Department of Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 · 2015. 6. 8. · Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 (808) 948-8218...

COOPERATIVE NATIONAL PARK RESOURCES STUDIES UNIT

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA

D e p a r t m e n t of B o t a n y

H o n o l u l u , H a w a i i 9 6 8 2 2

( 8 0 8 ) 9 4 8 - 8 2 1 8

C l i f f o r d W . S m i t h , U n i t D i r e c t o r A s s o c i a t e P r o f e s s o r of B o t a n y

CPSU/UH A v i a n H i s t o r y R e p o r t 6A HISTORY OF ENDEMIC HAWAIIAN BIRDS

P a r t I. POPULATION HISTORIES- -SPECIES ACCOUNTS Forest B i r d s : H a w a i i a n Hawk ( ' 1 0 )

Winston E. B a n k o

R e s e a r c h A s s o c i a t e H a w a i i F i e l d R e s e a r c h C e n t e r

H a w a i i V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k H a w a i i 9 6 7 1 8

June 1 9 8 0

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE C o n t r a c t No. CX 8 0 0 0 8 0 0 1 2

C o n t r i b u t i o n N u m b e r CPSU/UH 0 2 6 / 1 1

ABSTRACT

Buteo s o l i t a r i u s i s a medium-sized, l i g h t t o dark brown,

broad-winged hawk endemic t o t h e i s l a n d of ~ a w a i ' i . The hawk has

been recorded by many obse rve r s a t h igh and low e l e v a t i o n s i n

a l l major d i s t r i c t s of Hawai ' i from 1778 through t h e p r e s e n t .

~ i s t r i b u t i o n a l r e c o r d s a r e shown by U . S . Geolog ica l Survey quad-

r a n g l e . References and names of o b s e r v e r s a r e c i t e d . Complete-

ne s s of d a t a , b i a s , e r roneous and doub t fu l r e c o r d s a r e addressed .

F ind ings a r e summarized. I t i s suggested t h a t a long-term pop-

u l a t i o n d e c l i n e i s occu r r ing . Except f o r Hawaii Volcanoes

Nat iona l Park, where s p e c i f i c long-term census d a t a have been

c o l l e c t e d , t h e r e is y e t no f a c t u a l b a s i s from which t h e o v e r a l l

popu la t i on s i z e or f u t u r e t r end may be e s t i m a t e d . More informa-

t i o n on t h e home range , l i f e requ i rements , and popu la t i on ecology

of t h e '10 is needed.

TABLE O F CONTENTS

L I S T O F T A B L E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i i i

L I S T O F F I G U R E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i i i

1 . B u t e o s o l i t a r i u s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

OBSERVATIONS. REPORTS. AND S P E C I M E N RECORDS . 1

. . . . . E a r l y S t a t u s and D i s t r i b u t i o n ( 1 7 7 8 4 8 8 6 ) 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . L a t e r A c c o u n t s ( 1 8 8 7 - 1 9 1 5 ) 2

M u l t i d i s t r i c t and I s l a n d w i d e A c c o u n t s ( 1 9 1 6 . 1 9 7 7 ) . 2

. . L o c a l i t y R e c o r d s ( 1 8 8 7 - 1 9 7 8 ) . . . . . . . . . 3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K o h a l a ~ i s t r i c t 3 K o n a D i s t r i c t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K ~ ' E ~ i s t r i c t 4 H a w a i i V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k . . . . . . . . . 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ i l a u e a D i s t r i c t 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M a u n a K e a D i s t r i c t 8 . . E x t r a - l i m i t a l R a n g e . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

K a u a ' i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 O ' a h u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Maui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 D i s t r i b u t i o n A t Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0

CHRONOLOGICAL D I S T R I B U T I O N O F RECORDS . . . . . . . . . 1 0

GEOGRAPHICAL D I S T R I B U T I O N O F RECORDS . . . . . . . . . 11

. . . . . . . . . . . . A N A L Y S I S O F D I R E C T OBSERVATIONS 11

COMPLETENESS O F DATA. B I A S . . . . . . . . . . . . . ERRONEOUS AND DOUBTFUL RECORDS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SUMMARY. .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CONCLUSIONS

OBSERVERS . . . . . * * . * * e e * * . . e * * * * * *

REFERENCES C I T E D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UNPUBLISHED SOURCES C I T E D

LIST OF TABLES

Table

1. Distribution of 6 5 2 '10 records by decade . . . . . . 11

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

1. Distribution of observations, reports, and museum records of Buteo solitarius, per quadrangle, on islands of Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Maui, 1778-1978. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2

2. Distribution of observations, reports, and museum records of Buteo solitarius, per quadrangle, on Island of Hawai'i, 1841-1978 . . . 13

1. B u t e o s o l i t a r i u s '10 o r H a w a i i a n Hawk

The '10 is a m e d i u m - s i z e d , l i g h t b u f f t o d a r k b rown, b r o a d - w i n g e d hawk e n d e m i c t o t h e i s l a n d o f H a w a i ' i , t h e s o l e r e s i d e n t a c c i p i t e r i n t h e a r c h i p e l a g o . P e a l e ( 1 8 4 8 ) f i r s t d e s c r i b e d t h e s p e c i e s f r o m a s i n g l e s p e c i m e n c o l l e c t e d n e a r K e a l a k e k u a . Hen- shaw ( 1 9 0 2 , 1 9 0 2 s ) p r o v i d e s a g e n e r a l a c c o u n t a s we l l a s d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n o f v a r i o u s p l u m a g e s , f o o d h a b i t s , a n d m e a s u r e m e n t s o f 27 s p e c i m e n s . B e r g e r ( 1 9 7 2 ) f u r n i s h e s a c o n t e m p o r a r y t r e a t m e n t i n c l u d i n g a c o l o r p h o t o g r a p h o f a l i g h t - p l u m a g e d b i r d . Mayr ( 1 9 4 3 ) s t a t e d t h a t t h e '10 was r e l a t e d t o t h e S w a i n s o n ' s Hawk ( B u t e o s w a i n s o n i ) o f N o r t h A m e r i c a . The l i f e h i s t o r y , b r e e d i n g b i o l o g y , a n d h a b i t s o f t h e '10 a r e l a r g e l y unknown a s no d e t a i l e d f i e l d s t u d y o f t h i s s p e c i e s h a s y e t b e e n made. A t o t a l o f 99 s p e c i m e n s a r e known i n museums, a s f o l l o w s : 30 a t B e r n i c e P a u a h i B i s h o p Museum; 1 8 e a c h a t t h e A m e r i c a n Museum o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y a n d t h e U . S . N a t i o n a l Museum o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y ; and t h e b a l a n c e ( 3 3 ) s c a t t e r e d a t 1 3 o t h e r r e p o s i t o r i e s i n N o r t h A m e r i c a and E u r o p e ( B a n k o 1 9 7 8 m s . ) .

OBSERVATIONS, REPORTS, AND SPECIMEN RECORDS

Drawing c o n c l u s i o n s f r o m a l a r g e vo lume o f h i s t o r i c a l i n f o r - m a t i o n o n r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e and d i s t r i b u t i o n o f '10 r e q u i r e d t h a t d a t a be g e o g r a p h i c a l l y a r r a n g e d and c h r o n o l o g i c a l l y o r d e r e d i n a s y s t e m a t i c f a s h i o n , a s o u t l i n e d i n t h e I n t r o d u c t i o n t o P a r t I (CPSU/UH A v i a n H i s t o r y R e p o r t 4 ) . R e c o r d s p r e s e n t e d i n A p p e n d i x I s a t i s f y c r i t e r i a n e c e s s a r y f o r b a s i c d o c u m e n t a t i o n a n d c o m p a r a t i v e a n a l y s i s .

I n t h e f o l l o w i n g d e s c r i p t i v e a c c o u n t , s o u r c e s o f p u b l i s h e d i n f o r m a t i o n a r e c i t e d by a u t h o r and y e a r i n t h e u s u a l s t y l e . One , two , o r t h r e e d i g i t n u m b e r s i n p a r e n t h e s e s r e f e r t o s p e c i f i c r e c o r d s i n A p p e n d i x I . S o u r c e s o f p u b l i s h e d and u n p u b l i s h e d i n f o r m a t i o n l i s t e d i n Append ix I may b e t r a c e d t o c o m p l e t e r e f - e r e n c e s i n t h e b i b l i o g r a p h y .

