, 2, 3 (2006) by Celis J.E. (Academic Press, UK).


14

Course Code: MBT – 109L Title: Molecular Genetics and Genomics Lab


1. Sterilization of glassware and plasticware.

2. Extraction of genomic DNA from blood.

3. Extraction of plant genomic DNA.

4. Extraction of total RNA.

5. Estimation of nucleic acids using UV/Visible spectrophotometer.

6. Visualization of nucleic acids on agarose gel using Ethidium bromide.

7. Determination of Tm of nucleic acids.

8. Determination of phosphate content of nucleic acids.

9. Study of hyper- and hypo-chromic shift in UV absorption of DNA as a function of temperature.

10. Genome sequence database


1. Practical handbook of biochemistry and molecular biology (1989) by Gerald D. Fasman (CRC Press,

Taylor and Francis Group).





15

Semester II

Course Code: MBT-201 Title: Bioinformatics


Objective of Subject: To introduce students about the concept of computer aided biology. Outcome of Subject: Students will get knowledge about various biological databases, software packages and tools.

Relevance of Subject: Helps the students to: - Access online literature and other relevant information related to their studies -use bioinformatics tools and databases in their research projects

Unit I

Introduction to Bioinformatics, its importance and applications.

Sequence Information Sources : NCBI, EMBL, GENEBANK, Entrez, Unigene, UniSTS

Protein Information Sources: PDB, SWISSPROT, TREMBL.

Classifications of biological databases: primary and secondary databases, sequence, structural and composite

databases.

Pairwise sequence alignment: Global and local alignments, algorithm of Needleman Wunsch, Smith-

Waterman algorithm.

Scoring matrices for protein sequences – PAM and BLOSUM.

Introduction to Sequence Similarity Searches – BLAST and FASTA: using it on the web and interpreting

results. Advanced database searching using PSI-BLAST and PHI-BLAST.

Multiple sequence alignment: Different approaches for global multiple sequence alignment, Clustal W

program, local multiple sequence alignment- profile analysis, block analysis, Motifs and Pattern Databases.

Unit II

Sequence and Phylogenetic analysis:

Phylogenetic Trees - representation of sequences, tree interpretation, tree building methods - distance methods

(UPGMA & neighbor joining) and maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood trees, estimating the rate of

change, likelihood and trees; analysis software.

RNA secondary structure prediction – methods for structure prediction using minimum free-energy

structures.

Protein sequence analysis: secondary structure prediction (GOR, Chau Fasman), tertiary structure prediction

(Ab Initio and Homology modeling), Structural databases: PDBsum, NDB, SCOP, CATH.

Genome Annotation: Gene prediction- Pattern & repeat finding, in silico promoter analysis , gene expression

analysis – microarray, SAGE, intracellular protein localization, Genome analysis.


1. Understanding Bioinformatics by Marketa Zvelebil and Jeremy Baum, Garland science; 1st edition (2007).

2. Essential Bioinformatics by Jin Xiong, Cambridge University Press; 1st edition (2006).

3. Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis by David W. Mount, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

Press; 2nd edition (2004).

4. An Introduction to Bioinformatics Algorithms (Computational molecular Biology) by Neil C. Jones and

Pavel A Pevzner, The MIT Press; 1st edition (2004).

5. Bioinformatics: A Biologists Guide to Biocomputing and the internet by Stuart M. Brown, Eaton publishing

Company/ Biotechniques Books (2000).

6. Process & memory storage Device by Pradeep Sinha, BPB Publisher (2005).

7. Bioinformatics: The machine learning approach by Pierre Baldi and Soren Brunak, MIT Press (2001).

8. Bioinformatics: A practical guide to the analysis of genes and proteins, Ed. By Baxvanis (1998).

9. Bioinformatics online (Methods in Enzymology V. 266 computer methods for macromolecular sequence),

Ed. By Doolittle, Academic press (1996).

10. Molecular Evolution: a phylogenetic approach, Holmas EC, Blackwell Science (1998).

11. Bioinformatics: Sequences, structure and databanks, Des Higgins and Willie Taylor, Oxford University

Press (2000).


16

Course Code: MBT-202 Title: Genetic Engineering

[SGGSWU – DBT L/T/P: 3/1/0

Objective: Objectives of introducing Genetic engineering tools and techniques is to make students aware about basic tools used in manipulating genes and how genes cloning can be carried out using these tools, further it will also make them understand about how desired traits can be altered in organisms.

Outcome of the subject: Students will learn how genes can be cloned, expressed, and how recombinant protein can be purified. They will also learn application o f genetic engineering in modifying genes, creating GMOs examples include bacteria, plant and animal GMOs. It will also make them understand about the moral and ethical issues related to its implementation.

