DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Technical Magazine

Vol. 1. Issue – 2 Year: Nov 2014

Dr. D. N. Mudgal (Executive Director)

This Speaks of the spirit behind the aim of AMGOI, it is our indispensible dream that will transcend the wisdom of heritage, spirituality, and academic excellence to the students. AMGOI has now evolved as landmark in the field of technical education through multimedia, interactive technology and sound environment, affluent academics and practical studies. Moreover it encompasses a cosmopolitan outlook to develop student to be a better citizen of progressive society.

Dr. K. Ravi (Director)

This gives me immense pleasure to communicate with you through this Technical Magazine. This is the time where we have introduces new educational systems, ultra-superior infrastructure and interactive classrooms which have been integrated with tools and technology of teaching by keeping the only purpose in mind to effect all around development of students and make them good techno-engineers. It is our indispensable mission to fulfill student’s requirements and prepare efficient engineer managers capable to lead out nation towards the path of progress.

Chief Editor:

Prof. A. V. Karvekar

Editor

Asst. Prof. G. S. Murgude

Greetings faculties and friends!

It gives an immense pleasure to congratulate department newsletter

committee of our department for releasing Bi-annual department technical

magazine.

During last year 2014-15, various extracurricular activities were conducted

successfully by Civil Engineering department like Organization of workshops,

paper publication & presentation by staff members in National / International

journals having international recognition. In the academic year 2014-15 our

department has commenced PG course in Construction and Management..

Participation of Civil Engineering students in various technical events

organized by various colleges in Shivaji University was encouraging and team work

of students and staff members was an encouraging factor, which we want to

continue in coming years also. Our students have got top prizes in these

competitions. Also various projects by final year students are as per present

requirements of industries.

Prof. A. V. Karvekar

Assistant Professor and Head

Civil Engineering Department

AMGOI, Vathar

From the HOD’s Desk

Following are the abstract of the projects undertaken by B. E. Civil

Engineering students

STUDY OF STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS & WORKABILITY OF HYBRID FIBER

REINFORCED GEO-POLYMER CONCRETE

In construction, Concrete is the most commonly used construction material. Customarily,

concrete is produced by using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) as the binder. The world-wide

demand for OPC would increase further in the future. It is well-known that cement production

depletes significant amount of natural resources and release large volume of carbon-dioxide.

Cement production is also highly energy-intensive, after steel and aluminum.

Fly ash based geopolymer reinforced with Hybrid fibers used as the binder, instead of cement

paste, to produce concrete. The geopolymer paste binds the loose coarse aggregate, fibers and

other un-reacted material together to form the geopolymer concrete. Because the chemical

reaction that takes place in this case is a polymerization process. The most common alkaline

liquid used in polymerization is a combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) &sodium hydroxide

(Na2SiO3) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) & potassium hydroxide (K2SiO3)

Setting time of geopolymer depend on many factors such as composition of alkaline of

Fly ash by mass. However, the curing temperature is the most important factor of geopolymer.

As the curing temperature increases, the setting time of concrete decreases.Due to the increases

of temperature, polymerization become more rapid and the concrete can gain 70% of its strength

within 3 to 4 days of curing. This property of geopolymer concrete is very useful in precast

construction & production of precast element such as door, window frames, concrete pipes and

railway sleepers etc. Geopolymer concrete has excellent resistance to chemical attack and shows

promise in the use of aggressive environment where the durability of Portland cement concrete

may be of concern.

From the Projects

In this project we will perform some tests on the Hybrid fiber reinforced

geopolymerconcrete, such as compressive strength test, Tensile strength test, Flexural strength

test, Impact strength test, workability test. We also check the behavior of hybrid fiber reinforced

geopolymerconcrete at elevated temperature.

Key words-Flyash, geopolymerisation, Single fibers, Hybrid Fibers.

STUDY OF DURABILITY CHARACTERISTICS & WORKABILITY OF HYBRID

FIBER REINFORCED GEO-POLYMER CONCRETE

In construction, Concrete is the most commonly used construction material. Customarily,

concrete is produced by using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) as the binder. The world-wide

demand for OPC would increase further in the future. It is well-known that cement production

depletes significant amount of natural resources and release large volume of carbon-dioxide.