E a r l y S t a t u s a n d D i s t r i b u t i o n ( 1 7 7 8 - 1 8 8 6 ) :

W . A n d e r s o n , a c t i n g a s n a t u r a l i s t f o r C a p t a i n J a m e s Cook, r e c o r d e d s e e i n g two l a r g e brown hawks n e a r Waimea, K a u a ' i , d u r i n g 20 t o 22 J a n u a r y ( ? F e b r u a r y ) 1 7 7 8 , a n a c c o u n t r e c o g n i z e d l a t e r by Cook ( 1 7 8 4 ) and S t r e s e m a n n ( 1 9 5 0 ) ( 6 5 9 , 6 6 0 ) . D o l e ( 1 8 7 9 ) r e p o r t e d i n a n e a r l y a c c o u n t o f '10 t h a t G . H . D o l e saw o n e a t K E l o a , K a u a ' i ( 6 6 1 ) . W h i l e s p e c i f i c d e s c r i p t i o n s o f t h e s e p a r - t i c u l a r hawks w e r e n o t f u r n i s h e d , n o o t h e r b r o a d - w i n g e d hawk ( e x c e p t t h e Marsh Hawk, C i r c u s c y a n e u s h u d s o n i u s ) , h a s e v e r b e e n r e p o r t e d i n Hawai ' i ( P y l e 1 9 7 7 2 ) . T h e s e a n d l a t e r r e c o r d s i m p l y t h a t t h e s i g h t i n g s o f A n d e r s o n a n d D o l e w e r e o f '10.

P e a l e ( 1 8 4 8 ) s t a t e d t h a t t h i s s p e c i e s i n h a b i t e d o n l y H a w a i ' i , b a s i n g h i s s t a t e m e n t o n o b s e r v a t i o n s o f members o f t h e U . S . E x p l o r i n g E x p e d i t i o n i n 1 8 4 0 t o 1 8 4 1 and o n i n f o r m a t i o n s u p p l i e d by n a t i v e H a w a i i a n s (1, 8 , 11). A l t h o u g h D o l e ( 1 8 7 9 ) c r e d i t e d '10 a s b e i n g r e s i d e n t o n H a w a i ' i , h e a c k n o w l e d g e d t h a t t h e y a l s o o c c u r r e d r a r e l y e l s e w h e r e ( l a , 2 ) . S i n c e t h e '10 h a s n e v e r b e e n known t o b r e e d o n o t h e r i s l a n d s , ole's s t a t e m e n t is p r o b a b l y a m o r e a c c u r a t e h i s t o r i c a l a s s e s s m e n t .

L a t e r A c c o u n t s ( 1 8 8 7 - 1 9 1 5 ) :

N a t i v e H a w a i i a n s t o l d W i l s o n ( W i l s o n & E v a n s 1 8 9 1 ) t h a t a hawk was t o b e f o u n d i n t h e m o u n t a i n s o f Maui , a n d W i l s o n t h o u g h t t h i s b i r d was p r o b a b l y t h e '10 ( 6 6 6 ) . B u t o n H a w a i ' i W i l s o n c o l - l e c t e d o n l y s e v e n s p e c i m e n s ( d u r i n g a 10-month p e r i o d as d e t e r - mined f r o m d a t a o n l a b e l s o f o t h e r b i r d s W i l s o n c o l l e c t e d , Banko 1 9 7 8 m s . ) and s t a t e d t h a t t h e '10 m u s t b e c o n s i d e r e d r a r e . W i l s o n ' s e x p e r i e n c e seems t o h a v e b e e n r e p e a t e d by H . C . P a l m e r , who, a c c o r d i n g t o h i s d i a r y , s p e n t o v e r 1 0 m o n t h s o n H a w a i ' i d u r i n g 1 8 9 1 t o 1 8 9 2 . He c o l l e c t e d o n l y n i n e s p e c i m e n s ( B a n k o 1 9 7 8 m s . ) , b u t made no comment o n t h e i r s t a t u s and d i s t r i b u t i o n ( R o t h s c h i l d 1 9 0 0 ) . Munro ( 1 9 4 4 ) , who a c c o m p a n i e d P a l m e r , n o t e d t h a t t h e '10 was f a i r l y common i n some l o c a l i t i e s i n t h e 1 8 9 0 ' s .

Henshaw ( 1 9 0 2 ) , d e r i v i n g h i s i n f o r m a t i o n f rom e i g h t y e a r s r e s i d e n c e o n Hawai ' i b e g i n n i n g i n 1 8 9 4 , s t a t e d t h a t t h e hawk was b y no m e a n s r a r e , t h o u g h " n o t h i n g l i k e a s common a s i t u s e d t o b e i n t h e o l d d a y s . ' He o b t a i n e d a t o t a l o f 49 s p e c i m e n s f r o m 1 8 9 8 t o 1 9 0 0 ( B a n k o 1 9 7 8 m s . ) . P e r k i n s ( 1 9 0 3 ) , f r o m o b s e r v i n g and c o l l e c t i n g b i r d s i n t h e H a w a i i a n d i s t r i c t s o f N o r t h and S o u t h Kona, Ka ' i i , a n d Puna i n 1 8 9 2 , 1 8 9 4 , 1 8 9 5 , a n d 1 8 9 6 , s t a t e d t h e '10 was n o t r a r e and i n some l o c a l i t i e s was common. H e a l s o n o t e d t h a t i t r a n g e d i n e l e v a t i o n f r o m a b o u t 1 0 0 t o 5000 f e e t i n Kona, and i n K a ' r f r o m s e a l e v e l t o " h i g h u p i n t h e m o u n t a i n s " o n Mauna Loa ( 2 0 , 2 1 ) . B r y a n ( 1 9 1 5 ) s t a t e d t h a t t h e '10 was s t i l l f a i r l y common i n h i s d a y ( 4 ) .

M u l t i d i s t r i c t and 1 s l a n d w i . d e A c c o u n t s ( 1 9 1 6 - 1 9 7 7 ) :

More r e c e n t o b s e r v e r s h a v e r e c o r d e d v a r y i n g i m p r e s s i o n s o f '10 s t a t u s and d i s t r i b u t i o n . Munro ( 1 9 4 4 ) s t a t e d 3 5 y e a r s a g o t h a t t h e '10 was s t i l l w e l l - d i s t r i b u t e d o v e r t h e i s l a n d , b e i n g f a i r l y common i n some l o c a l i t i e s b u t r e d u c e d i n n u m b e r s ( 1 2 , 2 2 ) . From h i s w i d e - r a n g i n g b i r d s u r v e y s o n H a w a i ' i i n 1949 and 1 9 5 0 , S c h w a r t z a n d S c h w a r t z ( 1 9 5 1 ) c o n c l u d e d t h a t t h e '10 e x i s t e d i n s u c h few n u m b e r s t h a t t h e y w e r e o f l i t t l e i n f l u e n c e a s a winged p r e d a t o r o n game b i r d s ( 6 ) .

M o r r i s o n ( 1 9 6 9 ) s t u d i e d t h e s t a t u s and d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e '10 i n H a w a i i V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k i n t e n s i v e l y i n 1 9 6 7 and 1 9 6 8 , a n d b a s e d o n some 66 s i g h t i n g s w h i c h w i l l b e t r e a t e d i n d e t a i l l a t e r , c o n c l u d e d t h a t t h i s s p e c i e s was l i k e l y t o b e f o u n d a n y w h e r e i n t h e P a r k w h e r e woody v e g e t a t i o n e x i s t s ( 2 2 4 ) . B a l d w i n ( 1 9 6 9 ) a c c u m u l a t e d a b o u t 50 s i g h t i n g s and r e p o r t s o f '10

o v e r a w i d e r a n g e o f h a b i t a t s o n Hawai ' i d u r i n g h i s a s s i g n m e n t i n H a w a i i V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k f r o m 1 9 3 7 t o 1 9 4 9 ( 1 3 ) . A f t e r c o m p a r i n g h i s d a t a w i t h t h a t o f M o r r i s o n , ~ a l d w i n t e n t a t i v e l y c o n c l u d e d t h a t '10 had e x p a n d e d t h e i r r a n g e and i n c r e a s e d i n t h e P a r k f r o m t h e 1 9 4 0 ' s t o 1 9 6 8 ( 2 3 5 ) .

O r e n s t e i n ( 1 9 6 8 ) e s t i m a t e d a t o t a l p o p u l a t i o n o f 250 t o 300 '10 b a s e d o n w h a t h e o b s e r v e d d u r i n g h i s 1 9 6 7 C h r i s t m a s h o l i d a y b i r d i n g t o u r ( 1 7 , 1 5 1 , 3 5 4 , 4 9 4 , 5 9 3 , 7 ) .