Relevance of the subject: The subject introduction will enrich student’s knowledge about use of genetic engineering in modern era of Biotechnology and its potential role in solving the current problems associated with health, food and agriculture.

Unit – I

Scope and Tools of genetic engineering: Guidelines of genetic engineering; molecular tools: restriction

enzymes, modification enzymes, DNA primers, linkers, adaptors, DNA markers.

Genetic engineering Techniques: Blotting techniques, primer extension, SI mapping, RNase protection assay,

reporter assays; Mutagenesis: random, site-directed, PCR- based and transposon mutagenesis, transposon

tagging

Nucleic acid purification: Genomic, plasmid and viral DNA purification. Yield analysis.

Nucleic acid amplification: Polymerase Chain Reaction-Key concepts, analysis of amplified products,

applications of PCR.

Vector designing: Cloning and Expression vectors; Plasmids, bacteriophages, phagemids, cosmids, artificial

chromosomes: BAC, PAC, YAC.

Gene libraries: Genomic and cDNA libraries - Preparation and screening, Sequence dependent screening,

screening expression libraries, cloning differentially expressed genes; Microarrays.

Unit – II

Slicing Technology: Allelic replacement and complementation. Introduction to siRNA; siRNA technology;

Micro RNA; Construction of s iRNA vectors; Gene knockouts and Gene Therapy; Creation of knockout mice;

Disease model, CRISPER CAS technology.

Protein-protein interactions: Yeast two hybrid screening and phage display libraries.

Vector engineering: codon optimization, transcriptional and translational fusions, expression enhancement

strategies in bacteria, yeast, insects, plants and mammalian cells.

Processing of recombinant proteins: Adding tags and signals, tagged proteins, secretion signals, synthetic

genes and protein engineering.

Metabolic Engineering: Introduction to Metabolic flux analysis; Production of Indigo in E.coli and tryptophan

in C. glutamicum.

Reference: (Latest Edition)

1. Molecular Biotechnology - Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA (5th

Edition) By Glick &

Pasternak, ASM Press, 2017.

2. Principles of gene manipulation and Genomics (8th Edition) by Sandy B. Primrose, Richard Twyman,

Wiley-Blackwell, 2016.

3. Gene cloning and DNA analysis: An introduction (7th

Edition) by TA Brown, Wiley-Blackwell, 2016.




5. DNA Cloning: A practical approach (2nd

edition) by D.M. Glover and B.D. Hames, IRL Press, Oxford,

1995.


17

Course Code: MBT-203 Title: Biophysics and Analytical Techniques


Objective of subject: To understand the principles and instrumentations to investigate the biological

properties and functions of the biomolecules/macromolecules.

Relevance of subject: This paper deals with the all the fundamental theoretical principles,

capabilities, applications, and limitations of modern analytical instrumentation used for qualitative

and quantitative analysis which include all present techniques which are used in research.

Outcome of subject: Students will understand how to define the nature of an analytical problem and

how to select and appropriate analytical method.

Unit I Thermodynamics and Bioenergetics: Laws of thermodynamics, concept of free energy, enthalpy and entropy, energy yielding and energy requiring reactions, standard states, coupled reactions, high energy bonds. Chemical kinetics: Reaction rate, order of reaction, half-life of a reaction, molecularity of reaction, complex reaction. Acid base chemistry: Aqueous solutions, acid and bases, pH, buffers, ionization, equilibrium in proteins. Spectroscopy Techniques: Theory and applications of UV/Visible, Fluorescence, Circular Dichroism, Raman spectroscopy, ESR, NMR, Mass spectrometry. Chromatography Techniques: Theory and applications of Paper chromatography, Column chromatography, TLC, GLC, Gel permeation, Adsorption, Ion exchange, Affinity, Hydrophobic, Reverse-phase, HPLC.

Unit II Electrophoretic Techniques: Theory and applications of Agarose gel electrophoresis, PAGE, Disc gel electrophoresis, Gradient electrophoresis, Pulsed field gel electrophoresis, Capillary electrophoresis. Centrifugation: Theory, Types of centrifuges, rotors and centrifugation, Applications of ultracentrifuge - Analytical and Preparative. Radioisotope techniques: Theory, Measurement of radioactive isotopes: Geiger- Muller counter, Proportional counter and Scintillation counters, Radiation dosimetry, Autoradiography, Applications of radioactive isotopes, Radiotracer techniques, Radioimmunoassay. Other Techniques: Theory, methods and applications of Cell disintegration, Protein crystallization, X-ray diffraction, Dialysis and Ultrafiltration. References: (Latest Edition)

1. Physical Biochemistry: Principles and Applications by David Sheehan, John Wiley & Sons, 2009. 2. Biophysical Chemistry: Principles and Techniques by A. Upadhyay, K. Upadhyay and N. Nath.,

3rd edition, Himalaya Publishing House, Delhi, 2007. 3. Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by Keith Wilson, John M.