Cement production is also highly energy-intensive, after steel and aluminum.

Fly ash based geopolymer reinforced with Hybrid fibers used as the binder, instead of cement

paste, to produce concrete. The geopolymer paste binds the loose coarse aggregate, fibers and

other un-reacted material together to form the geopolymer concrete. Because the chemical

reaction that takes place in this case is a polymerization process. The most common alkaline

liquid used in polymerization is a combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) &sodium hydroxide

(Na2SiO3) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) & potassium hydroxide (K2SiO3)

Setting time of geopolymer depend on many factors such as composition of alkaline of

Fly ash by mass. However, the curing temperature is the most important factor of geopolymer.

As the curing temperature increases, the setting time of concrete decreases.Due to the increases

of temperature, polymerization become more rapid and the concrete can gain 70% of its strength

within 3 to 4 days of curing. This property of geopolymer concrete is very useful in precast

construction & production of precast element such as door, window frames, concrete pipes and

railway sleepers etc. Geopolymer concrete has excellent resistance to chemical attack and shows

promise in the use of aggressive environment where the durability of Portland cement concrete

may be of concern.

In this project we will perform some tests on the Hybrid fiber reinforced geopolymer

concrete, such as sulphate attack, acid attack, freezing and thawing. We also check the behavior

of hybrid fiber reinforced geopolymer concrete at elevated temperature.

Key words-Fly ash, geopolymerisation, Single fibers, Hybrid Fibers.

STUDY OF STRENGTH & DURABILITY OF NO FINE CONCRETE

No fines concrete, also known as porous, pervious, permeable and cellular concrete. No

fine concrete is a porous concrete obtained when the fine aggregate is omitted. The single-sized

coarse aggregates are surrounded and held together by a thin layer of cement paste giving

strength of the concrete. The advantages of this type of concrete are lower density; lower thermal

conductivity relatively low drying shrinkage; no segregation and capillary movement of water;

and better insulating characteristics than conventional concrete because of the presence of the

large voids.

This work is aimed at studying the possibility of using several no-fines concrete of

different water/cement ratios (w/c) and aggregate/cement ratios (a/c) in the absence of steel

reinforcement. Firstly, the characterization of several no-fines concrete mixtures in terms of

mechanical and durability-related properties (such as durability ,workability & compressive )

was carried out. The effect of a hydrophobic admixture (added in different dosages) on durability

of no-fines concrete was also tested. No-fines concrete exposed to different moisture conditions

was compared with normal concrete.

Key Word

No-fines concrete, Normal concrete, compressive strength , Mechanical properties.

RAINWATER HARVESTING

At the rate in which India population is increasing, it is said that India will surely replace China

from its number 1 position of most densely populated country of the world after 20-30. These

will lead to high rate of consumption of most valuable natural resource „Water‟ resulting in

augmentation of pressures on the permitted freshwater resources. Ancient method of damming

river and transporting water to urban area has its own issues of eternal troubles of social and

political. In order to conserve and meet our daily demand of water requirement, we need to think

for alternative cost effective and relatively easier technological methods of conserving water.

Rain water harvesting is one of the best methods fulfilling those requirements. The technical

aspects of this work are rainwater harvesting collected from rooftop which is considered to be

catchment areas from Institutes departmental building at AMGOI Campus. First of all, required

data are collected i.e. catchment areas & hydrological rainfall data. Water harvesting potential

for the building will be calculated. Ideal location for drainage of rain water through tube well

will be identified. A safer distribution and filtration mechanism will be identified from the

available literature.

Keyword: Rainwater harvesting, Roof –top, rain fall, storm water design.

ANALYSIS OF SLOPE STABILITY BY USING SWEDISH SLIP CIRCLE

METHOD

An earth slope is an unsupported, inclined surface of soil mass. Earth slopes are formed

for railway formations, highway embankments, earth dams, canal banks, levees, and at many

other locations if the slopes are made steepest the cost of earth work would be minimum.