P. Q . Tomich t h o u g h t h i s u n r e c o r d e d s i g h t i n g s i n t h e H a w a i i a n d i s t r i c t o f HZmZkua f r o m 1 9 6 9 t o 1 9 7 1 s u g g e s t e d a s t a b l e

' o r i n c r e a s e d p o p u l a t i o n r e l a t i v e t o h i s i m p r e s s i o n o f hawk abun- d a n c e i n e a r l i e r y e a r s ( 2 6 ) .

The a u t h o r s i g h t e d '10 22 times d u r i n g 255 h o u r s s p e n t s u r - v e y i n g s m a l l f o r e s t b i r d s i n H a w a i i V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k , Kona, Ka ' i i , ~ T l a u e a , a n d Mauna Kea d i s t r i c t s f r o m 1 9 6 8 t o 1 9 7 3 ( 2 3 )

I n a c o m p r e h e n s i v e b i r d s u r v e y o f windward s l o p e s o f Mauna Loa a n d Mauna Kea i n v o l v i n g 204 t r a n s e c t miles and 2700 o b s e r v a - t i o n s t a t i o n s , a U. S. F i s h and W i l d l i f e S e r v i c e t eam o f t r a i n e d o b s e r v e r s saw '10 more t h a n 60 times ( 2 5 ) .

L o c a l i t y R e c o r d s ( 1 8 8 7 - 1 9 7 8 ) :

K o h a l a D i s t r i c t

W i l s o n ( W i l s o n & E v a n s 1 8 9 1 ) o b t a i n e d s p e c i m e n s o f t h e '10 i n t h e h i l l s a b o v e P u ' u i k i , n o r t h o f Waimea ( K a m u e l a ) , d u r i n g 1887 t o 1 8 8 8 ( 3 2 ) . From 1 9 3 5 t o 1 9 7 3 , i n t h e same g e n e r a l a r e a , s e v e r a l l o c a l r e s i d e n t s and f i e l d b i o l o g i s t s h a v e r e p o r t e d s e e i n g t h e hawk a l o n g t h e e d g e o f t h e f o r e s t and a d j a c e n t p a s t u r e s o f t h e l e e w a r d K o h a l a m o u n t a i n s ( 2 7 - 3 6 ) . I n t h e r a i n f o r e s t s o f windward K o h a l a , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n t h e d e e p v a l l e y s , some o f t h e same a n d o t h e r o b s e r v e r s d o c u m e n t t h e o c c u r r e n c e o f '10 d u r i n g t h e i d e n t i c a l p e r i o d ( 3 7 - 4 5 , 47-49, 5 4 , 5 6 , 5 7 , 5 9 , 6 2 ) . N e a r t h e c o a s t , f r o m W a i p i ' o V a l l e y s o u t h t o K a u p u l e n a , '10 w e r e r e c o r d e d by s e v e r a l p e o p l e f r o m 1 9 6 1 t o 1 9 7 1 ( 5 0 - 5 3 , 5 8 , 6 0 , 6 1 , 6 3 , 6 4 ) . The hawk i s t h u s s t i l l s e e n t h r o u g h o u t w h a t r e m a i n s o f i t s a n c e s t r a l r a n g e i n t h e K o h a l a m o u n t a i n s .

Kona D i s t r i c t

T h e r e i s a l a c k o f o b s e r v a t i o n s o f '10 f r o m t h e s o u t h e r n e d g e o f t h e K o h a l a m o u n t a i n s a c r o s s t h e d r y , m o s t l y t r e e l e s s p l a i n s and l o w e r s l o p e s o f Mauna Kea a n d P u l u a n a h u l u t o P u ' u - w a ' a w a ' a . However, r e c o r d s o f s i g h t i n g s o n t h e n o r t h f l a n k o f N u a l z l a i , i m m e d i a t e l y a d j a c e n t t o t h i s g a p , a r e m o r e n u m e r o u s t h a n f o r a n y o t h e r l o c a l i t y o f s i m i l a r s i z e i n Kona D i s t r i c t . D u r i n g 1 9 3 5 t o 1 9 7 2 some 40 s i g h t i n g s o f '10 h a v e b e e n r e c o r d e d by 1 7 o b s e r v e r s o n t h e n o r t h s l o p e s o f H u a l z l a i ( 8 3 - 1 0 8 , 110- 1 1 2 ) . B a l d w i n ( 1 9 6 9 ) c a l l e d t h e number o f '10 t h a t h e saw o n

1 6 November 1 9 4 4 on t h e l o w e r n o r t h - f a c i n g s l o p e s t h e m o s t h e e v e r o b s e r v e d i n Hawai ' i ( 9 1 ) . D u r i n g t h a t d a y h e saw a p a i r a b o u t e v e r y h o u r i n t h e Waiho a r e a . '10 h a v e a l s o b e e n r e c o r d e d i n t e r m i t t e n t l y f r o m 1 9 5 0 t o 1 9 7 4 by s e v e r a l o b s e r v e r s o n t h e u p p e r s l o p e s o f H u a l H l a i ( 1 1 3 , 1 1 4 , 1 2 1 - 1 2 6 ) . By c o n t r a s t , t h e r e a r e o n l y s i x r e c o r d s o f '10 o n t h e s o u t h e r n s l o p e s o f H u a l z l a i ( 1 1 5 , 117-120 , 1 3 3 ) . S i m i l a r l y , t h e r e seem t o b e o n l y f i v e r e c o r d s w i t h i n 1 5 miles s o u t h o f H u a l z l a i ( 1 2 7 , 1 2 8 , 1 3 0 - 1 3 2 ) .

B e s i d e s t h e t y p e s p e c i m e n o b t a i n e d b e f o r e 1 8 4 8 i n K e a l a - e k u a , s e v e n o t h e r s p e c i m e n s o f t h e hawk w e r e a l s o t a k e n f r o m 887 t o c a . 1 8 9 6 i n u n r e c o r d e d l o c a l i t i e s i n c e n t r a l Kona

( 6 5 - 7 0 ) . R . C . L. P e r k i n s , P. H a B a l d w i n , a n d L. R. R i c h a r d s a l l e i t h e r c o l l e c t e d '10 o r o b s e r v e d them f r o m a b o v e K e a l a k e k u a t o P u l e h u a Ranch f r o m 1 8 9 2 t o 1 9 5 0 ( 7 6 - 8 1 ) . More r e c e n t s i g h t i n g s o f '10 i n t h e m o u n t a i n s a b o v e K e a l a k e k u a a n d i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f P u l e h u a Ranch e s t a b l i s h t h e c o n t i n u o u s p r e s e n c e o f t h e '10 i n t h a t a r e a f r o m 1 8 9 2 t o 1 9 7 5 ( 1 3 4 - 1 4 9 ) .

T h e r e seem t o b e no o b s e r v a t i o n s o f '10 i n s o u t h e r n Kona D i s t r i c t e a r l i e r t h a n 1 9 6 7 . However, s e v e r a l s i g h t i n g s , r a i d i n g o f d o m e s t i c p o u l t r y f l o c k s , a n d n e s t i n g e s t a b l i s h i t s p r e s e n c e t h e r e ( 1 5 2 , 1 5 3 , 155-161 , 1 6 9 - 1 7 3 ) . One l o c a l r e s i d e n t , S . Kumakahi , r e c a l l e d t h a t '10 w e r e much more a b u n d a n t a r o u n d t h e Honomal ino a r e a in . t h e 1 9 2 0 ' s a n d 1 9 3 0 ' s t h a n t h e y a r e t o d a y ( 1 7 3 ) .