Walker Cambridge University Press, 2005. 4. Introductory Practical Biochemistry by S. K. Sawhney, Randhir Singh, Narosa Publishing House,

2000. 5. Analytical Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by Rajan Katoch, Springer, 2011. 6. Biophysical Chemistry by James P. Allen John Wiley & Sons, 2009. 7. Biophysics by Vasantha Pattabhi, N. Gautham Alpha Science International, 2002. 8. Biophysical Chemistry by Alan Cooper Royal Society of Chemistry, 2004. 9. Fundamentals of Bioanalytical Techniques and Instrumentation by Ghosal & Srivastava, PHI

Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2009. 10. Bioanalytical Techniques by M. L. Srivastava, Morgan & Claypool, 2008. 11. Techniques and Methods in Biology by K.L. Ghatak, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2011. 12. Bioanalytical Separations by Roger M Smith, Elsevier, 2003.

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22David+Sheehan%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Keith+Wilson%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22John+M.+Walker%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22John+M.+Walker%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22S.+K.+Sawhney%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Randhir+Singh%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Rajan+Katoch%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22James+P.+Allen%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Vasantha+Pattabhi%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22N.+Gautham%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Alan+Cooper%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Ghosal+%26+Srivastava%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22M.+L.+Srivastava%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22K.L.+Ghatak%22


18

Course Code: MBT-204E DSE3 Title: Stem Cell and Technology


Objective of Subject: To learn about the fundamentals of stem cell and tissues and tools and techniques used in stem cell and tissue engineering Outcome of Subject: Understanding of strategies employed to develop regenerative medicine and ethical consideration Relevance of Subject: Application in drug delivery, diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

Unit – I

Introduction to stem cells: Basics of stem cells, classification on the basis of their potential to divide

and differentiate. Embryonic stem cells: Classification of embryonic stem cells, ES, EC and EG cells,

characterization based on molecular and biochemical markers, molecular basis of totipotency.

Adult stem cells and their niche, Differentiation potential, signaling pathways (Hedgehog & Wnt)

and lineage determination. Hematopoietic, mesenchymal and neural stem cells- Development and

characterization.

Unit – II

Stem cell differentiation: Factors that lead to differentiation

Details of Trans-differentiation of stem cells: Stem cells and their telomerase activity in relation to

ageing. Stem cells and oncogenesis. Ethical issues in the use of stem cells.

Applications of stem cell: Auto graft and allogenic in tissue engineering. Stem cells in gene therapy:

Use of stem cell technology in the treatment of heart disease and cancer, Macular degeneration

Reference:

1. Stem cells in regenerative medicine: Methods and protocols (series-methods in molecular

biology) (2009) by Julie Audet,Julie Audet, William L. Stanford (Springer Verlag).

2. Stem cell biology (cold Spring Harbor Monograph Series, 40) (2001) by Daniel R. Marshak,

David Gottlieb, Richard L

3. The human emryonic stem cell debate: Science, ethics, and public policy (basic bioethics) (2001)

by Suzanne Holland, Karen Lebacqz, Laurie Zoloth (The MIT Press, Cambridge MA, USA).


19

Course Code: MBT – 205E GE1 Title: General Elective


To be selected by students from the list of subjects offered by university as open elective .


20

Course Code: MBT – 206L Title: Bioinformatics Lab


1. Exploration of the biotechnology resource –NCBI. 2. Retrieval of any nucleotide sequence using GenBank. 3. Exploration of the bioinformatics resource –ExPASy. 4. Retrieval of any protein sequence from UniProtKB. 5. Performing global alignment between two sequences using EMBOSS tool. 6. Performing local alignment between two sequences using EMBOSS tool. 7. Retrieval of protein structure using PDB. 8. Exploration of BLAST tool. 9. Find complete gene structure in the given sequence using Genscan. 10. Performing sequence alignment using multiple sequence alignment tool- ClustalW. 11. Retrieval of OMIM records for diabetes-insulin receptor. 12. Retrieval of drug, ligand, pathway or gene data from KEGG.


1. Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis by David W. Mount, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2nd edition, 2004.


21

Course Code: MBT – 207L Title: Genetic Engineering Lab


1. Bioinformatic analysis of gene sequences and identifying the coding regions. 2. Primer designing using bioinformatics tools. 3. Amplification from genomic DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). 4. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. 5. Allele specific PCR. 6. Protein extraction from bacterial sources. 7. Resolution and molecular weight estimation of proteins by SDS-PAGE. 8. Detection of proteins using Commassie blue staining. 9. Detection of proteins using Western blotting.