However, very steep slopes may not be stable. A compromise has to be made between economy

and safety, and the slopes provided are neither too steep nor too flat.

The failure of a slope may lead to loss of life and property. It is therefore,

essential to check the stability of proposed slopes. With the development of modern method of

testing of soils and stability analysis, a safe and economical design of slope is possible.

The failure of a soil mass occurs along a plane or a curved surface when a large mass of soil

slides with respect to remaining mass. In general there is a downward and outward movement of

the soil mass. A slope failure occurs when the forces causing failure are greater than the shearing

resistance developed along a critical surface of failure.

OBJECTIVES

To locate the centre of slip circle and to find radius of slip circle for minimum FOS for

upstream slope for following condition,

1) Sudden drawdown

2) Just after construction

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON RECYCLED AGGREGATS USED IN NEW CONCRETE

The aim of the present project on “EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON RECYCLED

AGGREGATS USED IN NEW CONCRETE” is to inform that the detailed study of the

possibility of reusing the recycled concrete aggregate from demolished structures in the place of

fresh aggregate

Due to the critical shortage of natural aggregate and natural sand , the availability of

demolished concrete for use as recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is increasing. Using the waste

concrete as RCA conserves natural aggregate, reduces the impact on landfills, decreases energy

consumption and can provide cost savings. Recycled aggregates are the materials for the future.

The application of recycled aggregate has been started in many countries for construction

projects. This Research Paper reports the basic properties of recycled coarse aggregate and

artificial sand. It also compares these properties with properties natural aggregates and natural

sand . Basic changes in all aggregate properties and sand properties were determined. Basic

concrete properties like compressive strength, workability etc. are explained here for different

combinations of recycled course aggregate with natural aggregate and artificial sand. In general,

present status & utilization of recycled coarse aggregate in India with their future need is

discussed.

KEYWORDS: Recycled Coarse Aggregate, Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete, Compressive

Strength, Workability

RETROFITTING& STRENGTHENING OF STRUCTURE

Civil infrastructure system represents huge public investments and is expected to provide

services for very long periods of time. Any technology or material has its limitations and to meet

the new requirements new technologies have to be invented and used. With structures becoming

old and the increasing bar for the constructed buildings the old buildings have started to show a

serious need of additional retrofits to increase their durability and life.

Many environmental and natural disasters, earthquake being the most affecting of all, have also

produced a need to increase the present safety levels in buildings. The understanding of the

earthquakes, world over, is increasing day by day and therefore the seismic demands imposed on

the structures get revised frequently. Similarly, the design methodologies evolve with the

growing research in the area of seismic engineering and certain popular old design philosophies,

such as soft storey structures, are no longer considered acceptable for earthquake resistant

design. Many of the existing lifeline structures were analyzed, designed and detailed as per the

recommendations of then prevalent codes. Such structures, pose a need to undergo re-evaluation

process, say, every ten years. Such structures frequently may not qualify to current seismic

requirements and therefore, retrofitting of these structures is essential.

The retrofitting is one of the best options to make an existing inadequate building safe against

future probable earthquake or other environmental forces. There are many other factors,

considered in decision making for any retrofitting strategy.

The following are some reasons that may need retrofitting:

1. Building which are designed considering gravity loads only. 2. Development activities in the field of Earthquake Resistant Design (EQRD) of buildings

and other structures result into change in design concepts. 3. Lack of timely revisions of codes of practice and standards. 4. Lack of revisions in seismic zone map of country. 5. In cases of alterations in buildings in seismic prone area i.e. increase in number of storey,

increase in loading class etc. 6. In cases of deterioration of Earthquake (EQ) forces resistant level of building e.g.

decrease in strength of construction material due to decay, fire damage, and settlement of foundations.