K a ' i D i s t r i c t

his hawk i s s e l d o m i f e v e r r e p o r t e d f r o m t h e Ka'E-Kona D i s t r i c t b o u n d a r y n e a r ~ a n u k g s o u t h t h r o u g h Ocean V i e w E s t a t e s s u b d i v i s i o n t o Kahuku Ranch ( 1 7 6 - 1 7 8 ) . The l a c k o f s i g h t i n g s i s e v i d e n c e f o r a d i s c e r n i b l e g a p i n '10 r a n g e i n s o u t h w e s t e r n K a ' i D i s t r i c t . O n l y r a r e l y s e e n o n Kahuku Ranch , t h e '10 seems t o g e n e r a l l y a v o i d Mauna L o a ' s s o u t h e r n f o r e s t s a s f a r e a s t e r l y a s N Z I Z l e h u , w h e r e o n l y two o b s e r v a t i o n s , p o s s i b l y o f t r a n s i e n t s , h a v e b e e n made i n r e c e n t y e a r s ( 1 7 9 - 1 8 0 ) . One r e s i d e n t o f W a i 1 6 h i n u , W. H . ~ e i n e c k e , r e c a l l e d t h a t '10 w e r e much m o r e abun- d a n t i n f o r e s t s t h r o u g h o u t t h i s g e n e r a l a r e a , i n c l u d i n g w h a t i s now r a n g e l a n d , i n t h e e a r l y 1 9 0 0 ' s ( 1 7 5 , 1 7 6 ) . R e c o r d s o f hawks a r e a b s e n t o r s c a r c e f r o m e x t e n s i v e t r a c t s o f f o r e s t f r o m N h l B l e h u t o a s f a r n o r t h a s ~ z h a l a ( 1 8 1 - 1 8 4 ) . T h i s a p p a r e n t g a p i n r a n g e w h i c h b e g i n s i n ManukZ n e a r t h e Ka1E-Kona b o u n d a r y t h u s e x t e n d s a r o u n d t h e s o u t h e r l y e x p o s e d s l o p e s o f Mauna Loa f o r a b o u t 20 miles . By c o n t r a s t , t h e r e a r e some 1 0 r e c o r d s o f '10 f r o m P Z h a l a n o r t h t o t h e b o u n d a r y o f H a w a i i V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k , a d i s t a n c e o f a b o u t 1 7 miles.

Two u n u s u a l o b s e r v a t i o n s o f '10 a r e r e c o r d e d f o r K a ' E n e a r t h e P a r k . The d i s c o v e r y o f a d e a d hawk, p r e s u m a b l y a n '10, i n a c a v e i n u p p e r ~ a p z p a l a , by t h e b o t a n i s t Dav id D o u g l a s d u r i n g h i s a s c e n t o f Mauna Loa i n 1 8 3 4 i s u n i q u e ( 1 9 2 ) . The 1 9 4 2 s i g h t i n g o f a n '10 by A. L . M i t c h e l l a t 8500 f e e t e l e v a t i o n o n t h e ' x i n a p o - ~ a u n a Loa T r a i l is a n u p p e r e l e v a t i o n a l r e c o r d f o r Mauna Loa ( 1 9 3 ) .

R e c o r d s o f '10 i m m e d i a t e l y n o r t h o f Hawaii V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k e x i s t f o r t h e l a n d o f Keauhou , K i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e , U p p e r '81a 'a F o r e s t R e s e r v e , a n d Upper W a i a k e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e . T h e 29 r e c o r d s t a l l i e d i n c l u d e r e s u l t s o f f o u r s y s - tematic b i r d s u r v e y s d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d 1 9 6 8 t o 1 9 7 5 ; C h r i s t m a s C o u n t s b y members o f t h e Hawaii Audubon S o c i e t y i n 1 9 7 4 , 1 9 7 5 , a n d 1 9 7 8 ; a n d r andom o b s e r v a t i o n s b y v a r i o u s i n d i v i d u a l s ( 1 9 5 - 2 2 3 ) .

- -

'10 were s e e n o r h e a r d a t o t a l o f l 5 times b y t h e a u t h o r d u r i n g t h e c o u r s e o f 3 8 h o u r s s p e n t c e n s u s i n g b i r d s i n 1 9 6 8 a n d 1 9 6 9 a l o n g a t r a i l i n d e n s e r a i n f o r e s t f r o m t h e e n d o f W r i g h t Road i n V o l c a n o t o t h e S t a i n b a c k Highway v i a K G l a n i C o n e , a d i s - t a n c e o f a b o u t 6 miles ( 1 9 7 ) . However , i n 1 9 7 0 a n d 1 9 7 1 no '10 were s e e n o r h e a r d b y t h e a u t h o r d u r i n g 27 s u r v e y h o u r s o v e r a r o u g h l y p a r a l l e l b u t much s h o r t e r r o u t e i n wooded p a s t u r e s o n Keauhou R a n c h 3 mi les t o t h e west ( 1 9 9 ) . I n d e n s e r a i n f o r e s t o f t h e 2 0 0 - a c r e I n t e r n a t i o n a l B i o l o g i c a l P r o g r a m ( I B P ) S t u d y Area l y i n g a t 5 1 5 0 t o 5400 f e e t e l e v a t i o n , a d j a c e n t t o t h a t i n w h i c h t h e a u t h o r f o u n d '10 o n 1 5 o c c a s i o n s i n 3 8 h o u r s , A . J . B e r g e r c e n s u s e d o n l y two '10 d u r i n g 4 1 . 4 h o u r s o f f o r e s t b i r d s u r v e y s i n 1 9 7 2 ( 2 0 8 ) . O b s e r v a t i o n s o n b i r d s u r v e y t r a n s e c t s i n more o p e n , s l i g h t l y h i g h e r f o r e s t l e s s t h a n a mile west o f t h e IBP S t u d y Area, r e s u l t e d i n P . C . Banko c e n s u s i n g f o u r '10 i n 59 s u r v e y h o u r s i n 1 9 7 3 a n d 1 9 7 4 ( 2 1 2 - 2 1 4 , 2 1 6 ) .

S . C o n a n t c a r r i e d o u t s y s t e m a t i c m o n t h l y c o u n t s o n two t r a n - Sects f r o m December 1 9 7 2 t o March 1 9 7 5 i n t h e same v i c i n i t y a s t h a t c o v e r e d b y W. E . B a n k o , A . J . B e r g e r , a n d P . C. B a n k o , f i n d - i n g l e s s t h a n o n e hawk p e r 40 h a ( 9 8 . 8 a c r e s ) o n b o t h t r a n s e c t s , w i t h f r e q u e n c y p c c u r r e n c e s v a r y i n g f r o m 1 5 % i n Upper Keauhou Ranch t o 4 3 % i n K i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e ( 2 2 1 ) . C h r i s t m a s C o u n t s b y members o f t h e Hawaii Audubon S o c i e t y a n d o t h e r i n d i v i d u a l s i n K i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e a n d Keauhou Ranch f r o m 1 9 6 6 t o 1 9 7 8 y i e l d e d 0 t o 3 i n c l u d i n g o n e n e s t b e i n g t a l l i e d ( 1 9 5 , 1 9 6 , 1 9 8 , 200-207 , 209-211 , 2 1 5 , 2 1 7 , 2 1 8 , 2 2 0 , 2 2 2 , 2 2 3 ) .

H a w a i i V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k

S i g h t i n g s o f '10 b y W. A . B r y a n o n two o c c a s i o n s n e a r t h e V o l c a n o House i n 1 9 0 2 a n d a s i n g l e s p e c i m e n p r o b a b l y t a k e n d u r i n g t h a t p e r i o d b y a n unknogn c o l l e c t o r , seem t o b e t h e o n l y r e c o r d s o f t h e hawk i n t h e K i l a u e a s u m m i t area b e f o r e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f H a w a i i V o l c a n o e s ~ a t i o n a l P a r k i n 1 9 1 6 ( 3 0 8 , 3 0 9 ) .

'10 h a v e b e e n b o t h r a n d o m l y n o t e d a n d s y s t e m a t i c a l l y r e - c o r d e d i n Hawaii V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k s c o r e s o f t imes f o r a p e r i o d o f n e a r l y 40 y e a r s . P. H . B a l d w i n , a s s i s t e d b y W . R . Donaghho , H . G . C r a d d o c k , a n d D. A b b o t t , b e g a n o b s e r v a t i o n s i n 1 9 3 7 . C h r i s t m a s C o u n t s were c a r r i e d o u t b y H . S . B a l d w i n ( n o r e l a t i o n t o P . H . B a l d w i n ) a n d a s s o c i a t e s i n 1 9 3 7 , 1 9 3 8 , 1 9 4 0 ,

1 9 5 4 , a n d 1 9 5 5 . W. W. D u n m i r e r e c o r d e d a d d i t i o n a l o b s e r v a t i o n s o f '10 i n 1 9 6 1 . G . T. M o r r i s o n r e c o r d e d a l a r g e number o f s i g h t - i n g s a n d r e p o r t s i n 1 9 6 7 a n d 1 9 6 8 . P. C . Banko r e - s u r v e y e d t h e P. H . B a l d w i n p l o t s i n 1 9 7 3 a n d 1 9 7 4 . S . C o n a n t c o n d u c t e d s y s t e m a t i c m o n t h l y b i r d c o u n t s f r o m 1 9 7 3 t o 1 9 7 5 . O c c a s i o n a l o b s e r v a t i o n s o f '10 r e c o r d e d b y t h e a u t h o r a n d many P a r k e m - p l o y e e s s i n c e 1 9 6 6 h a v e p r o v i d e d c o n t i n u i t y o f s i g h t i n g s i n some a r e a s a n d f i l l e d i n d i s t r i b u t i o n a l g a p s i n l o c a l i t i e s n o t c o v e r e d by o t h e r s . Some 212 o b s e r v a t i o n s d o c u m e n t '10 o c c u r r e n c e i n t h e P a r k a n d p r o v i d e a n e x t e n s i v e l o n g - t e r m r e c o r d o f t h e i r p r e s e n c e ( 2 2 4 - 4 3 6 ) .