10. Studying expression of the gene cloned under influence of the promoter system employing

various IPTG concentrations.


1. Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis by D.W Mount, Cold Spring Harbor Press, NY, 2001

2. An introduction to practical biochemistry by Plummer D.T., Tata McGraw Hill Publishers Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 2004.

3. Introductory practical biochemistry by S. K. Sawhney, Randhir Singh, Alpha Science International, 2005.


Edition) by Michael R Green and J. Sambrook, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 2012.


22

Course Code: MBT – 208L Title: Biophysics and Analytical Techniques Lab


1. Demonstration of the Lambert-Beer Law for calculating the λ max of proteins. 2. Study of hypo- and hyper-chromic shift in UV absorption of DNA as a function of pH. 3. Performance of differential centrifugation. 4. Performance of density gradient centrifugation. 5. Separation of plant pigments by Paper chromatography. 6. Separation of lipids by Thin Layer Chromatography. 7. Performance of Column Chromatography. 8. Native-polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. 9. SDS-polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis.

10. Application of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for preparing buffers.

References: (Latest Edition) 1. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, 3rd edition, by David T. Plummer, Tata McGraw Hill.

1988. 2. Practical Biochemistry for Students by Malhotra, Jaypee Brothers Publishers, 2003.

3. Laboratory Manual for Practical Biochemistry by Y. M. Shivaraja Shankara Jaypee Brothers Publishers, 2008.

4. A Textbook of Practical Biochemistry by Joshi A. Rashmi, B. Jain Publishers, 2002.


23

Semester III Course Code: MBT-301 Title: Animal & Plant Biotechnology


Objective of Subject: The objectives of this course is to introduce students to the principles, practices and application of animal biotechnology, plant tissue culture, plant and animal genomics, genetic

transformation and molecular breeding of plants and animals.

Outcome of Subject: Students should be able to gain fundamental knowledge in animal and plant biotechnology and their applications.

Relevance of Subject: It covers the basic techniques and principles of cell culture, cloning and its applications. This will enable Students to develop basic skills for cell culture, maintenance of cell

lines and in vitro application of cell and molecular techniques

Unit I

Plant cell culture: History & Development of plant cell culture. Nutrient media: macronutrients and

micronutrients, constituents and their functions. Plant Growth Regulators: growth enhancers and growth

inhibitors, their mode and mechanism of action.

Maintenance of in vitro cultures: Callus culture, Cell suspension culture- agitated culture system, assessment of

growth.

Organ culture – Embryo culture, embryo rescue, production of haploids - anther, pollen & ovary culture.

Protoplast culture – somatic hydrization, selection of hybrid cells, regeneration of hybrid plants, symmetric &

asymmetric hybrids, cybrids. Organogenesis Embryogenesis, Importance of variability, somaclonal &

gametoclonal variations.

Problems in plant tissue culture: Recalcitrance, Contamination, Phenolic Browning, Seasonal Variation.

Commercial applications of plant cell culture: Mass propagation by organogenesis and embryogenesis,

Synthetic Seeds, Use in multiplication of specific genotypes, rare and/or improved varieties, endangered species,

viruse free plants, production of secondary metabolites.

Unit II

Animal cell culture: Nutrient media: Chemical, physical and metabolic functions of different constituents.

Role of carbon dioxide, serum and supplements. Serum & protein free defined media and their application.

Measurement of viability and cytotoxicity. Maintenance of sterility and use of antibiotics, Mycoplasma and viral

contaminants. Characteristics of cells in culture: Contact inhibition, anchorage (in) dependence, cell-cell

communication, cell senescence. Cell cloning and Separation of cell types: Various methods: advantages and

limitations; Flow cytometry.

Various systems of tissue culture - their distinguishing feature advantages and limitations.

i. Primary culture: Behaviour of cells, properties, utility.

ii Established cell line culture: Their characteristic features and utility, Cross contamination hazards.

iii. Suspension culture.

iv. Organ culture: Methods, behavior of organ explant, and utility of organ culture.

Commercial applications of animal cell culture: Somatic cell fusion- Hybridoma technology, monoclonal &

humanized antibodies, mammalian cloning, IVF, Nuclear transplantation. Cell culture as a screening system for

cytotoxicity and diagnostic tests. Development and preparation of vaccines against infecting organisms,


1. An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture, M.K. Razdan, Oxford and IBH Publishing, 2003.

2. Experiments in Plant Tissue Culture, J.H. Dodds and L.W. Roberts, Cambridge University Press, 1995.

3. Plant Biotechnology, J. Hammond, P. McGarvy and V. Yusibov, Springer Verlag, 1999.

4. Plant Cell & Tissue Culture for the production of Food Ingredients, T-J Fu, G. Singh and W.R. Curtis,

Kluwer Adacemic/Plenum Press, 1999.