7. The quality of construction actually achieved may be lower than what was originally planned.

8. Lack of understanding by the designer. 9. Improper planning and mass distribution on floors.

CHOPPED BASALT FIBER CONCRETE

Concrete is one of the most widely used building materials in the world due to its

low cost, ease in production and steel is used as reinforcement at the present time. One of

the problems with reinforced concrete with steel is its durability and corrosion. When steel

reinforcement corrodes, causing degradation of concrete and brittle failure, it’s very

expensive repair works and replacement.

Now a days, FRP as reinforcement in the concrete structures has been getting

importance due to its advantages that improved resistance of corrosion, an increase of

service life and durability. FRP concrete has become important material for the building

constructions as its ability to oppose cracking and reduces brittleness of concrete members

having a non-corrosive nature.

The FRP reinforce elements can be made from various fibers such as Glass (GFRP),

Aramid (AFRP) or Carbon (CFRP). FRP reinforcing used in concrete in areas where steel

reinforce subjected to corrosivity and limited service span and for strengthening to exiting

masonry and concrete members.

Fiber reinforced concretes such as steel, glass and carbon fiber reinforced concrete

used in constructions.

SELF- COMPACTING CONCRETE (SCC)

Making concrete structures without vibration have been done in the past.For examples;

placement of concrete under water is done by the use of tremie without vibration. Mass concrete,

and shaft concrete can be successfully placed without vibration. But the above examples of concrete

are generally of lower strength and difficult to obtain consistent quality. Modern application of

self- compacting concrete (SCC) is focused on high performance, better and more reliable and

uniform quality.

Recognizing the lack of uniformity and complete compaction of concrete by vibration,

researchers at the University of Tokyo, Japan, started in late 1980’s to develop SCC. by the early

1990’s, Japan has developed and used SCC that does not require vibration to achieve full

compaction. By the year 2000, the SCC has become popular in Japan for prefabricated products and

ready mixed concrete.

Several European countries recognized the significance and potential of SCC developed in

Japan .During 1989, they founded European federation of natural trade association representing

producers and applicators of specialist building products (EFNARC).

The utilization of self-compacting concrete started growing rapidly. EFNARC, making use of

broad practical experiences of all members of European federation with SCC, has drawn up

specification and guidelines to provide a framework for design and use of high quality SCC, during

2001. Most of the information particularly test method and high chapter is based on specification

and guidelines for self- compacting concrete given by EFNARC

DECOLOURIZATION OF REACTIVE RED-195 SYNTHETIC SOLUTION USING MODIFIED

ZEOLITE MATERIAL

Synthetic dyes are an important class of organics and are often found in the environment as

a result of their wide industrial use. Textile industry consumes substantial volume of water, and

also uses dyes to color its products. These pollutants are difficult to decolorize due to their complex

aromatic structure and synthetic origin Although the exact number (and also the amount) of the

dyes produced in the world is not known, there are estimated to be more than 100,000

commercially available dyes. Many of them are known to be toxic or carcinogenic.

Due to ever-growing demands in textiles, synthetic organic dyes are widely used for

dyeing textile fibers such as cotton and polyester. Approximately 10,000 different dyes and

pigments are used for industries and over 7 _ 105 tons of these dyes are annually produced

worldwide.

Textile industries produce a lot of wastewater, which contains a number of contaminants,

including acidic or caustic dissolved solids, toxic compounds, and any different dyes, many of these

dyes are carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic and also toxic to human beings, fish species, and

microorganisms. Hence, their removal from aquatic wastewater becomes environmentally

important quantities of dangerous dyes, pigments and metals originated from dye manufacturing,

textile as well as pulp and paper industries are emitted into wastewaters.

Water pollution is one of the most undesirable environmental problems in the world and

it requires solutions. The wastewater treatment is required by various obligations which are

environmental or concerning with public health. Dye wastewaters represent the most amounts of

the discharged industrial water. The test, application and development of many treatment methods

were the essential subjects of many articles. They can be physical, chemical or biological.

Biodegradation, ion exchange, membrance technology and adsorption were the treatments widely

used in the purification of waters.

Allergic and respiratory diseases are known to be caused by reactive dyes Symptoms in

adults for chemical sensitivity.