B a l d w i n ( 1 9 5 3 ) o b s e r v e d n o hawks d u r i n g 8 1 0 d a y s f r o m 1 9 4 0 t o 1 9 4 9 i n 1 0 o f 1 2 c e n s u s p l o t s , r e p r e s e n t i n g a w i d e r a n g e o f h a b i t a t s a n d e l e v a t i o n s i n t h e P a r k . The f r e q u e n c y o f o c c u r r e n c e o f '10 was 1% i n t h e Twin C r a t e r s ( T h u r s t o n L a v a T u b e ) p l o t a n d 8 % i n t h e ~ i p u k a p u a u l u ( B i r d P a r k ) p l o t ( 2 2 9 ) . The hawk was s e e n s p o r a d i c a l l y b y C h r i s t m a s C o u n t p a r t i c i p a n t s a n d o t h e r s d u r i n g t h e l a t e 1 9 3 0 ' s a n d m i d - 1 9 5 0 ' s ( 2 2 5 - 2 2 8 , 2 3 0 , 2 3 1 , 293-295 , 310-333 , 4 1 2 - 4 1 8 ) .

I n t h e e a r l y 1 9 6 0 ' s , W . W. D u n m i r e r e c o r d e d s e v e r a l '10 s i g h t i n g s , a d d i n g t o t h e d a t a b a s e p r o v i d e d e a r l i e r ( 2 3 2 , 2 3 3 , 2 5 6 ) . From 1 9 6 7 t h r o u g h 1 9 6 8 , G . T. M o r r i s o n i n d u s t r i o u s l y g e n - e r a t e d some 64 '10 s i g h t i n g s a n d r e p o r t s i n t h e P a r k a n d s u r - r o u n d i n g a r e a s b y h i m s e l f a n d o t h e r s ( 2 6 3 - 2 7 4 , 2 7 6 , 278-283 , 296-302 , 3 0 6 , 339-341, 343-346 , 348-353 , 3 5 5 , 358-375 , 4 2 1 - 4 2 6 ) . B a l d w i n ( 1 9 6 9 ) , a f t e r c o m p a r i n g d a t a h e o b t a i n e d f r o m 1 9 4 0 t o 1 9 4 9 w i t h t h a t o f M o r r i s o n ' s , t e n t a t i v e l y c o n c l u d e d t h a t t h e hawk h a d i n c r e a s e d a n d e x p a n d e d i t s r a n g e i n t h e P a r k d u r i n g t h e 3 0 - y e a r i n t e r v a l ( 2 3 5 ) .

The a u t h o r r e c o r d e d h i s '10 s i g h t i n g s as well a s t h o s e r e p o r t e d t o h im by c o o p e r a t o r s d u r i n g t h e l a t e 1 9 6 0 ' s a n d e a r l y 1 9 7 0 ' s ( 2 6 1 , 2 7 5 , 2 7 7 , 284-289 , 2 9 1 , 3 0 3 , 3 0 4 , 3 0 7 , 3 2 6 , 3 3 8 , 3 7 6 - 3 8 9 , 3 9 2 , 3 9 6 , 4 0 5 , 4 2 7 , 4 2 9 , 4 3 1 ) . One d e a d '10 w a s ob- s e r v e d b e i n g u s e d as a " s c a r e c r o w " t o d i s c o u r a g e p r e d a t i o n o n d o m e s t i c p o u l t r y f l o c k s a t ' x i n a h o u R a n c h , a n i n - h o l d i n g l a t e r i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o t h e P a r k ( 2 6 2 ) . Some s i g h t i n g s d o c u m e n t t h e r a r e o c c u r r e n c e o f '10 i n h a b i t a t s w h e r e i t h a d n o t p r e v i o u s l y b e e n o b s e r v e d ( 2 8 8 , 3 8 7 ) , w h i l e o t h e r s c o n f i r m t h e d i f f i c u l t y e x p e r i e n c e d i n f i n d i n g t h i s hawk a n y w h e r e ( 2 3 6 , 2 8 5 , 2 9 2 , 3 9 2 ) . R e c o r d s a l o n g t h e C h a i n o f C r a t e r s Highway f r o m b e l o w P a u a h i C r a t e r t o W a h a ' u l a V i s i t o r C e n t e r d r o p p e d o f f s h a r p l y a f t e r 1 9 6 8 d u e t o v o l c a n i c a c t i v i t y o f Mauna U l u w h i c h r e d u c e d o b s e r v a t i o n a l o p p o r t u n i t i e s a n d d e s t r o y e d much h a b i t a t n o t l o n g a f t e r t h e i n i - t i a l e r u p t i o n o f 24 May 1 9 6 9 ( 2 8 3 ) .

C o n a n t ( 1 9 7 5 ) and P. C . Banko c o n d u c t e d somewha t o v e r l a p p i n g b i r d c e n s u s e s i n t h e P a r k f r o m 1 9 7 2 t o 1 9 7 5 . Though d i f f e r e n t m e t h o d s were u s e d , t h e r e s u l t s w e r e r o u g h l y c o m p a r a b l e . N e i t h e r o b s e r v e r r e c o r d e d '10 i n t h e H i l i n a P a l i a r e a - - C o n a n t a f t e r a b o u t 1 6 m o n t h l y c e n s u s e s a n d Banko a f t e r 30 s u r v e y h o u r s d u r i n g o n e y e a r ( 2 3 9 , 2 4 0 ) . I n t h e T h u r s t o n L a v a Tube-Luamanu a r e a , C o n a n t r e c o r d e d l e s s t h a n o n e '10 p e r 40 h a ( 9 8 . 8 a c r e s ) w i t h 8 % f r e - q u e n c y o f o c c u r r e n c e ( 4 3 2 ) , w h i l e Banko saw n o n e i n 1 0 c e n s u s

h o u r s ( 4 0 0 , 4 0 4 ) . A t a s l i g h t l y h i g h e r e l e v a t i o n , C o n a n t ob- s e r v e d n o '10 o n s e v e n c e n s u s e s i n t h e K i p u k a p u a u l u T r e e M o l d s area a n d l e s s t h a n o n e '10 p e r 40 h a w i t h 8% f r e q u e n c y o f o c c u r - r e n c e i n t h e ~ T p u k a k i a rea 1 4 0 6 , 4 0 7 ) . Banko saw n o '10 i n 3 4 . 5

* c e n s u s h o u r s i n a n d a r o u n d ~ i p u k a k r ( 4 0 3 ) , b u t r e c o r d e d o n e i n 1 0 c e n s u s h o u r s a t b o t h ~ r p u k a ~ u a u l u a n d ~ i ~ u k a k u l a l i o ( 4 0 1 , 4 0 2 ) . H i g h e r o n t h e f l a n k o f Mauna L o a , C o n a n t f o u n d l e s s t h a n o n e '10 per 4 0 h a w i t h 8 % f r e q u e n c y o f o c c u r r e n c e i n u p p e r p a r k l a n d and

-- s u b a l p i n e s c r u b ( 4 3 5 ) , bu-k o b s e r v e d n o n e i n e i g h t c e n s u s e s h i g h e r u p a r o u n d 6 7 0 0 f e e t e l e v a t i o n . Banko d i d n o t see a n y '10 i n 9 . 5 c e n s u s h o u r s o n Mauna Loa T r a i l f r o m t h e t r a i l h e a d t o 7 4 0 0 f e e t e l e v a t i o n ( 4 3 6 ) . '10 h a d b e e n r e c o r d e d twice p r e v i o u s l y n e a r t h e e n d o f t h e Mauna Loa S t r i p Road , o n c e b y G . T . M o r r i s o n i n 1 9 6 8 ( 3 0 6 ) and o n c e b y J . K . B a k e r i n 1 9 7 1 ( 3 0 7 ) .