5. Plant Tissue Culture: Theory & Practice, S.S. Bhojwani and M.K. Razdan, Elsevier Health Sciences, 1996.

6. Culture of Animal Cells, R.I Freshney, Wiley-Leiss, 2010.

7. Animal Cell Culture – A Practical approach, J.R.W. Masters, Oxford, 2000.

8. Cell Culture, M. Butler and M. Dawson, Bios scientific Publications Ltd., 1992.

9. Comprehensive Biotechnology, Moo-Young, Alan T. Bull Howard Dalton, Panima Publication, 2011.


24

Course Code: MBT-302 Title: Bioprocess Engineering and Technology


Objective of Subject: a) To study the fundamental operation in bioprocess. b) To study the kinetics of growth, death and metabolism, fermentation, agitation, mass transfer and enzyme technology.

Outcome of Subject: The course will help to integrate scientific and technological knowledge on the use of bioprocesses for industrial products at the process level, helps in the development and assessment of the conditions for efficient and sustainable design of bioprocesses

Relevance of Subject: The study of this course open venues in the field of Food and beverage companies, agriculture and chemical industries, waste management firms, petroleum oil and gas fields, biomedical firms, engineering design companies, and pharmaceutical companies

Unit I

Introduction to bioprocess engineering:

Overview of bioprocess engineering, Engineering perspective of fermentation processes – role of bioprocess engineers, integrated bioprocessing. Microbial growth parameters and its kinetics, microbial growth yield and concepts of the yield coefficient.

Bioreactor Designing and Instrumentation Concepts of basic modes of fermentation - Batch, fed batch and continuous; Solid substrate, surface and submerged fermentation. Media optimization: Inoculum development, Process technology for production of primary metabolites. Gas- liquid exchange and mass transfer, oxygen transfer, critical oxygen concentration. Aeration and agitation in bioprocess. Instrumentation, measurement and control of the bioprocess parameter, methods of measuring process variables, temperature, flow measurement, pressure, agitation, foam, microbial biomass, dissolved oxygen and Kla, redox and pH, control systems: manual control, automatic control PID (Proportional plus Integral plus Derivative) control.

Unit II Downstream processing: Introduction, removal of microbial cells and solid matter, foam reparation, precipitation, filtration, centrifugation, cell disruptions, liquid-liquid extraction, chromatography, membrane process, drying and crystallization. Effluent treatment: BOD and COD treatment disposal of effluents. Air and media sterilization: Thermal death kinetics of cells and spores: Survival curve- decimal reduction factor, Extinction probability sterilization of culture medium- batch and continuous sterilization- design aspects. Calculation of del factor, Richards rapid methods for designing the sterilization cycles, scale up of sterilization, filter sterilization. Immobilized cell systems : Potential advantages of cell immobilization, methods of active and passive immobilization diffusional, limitations in immobilized enzyme systems- bioreactor considerations. References: (Latest Edition) 1. Bioprocess engineering principles by Pauline. M. Doran, Academic press, 2012. 2. Bioprocess Engineering- Basic concepts by Michael L Shuler, Fikret Kargi, 2nd edition, Prentice

Hall of India, 2002. 3. Basic Biotechnology by Colin Ratledge and Bjorn Kristiansen, Second edition, Cambridge

university press, 2001. 4. Process Biotechnology fundamentals by Mukhopadhyay S.N, 2nd edition, Viva Books, 2004. 5. Biochemical Engineering by Mukesh Doble, Sathyanarayana and Gummadi N, Prentice Hall of

India, 2007.


25

6. Introduction to Biochemical Engineering by DG Rao, Tata Mcgraw Hill, 2005. 7. Bioreaction Engineering Principles by Nielsen J, Villadsen J and Liden G, 2nd Edition, Elsevier,

2003. 8. Biological Reaction Engineering: Dynamic Modelling Fundamentals with Simulation Examples

by Irving J Dunn, Elmar Heinzle, John Ingham and Jiri E. Prenosil, 2nd Edition, Wiley- VCH, 2003.

9. Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology by Mansi EMT, Mansi EL, Bryle CFA, 2nd Edition, Taylor and Francis Ltd, UK, 2007.

10. Advanced Process Biotechnology by Mukhopadhyay SN, Vivo Books, 2004.


26

Course Code: MBT-303 Title: Immunology and Immunotechnology


Contact hours: 50 h

Objective of Subject: To introduce students about the basics of defense mechanisms of the body (immunity). Outcome of Subject: Better understanding of various immunological processes and immune system. Relevance of Subject: Helps to understand body’s defense/response in context of infections, malignancy or many other disorders/diseases.

Unit I

Immunology - fundamental concepts and anatomy of the immune system Components of innate and acquired immunity; Phagocytosis; Complement and Inflammatory responses; Haematopoesis Organs and cells of the immune system: primary and secondary lymphoid organs; Lymphatic system; Lymphocyte circulation; Lymphocyte homing; Mucosal and Cutaneous associated Lymphoid tissue (MALT & CALT); Mucosal Immunity; Antigens : Immunogens, haptens, Antigen processing and presentation - endogenous antigens, exogenous antigens, non-peptide bacterial antigens and superantigens Major Histocompatibility Complex: MHC genes, MHC and immune responsiveness and disease susceptibility, HLA typing. Immunoglobulins : Basic structure, classes & subclasses of immunoglobulins, antigenic determinants; Multigene organization of immunoglobulin genes; Immunoglobulin superfamily B-cell receptor: B cell maturation, activation and differentiation; Generation of antibody diversity B-cell receptor: T-cell maturation, activation and differentiation and T cell receptors; Functional T Cell Subsets Cytokines : properties, receptors and therapeutic uses Complement System:

Unit II Techniques in Immunology: Precipitation, agglutination and complement mediated immune reactions; Advanced immunological techniques - RIA, ELISA, Western blotting, ELISPOT assay, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and immunoelectron microscopy. CMI techniques : Lymphoproliferation assay, Mixed lymphocyte reaction, Cell Cytotoxicity assays. Vaccinology: Active and passive immunization; Live, killed, attenuated, sub unit vaccines; Vaccine technology- Role and properties of adjuvants, recombinant DNA and protein based vaccines.

Clinical Immunology: Immunity to Infection: Bacteria, viral, fungal and parasitic infections (with examples from each group); Hypersensitivity – Type I-IV, Autoimmunity: Types of autoimmune diseases; Mechanism and role of CD4+ T cells; MHC and TCR in autoimmunity; Treatment of autoimmune diseases Transplantation: Immunological basis of graft rejection; Clinical transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy Tumor immunology: Tumor antigens; Immune response to tumors and tumor evasion of the immune system, Cancer immunotherapy. Immunodeficiency: Primary immunodeficiencies, Acquired or secondary immunodeficiencies.


1. Immunology by Kuby, RA Goldsby, Thomas J Kindt, Barbara, A. Osborne, 6th

Edition, Freeman, 2002.

2. Clinical Immunology by Brostoff J, Seaddin JK, Male D, Roitt IM., Gower Medical Publish ing, 2002.

3. Immunobiology, 5th edition by Charles A Janeway, Jr, Paul Travers, Mark Walport, and Mark J Shlomchik New York: Garland Science; 2001.

4. Fundamental Immunology William E. Paul Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008.

http://www.garlandscience.com/textbooks/0815341237.asp

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22William+E.+Paul%22


27

5. Practical Immunology by F.C. Hay, OMR Westwood, 4th

Edition, Blackwell Publishing, 2002. 6. Cellular and Molecular Immunology by Abbas, A.K. Lichtman, A.H. Pober, J.S. W.B. Saunders

Co., Philadephia, 2011. 7. Understanding Immunology Peter John Wood Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006. 8. Roitt's Essential Immunology Peter J. Delves, Seamus J. Martin, Dennis R. Burton, Ivan M. Roitt

John Wiley & Sons, 2011.

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Peter+John+Wood%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Peter+J.+Delves%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Seamus+J.+Martin%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Dennis+R.+Burton%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Ivan+M.+Roitt%22


28

Course Code: MBT-304E DSE3 Title: Advanced Genomics and Proteomics


Contact hours: 50 h

Objective of the Subject: To impart in depth knowledge of i) Structural genomics ii) Genome

sequencing projects iii) Functional genomics vi) Comparative Genomics

Relevance of the Subject: Molecular genetics is a fast-paced field which includes genetic

engineering, genomics, and related areas. Biological function at the molecular level is particularly

emphasized in this course.

Outcome of the Subject: This course will help young researchers in the exploration of current

research in cell biology, immunology, neurobiology, genomics, and molecular medicine.

Unit I

Genome organization Structural organization of genome in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes; Conservation and diversity of genomes; Gross base composition of nuclear genome; Gene density; CpG islands; Organelle DNA-mitochondrial, chloroplast.

Functional genomics Gene identification & annotation. – Recognition of coding, non-coding & regulatory sequences. DNA sequencing, current technologies- pyrosequencing, partial sequencing; physical mapping; genetic mapping.

Genome sequencing projects Human genome project; Microbes, plants and animals genome sequencing; 16sRNA sequencing.

Comparative genomics Introduction to Comparative genomics; Comparative genomics as an aid to gene mapping & study of human disease genes; Phylogenomics; Genome origin and evolution: Duplication, recombination, insertions, repeats; Orthologs, paralogs, in/out-paralogs.