Near sea l e v e l , i n t h e K a l a p a n a a rea , '10 seem t o b e re- c o r d e d e r r a t i c a l l y ( 2 9 3 - 3 0 5 ) t h o u g h w i t h somewha t g r e a t e r r e g u - l a r i t y t h a n a n y w h e r e e l s e i n t h e P a r k ( 2 9 3 - 3 0 5 ) . C o n a n t ( 1 9 7 5 ) i n w o r k i n g f a r t h e r u p s l o p e , r e c o r d e d f i n d i n g l e s s t h a n o n e '10 p e r 40 h a i n s e v e n o f n i n e v e g e t a t i o n t y p e s s u r v e y e d d u r i n g t h e 1 9 7 6 t o 1 9 7 7 p e r i o d ( 3 0 5 ) .

I n t h e d i s j u n c t 1 0 , 0 0 0 - a c r e 'Gla ' a T r a c t a d m i n i s t e r e d b y t h e N a t i o n a l P a r k S e r v i c e , t h e r e seem t o b e o n l y a f e w r e c o r d s o f '10. W. P. M u l l r e p o r t e d two s e e n d u r i n g t h e 1 9 7 4 C h r i s t m a s C o u n t ( 2 3 7 ) . J . D. J a c o b i a n d F . W a r s h a u e r saw '10 o n o n l y t h r e e o c c a s i o n s w h i l e c o v e r i n g a b o u t 1 0 % o f t h e T r a c t o n 2 3 e x c u r s i o n s i n 1 9 7 4 a n d 1 9 7 5 ( 2 3 8 ) .

T h e r e a r e o n l y i n d i r e c t i n d i c a t i o n s o f '10 n e s t i n g i n t h e P a r k , t h e s i g h t i n g o f a f a m i l y a t Makaopuh i Cra te r i n 1 9 3 7 b y W . R . Donaghho a n d a n e s t f o u n d a b o u t L O O f e e t o u t s i d e t h e P a r k i n Keauhou Ranch b y t h e a u t h o r a n d P. C . Banko i n 1 9 7 6 ( 2 4 1 , 4 0 7 a ) .

Of 212 s i g h t i n g s o f '10 i n t h e P a r k , 209 w e r e o f s i n g l e b i r d s . T h r e e r e p o r t s were o f m o r e t h a n two '10 s e e n t o g e t h e r : t h r e e i n December 1 9 3 9 ; t h r e e i n S e p t e m b e r 1 9 6 7 ; a n d t h r e e i n November 1 9 7 8 ( 3 1 4 , 3 5 3 , 4 1 1 a ) .

~ T l a u e a D i s t r i c t

'10 h a v e b e e n n o t e d a l o n g t h e c o a s t i n K a l a p a n a , a d j a c e n t t o t h e P a r k ( 4 3 8 - 4 4 1 ) , n o r t h w a r d i n t h e Kapoho a rea ( 4 9 0 - 4 9 3 ) , n e a r H o n o l u l u L a n d i n g ( 526 , 527 ) , a n d f a r t h e r i n l a n d a r o u n d ~ Z h o a ( 4 8 8 , 4 8 9 , 5 2 5 ) .

I n V o l c a n o a n d l o w e r Keauhou R a n c h , s i g h t i n g s o f '10 by r e s i d e n t s h a v e b e e n n o t e d b o t h l o n g a g o a n d i n r e c e n t y e a r s ( 4 4 2 - 4 8 7 ) . A s i m i l a r s i t u a t i o n p r e v a i l s f r o m V o l c a n o t o t h e H i l o a r e a w h e r e '10 h a v e o c c a s i o n a l l y b e e n r e c o r d e d , u s u a l l y n e a r t h e B e l t Highway ( 5 1 4 - 5 2 4 ) o r a l o n g S t a i n b a c k Highway ( 4 9 4 - 5 1 1 ) .

T h e r e seems t o b e n o r e g u l a r i t y o r p a t t e r n t o t h e s e r e c o r d s , i n - c l u d i n g t h e f a c t t h a t s i g n i f i c a n t p e r i o d s o f time s p e n t l o o k i n g , e . g . , i n t h e P u ' u M a k a ' a l a N a t u r a l A r e a , may n o t r e s u l t i n s i g h t - i n g s ( 5 2 6 ) .

T h e r e a r e s e v e r a l e a r l y r e c o r d s o f '10 i n ~ i l a u e a D i s t r i c t t h a t a r e w o r t h y o f m e n t i o n . H . W . Henshaw c o l l e c t e d 1 4 s p e c i m e n s i n ' 6 1 a 1 a ( 5 1 2 ) and o n e i n K e a ' a u ( 5 1 3 ) , d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d 1 8 9 8 t o 1 9 0 0 . I n s p e c t i o n o f s p e c i m e n l a b e l s shows t h a t Henshaw ob- t a i n e d two '10 o n o n e d a y twice ( 2 7 S e p t . , 1 2 J a n . ) and t h r e e '10 o n a s i n g l e d a y o n c e ( 9 J u n e ) . The l a t e H . C . Sh ipman who s p e n t a l o n g l i f e t i m e i n t h e K e a ' a u a r e a , h o w e v e r , t h o u g h t t h a t t h e r e w e r e a b o u t a s many '10 i n t h e H a w a i i a n d i s t r i c t o f P u n a i n r e c e n t times a s t h e r e w e r e l o n g a g o ( 4 3 7 ) .

Mauna Kea ~ i s t r i c t

O t h e r t h a n C . P i c k e r i n g ' s 1 8 4 1 s i g h t i n g o f a n '10 o n h i s a s c e n t o f Mauna Kea f r o m H i l o ( l l ) , e a r l y r e c o r d s o f t h e hawk o n Mauna Kea c o n s i s t l a r g e l y o f 38 o r more s p e c i m e n s t a k e n i n H i l o a n d ~ a m z k u a b e t w e e n 1 8 7 5 and a b o u t 1 9 0 6 ( 5 2 8 - 5 3 1 , 5 4 5 , 5 4 6 , 553-558, 5 6 0 , 6 1 7 , 6 2 4 , 6 2 5 , 6 5 4 ) . The s o l e o b s e r v a t i o n r e c o r d e d i s t h a t o f L . H . M i l l e r who saw a n '10 i n 1 9 0 2 j u s t o u t s i d e H i l o f r o m a t r a i n bound f o r ' s l a ' a M i l l ( K e a ' a u ) ( 5 5 9 ) .

'10 h a v e b e e n r e c o r d e d i n H i l o c i t y p r o p e r 3 2 times i n r e - c e n t y e a r s ( 5 6 1 - 5 9 2 ) , m o r e t h a n i n a n y o t h e r a r e a o f s i m i l a r s i z e a l o n g t h e windward c o a s t . O b s e r v a t i o n s i n H i l o s i n c e 1 9 6 2 empha- s i z e t h e o c c u r r e n c e o f t h e hawk a l o n g t h e n a r r o w c a n y o n o f t h e W a i l u k u R i v e r ( 5 6 2 , 5 6 3 , 5 6 8 , 5 7 2 , 5 7 4 , 5 7 6 , 5 7 9 , 5 8 5 , 5 9 1 , 5 9 2 ) , b u t '10 h a v e a l s o b e e n r e c o r d e d many times o n l y a f e w miles o u t o f H i l o a l o n g t h e B e l t Highway t o V o l c a n o ( 5 6 4 , 5 6 5 , 5 6 7 , 5 6 9 , 5 7 3 , 5 7 5 , 5 8 7 , 5 8 8 , 5 9 0 ) . The d e p r e d a t i o n s o f '10 o n d o m e s t i c p o u l t r y d o c u m e n t e d e a r l i e r ( 1 6 9 - 1 7 2 , 2 6 2 ) h a v e a l s o b e e n o b s e r v e d i n t h e H i l o a r e a ( 5 6 1 ) .

'10 h a v e a l s o b e e n r e c o r d e d f a i r l y f r e q u e n t l y i n r e c e n t t imes a t c o n s i d e r a b l e e l e v a t i o n s a b o v e H i l o , m o s t l y i n f o r e s t s a l o n g t h e S a d d l e Road e x t e n d i n g u p w a r d s i n e l e v a t i o n f r o m 2000 t o 6 6 0 0 f e e t and d i s t a n t l y a s f a r a s P u ' u h u l u h u l u ( 2 5 miles away) w h e r e r e c o r d s e n d a b r u p t l y ( 5 3 9 - 5 4 3 , 5 4 8 - 5 5 2 ) . A s i n o t h e r a r e a s f r e q u e n t e d by t h i s hawk, h o w e v e r , s i g h t i n g s a r e u n p r e d i c t a b l e ( 5 4 4 ) .