Unit II

Proteomics Introduction to Proteome & Proteomics; Fundamentals of Protein/Peptide Separation Techniques; Protein analysis (measurement of concentration & amino acid composition); Protein sequencing: N-terminal sequencing; Peptide fingerprinting.

Quantitative Proteomics and Protein Modification Proteomics MALDI-TOF. Post-translational modification proteomics; Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE); Differential display proteomics; Protein-protein interaction- yeast 2 hybrid system.

Structural and Functional proteomics Structural proteomics; Protein engineering; Protein chips and functional proteomics; Clinical and biomedical application of proteomics.

Pharmacogenomics Fundamentals of Pharmacogenetics, pharmagenomics. Concept of personalized medicine; Applications of proteome analysis to drug, High throughput screening in genome for drug discovery-identification of gene targets.

References: (Latest Edition) 1. Discovering Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics by Campbell AM & Heyer LJ, Pearson, 2009. 2. Principles of Genome Analysis and Genomics by Primrose S & Twyman R, 7th Edition, Blackwell, 2006. 3. Molecular Biotechnology by Glick BR & Pasternak JJ, 3rd Edition, ASM Press, 1998.


29

4. Genomics: Applications in Human Biology by S.B. Primrose, 2004. 5. Introduction to Proteomics by Liebler, Humana Press, 2004. 6. An Introduction to Molecular Human Genetics by Pasternak, Wiley, 2005. 7. Human Molecular Genetics by Strachan and Read, Garland Publishing, 2004. 8. Human Molecular Genetics by Sudbery, Pearson, 2009. 9. Genomics, proteomics and Vaccines by G. Grandi, 2003. 10. Genes and Genome by Berg & Singer, 1998. 11. From genes to Genome by Dale & Schartz, Wiley & Sons, 2003.


30

Course Code: MBT – 306L Title: Animal & Plant Biotechnology Lab


1. General introduction to Animal Cell Culture instruments and techniques 2. Preparation of tissue culture medium and membrane filtration 3. Establishment of primary culture from frozen cell line (HeLa) 4. Growth and maintenance of cryopreserved cells 5. Trypsinization of monolayer and subculturing 6. Cell counting and cell viability by Trypan blue staining 7. Cytotoxic assay method for a given cell line and testing by MTT assay. 8. Cellular transfection and expression of protein in mammalian cells 9. Preparation of metaphase chromosomes from cultured cells. 10. Laboratory design setup for PTC unit. 11. Sterilization techniques used in tissue culture laboratory. 12. Preparation, sterilization of media (Liquid & solid) – MS (full strength, half strength). 13. Surface sterilization, sealing of cultures, sources of contamination and their check measures. 14. Seed germination under in-vitro conditions. 15. Organ explant culture and micropropagation technique 16. Callus induction & sub-culturing, organogenesis. 17. Histological study of callus cells. 18. Suspension cultures & their maintenance. 19. Adventitious shoot formation from leaf disc.


1. Mammalian cell biotechnology- A practical approach (1991) by Butler, M. (IRL, Oxford University Press).

2. Culture of animal cells: A manual of basic technique (1983) by Freshney, R.I. (1llustrated Publisher A.R. Liss).

3. Culture of Animal Cells, R.I Freshney, Wiley-Leiss, 2010. 4. Plant Tissue Culture: Practices and New Experimental Protocols B. N. Sathyanarayana I. K.

International Pvt Ltd, 2007. 5. Plant Tissue Culture: Techniques and Experiments by Roberta H. Smith, Gulf Professional

Publishing, 2000.


31

Course Code: MBT – 307L Title: Bioprocess Engineering Lab

[SGGSWU-DBT] L/T/P: 0/0/3 1. Isolation of industrially important microorganisms for microbial processes. 2. Determination of thermal death point (TDP) and thermal death time (TDT) of microorganism for

design of a sterilizer. 3. Determination of growth curve of a supplied microorganism and also determines substrate

degradation profile. 4. Compute specific growth rate (µ), growth yield coefficient (Yx/s) from the above. 5. Production and estimation of alcohol. 6. Demonstration of laboratory scale bioreactor and its functioning. 7. Production and estimation of alcoholic beverages-wine and ethanol using free and immobilized

cells.


1. Bioprocess engineering principles by Pauline. M. Doran, Academic press, 1995. 2. Practical Methods for Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology By Anita Rajor, Krishna

Prakashan Media Pvt. Ltd., 2002.