A l a r g e g a p i n '10 r e c o r d s o c c u r s t h r o u g h o u t t h e v a s t a r i d u p p e r e l e v a t i o n s a d d l e a r e a b e t w e e n Mauna Kea a n d Mauna Loa f r o m P u ' u h u l u h u l u and t h e U . S . Army ' s P a h a k u l o a T r a i n i n g A r e a , west- ward t o P u ' u w a ' a w a ' a ( 5 3 8 ) . T h e r e a r e , h o w e v e r , t h r e e r e c o r d s o f '10 s i g h t e d o n t h e w e s t e r n f l a n k o f Mauna Kea , w h e r e r e m n a n t s o f a once -ex t e n s i v e mgmane-naio ( Sophora-Myoporum) f o r e s t s t i l l e x i s t u p t o a n e l e v a t i o n o f a b o u t 9000 f e e t i n d i c a t i n g some u s e , p e r h a p s t r a n s i e n t , o f t h e P u ' u ~ a ' z u a r e a ( 5 9 3 - 5 9 5 ) .

T h e g a p i n '10 r e c o r d s w h i c h e x t e n d s a c r o s s t h e Waimea p l a i n s b e t w e e n t h e K o h a l a m o u n t a i n s a n d Mauna Kea, n o t o n l y ap - p l i e s t o t h e p l a i n s t h e m s e l v e s a s m e n t i o n e d e a r l i e r , b u t e x i s t s u p w a r d s i n e l e v a t i o n a l o n g t h e n o r t h w e s t a n d n o r t h s l o p e s o f Mauna Kea t o t h e 1 i m i t s o f t h e r e m a i n i n g s p a r s e t r ee1 i n e .

On t h e n o r t h e a s t e r n , e a s t e r n , a n d s o u t h e a s t e r n s l o p e s o f Mauna Kea, h o w e v e r , t h e r e a r e n o l a c k o f r e c o r d s , i n c l u d i n g o n e o f n - e s t i n g ( 5 8 6 ) . The '10 h a s b e e n r e c o r d e d - a t e l e v a t i o n s a s h i g h a s t h e 8 0 0 0 t o 9000 f e e t r a n g e ( 5 9 7 ) i n t h e H a l e p s h a k u a rea , t h o u g h f r e q u e n c y o f s i g h t i n g s i n f o r e s t s o n Mauna Kea's l o w e r e a s t e r n f l a n k s a re much m o r e i n e v i d e n c e ( 5 9 8 - 6 0 6 , 6 1 7 - 6 2 3 ) . Many r e c o r d s d o c u m e n t r e c e n t o b s e r v a t i o n s o f '10 s o a r i n g i n g u l c h e s f a r t h e r down Mauna Kea's s l o p e s , e s p e c i a l l y a l o n g t h e B e l t Highway f r o m H o n o k a ' a s o u t h w a r d t o H i l o ( 6 0 7 - 6 1 6 , 6 3 4 - 6 5 8 ) . H. W . Henshaw c o l l e c t e d m o r e t h a n o n e '10 s p e c i m e n o n a s i n g l e d a y twice o n t h e l o w e r e a s t e r n s l o p e s o f Mauna Kea, o n c e i n Honomn when h e t o o k t w o , a n d a g a i n somewhere i n HZmHkua when h e o b t a i n e d f o u r o n 3 1 March ( B a n k o 1 9 7 8 m s . ) .

E x t r a - l i m i t a l Range

Kaua ' i

S i g h t i n g s o f h a w k s , q u i t e c e r t a i n l y '10, o n t h e i s l a n d o f Kaua ' i i n 1 7 7 8 a n d a g a i n a b o u t 1 8 7 9 , w e r e m e n t i o n e d e a r l i e r ( 6 5 9 - 6 6 1 ) . No o b s e r v a t i o n s a p p e a r t o h a v e b e e n made a f t e r 1 8 7 9 u n t i l 1 9 6 2 when a p a i r was r e p o r t e d b y G o u d i e ( 1 9 6 2 ) ( 6 6 2 ) . A n o t h e r '10 was r e p o r t e d l y s e e n i n 1 9 7 4 b y McLean ( 1 9 7 5 ) , b u t t h i s s i g h t i n g h a s b e e n q u e s t i o n e d ( 6 6 3 , 6 6 4 ) .

O ' a h u

The o n l y r e c o r d o f a n '10 o n O ' a h u seems t o b e t h a t made r e c e n t l y b y Byrd a n d Co leman ( 1 9 7 7 ) i n t h e P e a r l H a r b o r N a t i o n a l W i l d l i f e R e f u g e o n 28 S e p t e m b e r 1 9 7 7 ( 6 6 5 ) . I d e n t i f i c a t i o n was s u b s e q u e n t l y commented upon b y P y l e (197713) ( 6 6 5 ) .

Maui

A s c i t e d e a r l i e r , n a t i v e ~ a w a i i a n s t o l d ~ i l s o n ( ~ i l s o n & E v a n s 1 8 9 1 ) o f hawks i n t h e m o u n t a i n s o f Maui ( 6 6 7 ) . T. V a u g h n , a N a t i o n a l P a r k S e r v i c e n a t u r a l i s t , r e p o r t e d a p a i r o f '10 c i r c l i n g a b o u t 300 f e e t a b o v e t h e g r o u n d u p s l o p e f r o m t h e HZnZ A i r p o r t a t ~ a ' e l e k E i n 1 9 5 6 o r 1 9 5 7 . W r i g h t ( 1 9 6 8 ) , h i s t o r i a n a t B. P. B i s h o p Museum, s i g h t e d a n '10 b e t w e e n Kaup5 a n d K a n i o o n 1 0 A p r i l 1 9 6 8 ( 6 6 8 ) . T. Vaughn r e p o r t e d a n '10 s e e n i n KaupE Gap o n 2 J u n e 1 9 7 1 ( 6 6 9 ) , a n d w a t c h e d o n e s o a r i n g o v e r ~ u ' u m ~ m a n e i n H a l e a k a l a N a t i o n a l P a r k o n 2 3 J u n e 1 9 7 2 ( 6 7 0 ) .

D i s t r i b u t i o n A t S e a

Though t h e r e a r e n o r e c e n t r e p o r t s , '10 h a v e b e e n o b s e r v e d f a r a t s e a . Ridgway ( 1 8 7 5 ) r e p o r t e d t h a t a s p e c i m e n was s e c u r e d n e a r S a n F r a n c i s c o i n 1 8 7 0 , c a u s i n g some c o n f u s i o n a s t o i t s r e a l i d e n t i t y ( 6 7 3 ) . Henshaw ( 1 9 0 1 , 1 9 0 2 & ) , a w a r e o f ~ i d g w a y ' s f i n d - i n g s , c i t e s two o b s e r v a t i o n s o f hawks b o a r d i n g s a i l i n g s h i p s 200 and 400 miles, r e s p e c t i v e l y , f r o m t h e i s l a n d o f Hawai ' i , o n e i n 1 8 9 7 and t h e o t h e r a b o u t 1 9 0 2 . - One o f t h e s e b i r d s r e m a i n e d a b o a r d u n t i l i t f l e w o f f i n t h e d i r e c t i o n o f t h e C a l i f o r n i a c o a s t some d a y s l a t e r as s o o n as l a n d was s i g h t e d ( 6 7 1 , 6 7 2 ) . No '10 h a v e b e e n r e p o r t e d a t s e a s i n c e t h e d e m i s e o f l a r g e s a i l i n g v e s s e l s .

CHRONOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECORDS

Of t h e e x i s t i n g 6 7 3 '10 r e c o r d s , 652 w e r e c l a s s i f i e d ac - c o r d i n g t o d e c a d e o f o r i g i n and c o m p i l e d i n T a b l e 1. T h e r e i s a 5 6 - y e a r g a p i n r e c o r d s b e t w e e n t h e s i g h t i n g o f '10 o n K a u a ' i i n 1 7 7 8 and t h e d i s c o v e r y o f a d e a d o n e i n a l a v a t u b e o n Mauna Loa i n 1 8 3 4 ; a 3 9 - y e a r v o i d b e t w e e n 1840 and 1 8 7 9 o b s e r v a t i o n s ; and 3 5 y e a r s f r o m 1 9 0 2 t o 1 9 3 7 when no s i g h t i n g s w e r e r e p o r t e d . Mos t o b s e r v a t i o n s h a v e b e e n made s i n c e 1 9 3 7 , w i t h 586 o f t h e 652 s i g h t i n g s ( 9 0 % ) h a v i n g b e e n r e c o r d e d s i n c e 1 9 5 9 .