32

Course Code: MBT – 308L Title: Immunology and Immunotechnology Lab


1. To prepare blood film and identification of cells. 2. Detection of blood groups. 3. Extraction of serum from blood. 4. To study antigen-antibody interaction by Double diffusion, Immuno-electrophoresis and Radial

immuno diffusion. 5. To check viability of cells by using Neubauer’s chamber. 6. To calculate RBCs and WBCs using Neubauer’s chamber. 7. To calculate platelets Neubauer’s chamber. 8. To perform the Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA). 9. Purification of mononuclear cells using Ficoll-Hypaque.

References

1. Practical immunology (2002) by F.C. Hay and O.M.R. Westwood, P.N. Nelson, L. Hudson (Wiley-Blackwell).

2. Clinical immunology and serology: A laboratory perspective (1997) by Steverns C.D (FA Davis Company,Philadelphia).


33

Semester IV

Course Code: MBT-402 Title: Drug Development and Clinical Trials


Objective of Subject: This course provides an overview of the drug design process and the steps that lead up to the clinical trial process. Outcome of Subject: To provide an understanding of the clinical development of a drug. Relevance of Subject: The course aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of various drug design strategies, how new drugs are discovered and the concepts in clinical trial design.

Unit I Introduction: History of drug design, Impact of Drug Development on Patient Outcome. Lead discovery: Rational approaches to lead discovery based on traditional medicine, Random screening, Non-random screening, serendipitous drug discovery, lead discovery based on drug metabolism, lead discovery based on clinical observation. Analog Based Drug Design: Bioisosteric replacement, rigid analogs, alteration of chain branching, changes in ring size, ring position isomers, design of stereo isomers and geometric isomers, fragments of a lead molecule, variation in inter atomic distance. Three-dimensional structure-aided drug design: Introduction; Structure aided drug design process; Methods to derive three dimensional structure (obtaining the target, crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, homologous modeling, the design process, software- aided drug design, optimization of the identified compounds, examples of structure aided drug design). Peptidomimetics : Prodrug concept for drug design; Drug targeting and antibody directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT); Soft drug design.

Unit II Clinical research, development and new drug application approval process: Introduction to clinical trials; Evolution of the legislation and regulations governing clinical research process which protect the rights, safety and well-being of human subjects, Features and types of clinical trials; Clinical trials terminology Biologics research, development and licensing process: Medical device research, development, and marketing. Reporting techniques in clinical trials. Principles of data management Maintaining and managing essential clinical trial documents: Recording and reporting non-serious and serious adverse events; Audit of clinical trials. CFR regulations for clinical trials & database management Concept of Pharmacoepidemiology: Concepts and applications of Pharmacovigilance; Drug information centres. Definition, scope and development of clinical pharmacology; Essential drugs and national drug policy.


1. Fundamentals of Clinical Trials, 3rd

edition by Lawrence M. Friedman, Curt Furberg, David L. DeMets, Springer, New York.

2. Clinical Trials: Study Design, Endpoints and Biomarkers, Drug Safety, and FDA and ICH Guidelines by Tom Brody, Elseiver.

3. Clinical Trial by John Egerton, Westminster Pen 4. Advanced Organic Chemistry Reactions, Mechanisms and Structures by March J, John Wiley and

Sons, New York. 5. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery by Wolff ME, John Wiley and Sons, New

York. 6. Clinical Pharmacology by Bennett PN and Brown MJ, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. 7. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics by Walker R and Edwards C, Churchill Livingstone,

London.


34

Course Code: MBT-403 Title: Seminars/Journal Club

L/T/P: 0/2/32

Each student has to deliver two seminars/Journal clubs of one hour (each) on recent advances in

Biotechnology.


35

Course Code: MBT-404 Title: Major Project

[SGGSWU – DBT] LTP: 32

Objective of the subject: The aim of Research Projects is to give the students sufficient experience and proficiency in the research methodology. Projects will be assigned as per individual’s interest and availability of specialized faculty and to be carried out in labs of the Department/University/Industry. After submission of their dissertation, they will undergo a viva voce by external expert. Relevance of the subject: It is important for students to have practical lab experience, to raise a query, its possible hypothesis, experimentation and analysis of data obtained. Outcome of the subject: This will enable students to carry out independent research.

Major Project 1. Thesis may be done in the department or in collaboration with Industry/National/International

lab/Universities/CSIR labs and similar organization. Internal Supervisor will be assigned from the Department faculty who will co-ordinate all formalities and follow-up students.

2. Synopsis will be submitted by the students within first two months of semester. Synopsis will be approved by DRC (Department Research Committee).

3. Thesis should be submitted by the student on or before 31st July. In special cases, thesis can be submitted till 15th August with a fine of Rupees Hundred per day (@ Rs. 100/-) with prior permission of thesis supervisor.

4. Full semester fees will be charged after 15th August with prior permission of Dean Academic Affairs (D.A.A).

5. Thesis should be submitted to the Department, Library and Examination branch (Total three copies)

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