G a p s i n t h e r e c o r d u n d o u b t e d l y r e p r e s e n t p e r i o d s o f l i t t l e o r n i t h o l o g i c a l a c t i v i t y r a t h e r t h a n p o p u l a t i o n d e c l i n e s . T h a t m o s t o f t h e r e p o r t s h a v e c o m e a f t e r 1 9 5 9 r e f l e c t s t h e g r e a t i n - c r e a s e i n c i t i z e n o r n i t h o l o g y and s u b s e q u e n t u s e o f ' E l e p a i o , t h e o f f i c i a l j o u r n a l o f t h e ~ a w a i i Audubon S o c i e t y , f o r p u b l i c a t i o n o f s i g h t i n g s .

The r e c o r d e d o c c u r r e n c e o f '10 r e v e a l s u n e x p e c t e d a n o m a l i e s when t h e t o t a l r e c o r d i s e x a m i n e d c l o s e l y . A l t h o u g h l e s s t h a n 1% o f '10 r e c o r d s a p p l y t o t h e p e r i o d b e f o r e 1 9 1 0 , s i x o f 1 3 e x t r a - l i m i t a l o b s e r v a t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g o n e c o l l e c t i o n r e c o r d , w e r e made d u r i n g t h i s i n i t i a l 1 3 2 - y e a r p e r i o d . The s i x e x t r a - l i m i t a l p re -1910 n o t e s i n c l u d e two s i g h t i n g s o f '10 o n t h e i s l a n d o f K a u a ' i , o n e o n Maui , b o t h o b s e r v a t i o n s o f '10 s i g h t e d a t s e a , and t h e u n p r e c e d e n t e d c o l l e c t i o n o f a s p e c i m e n i n C a l i f o r n i a . The o b s e r v a t i o n o f '10 by o n e o f C a p t a i n J a m e s C o o k ' s n a t u r a l i s t s o n K a u a ' i , b u t n o m e n t i o n o f t h i s hawk i n t h e K e a l a k e k u a a r e a o f H a w a i ' i w h e r e m o s t o f t h e b i r d s c o l l e c t e d by C o o k ' s men w e r e t a k e n , i s p u z z l i n g .

TABLE 1. D i s t r i b u t i o n o f 652 '10 r e c o r d s by d e c a d e .

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECORDS

R e c o r d s o f '10 d i s t r i b u t i o n and r e l a t i v e abundance l i s t e d i n Appendix I h a v e been numbered s e q u e n t i a l l y i n c h r o n o l o g i c a l and g e o g r a p h i c a l o r d e r , as e x p l a i n e d e a r l i e r i n t h e I n t r o d u c t i o n t o P a r t I (CPSU/UH Avian H i s t o r y R e p o r t 4 ) . The t o t a l number o f o c c u r r e n c e r e c o r d s f o r t h e i s l a n d s o f K a u a ' i , O ' a h u , Maui, and H a w a i ' i a r e shown g e o g r a p h i c a l l y by q u a d r a n g l e i n F i g u r e s 1 and 2 ; however , n e g a t i v e r e c o r d s o u t s i d e o f q u a d r a n g l e s i n which t h e '10 was h i s t o r i c a l l y r e s i d e n t a r e n o t i n c l u d e d i n t h e number shown.

T h e r e seems t o be no r e c o r d o f '10 on any o f t h e Nor th- w e s t e r n Hawai ian I s l a n d s , N i ' i h a u , LZna' i , Moloka' i , o r Kaho 'o lawe .

ANALYSIS OF D I R E C T OBSERVATIONS

Acknowledged b i a s e s i n t h e h i s t o r i c a l r e c o r d d o n o t w h o l l y p r e c l u d e a p r e l i m i n a r y a n a l y s i s o f t h e d a t a . T e n t a t i v e c o n c h - s i o n s r e g a r d i n g normal and e x t r a - l i m i t a l r a n g e h a v e a l r e a d y been drawn. F u r t h e r i n f e r e n c e s o n t h e s u b j e c t s o f r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e , s o c i a l b e h a v i o r , and r e p r o d u c t i o n o f '10 may a l s o b e deduced f rom a g r o s s a n a l y s i s o f t h e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 673 r e c o r d s l i s t e d .

I n a d d i t i o n t o some b r o a d g a p s i n '10 r a n g e which a r e ap- p a r e n t , a c e r t a i n u n p r e d i c t a b i l i t y o f o c c u r r e n c e w i t h i n normal r a n g e a l s o seems e v i d e n t . The '10 h a s b e e n s i g h t e d f r e q u e n t l y , i n some c a s e s a l m o s t d a i l y , by a few p e o p l e ( 2 6 9 , 302 , 454 , 5 9 2 ) , w h i l e r e c o r d e d o n l y r a r e l y o r n o t a t a l l by t h e same o r o t h e r o b s e r v e r s a t d i f f e r e n t times i n t h e same g e n e r a l a r e a ( 2 9 2 , 305 ,

KAUA ' I

FIGURE 1. Distribution of observations, reports, and museum records of Buteo solitarius, per quadrangle, on islands of Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Maui, 1 7 7 8 4 9 7 8 .

HAWAI ' I

FIGURE 2. Distribution of observations, reports, and museum records of Buteo solitarius, per quadrangle, on Island of Hawai'i, 1841-1978.

4 5 0 , 4 9 5 , 4 9 7 ) . Some r e c o r d e r s h a v e a l s o r e p o r t e d s e e i n g s e v e r a l t o many hawks i n a s i n g l e d a y ( 7 6 , 8 0 , 9 1 ) .

Some 514 s i g h t i n g s o f '10 l e n d t h e m s e l v e s t o p r e l i m i n a r y s t a t e m e n t s r e g a r d i n g c e r t a i n a s p e c t s o f s o c i a l b e h a v i o r . I n 498 c a s e s w h e r e t h e number s e e n was o t h e r t h a n a b o u t t h e n e s t , 396 w e r e o f s i n g l e b i r d s . I n t h e 1 0 2 i n s t a n c e s w h e r e two o r m o r e '10 w e r e r e c o r d e d , o n l y 39 r e c o r d s c l e a r l y d o c u m e n t t h e i r a s s o c i - a t i o n t o g e t h e r , t h e b a l a n c e o f t h e 6 3 r e c o r d s b e i n g u n c l e a r o n t h i s p o i n t . T h u s , when t h e s p e c i e s i s s i g h t e d ( o t h e r t h a n a t t h e n e s t ) , t h e r e is o n l y a b o u t a n 8 % t o 20% c h a n c e o f o b s e r v i n g two o r more a s s o c i a t e d t o g e t h e r .

I n 3 8 o f t h e 39 a n a l y z a b l e c a s e s o f two o r more '10 s e e n t o g e t h e r , f r e q u e n c y o f s i g h t i n g s was r e c o r d e d o n l y o n e time e a c h i n May, J u n e , a n d J u l y . T h e s e i n f r e q u e n t s i g h t i n g s c o n t r a s t w i t h two t o f o u r o b s e r v a t i o n s n o t e d d u r i n g t h e r e m a i n i n g m o n t h s . Two o r m o r e '10 a s s o c i a t i n g t o g e t h e r w e r e r e c o r d e d more times i n December ( f i v e ) t h a n i n a n y o t h e r month .

T h e r e a r e o n l y 1 0 s i g h t i n g s o f t h r e e o r f o u r '10 t o g e t h e r o t h e r t h a n a t t h e n e s t . Two s i g h t i n g s o c c u r r e d i n S e p t e m b e r and two i n November w i t h o n e o b s e r v a t i o n e a c h i n O c t o b e r , December , J a n u a r y , a n d March. The s o l e s i g h t i n g o f f o u r hawks a s s o c i a t i n g t o g e t h e r , o t h e r t h a n a b o u t t h e n e s t , o c c u r r e d i n J u n e . T h i s g r o u p p r o b a b l y c o n s i s t e d o f p a r e n t s w i t h two f l e d g l i n g s , t h o u g h t h i s c a n n o t b e d e t e r m i n e d f r o m t h e r e c o r d . The month o f s i g h t i n g was n o t a v a i l a b l e f o r t h e r e m a i n i n g r e c o r d .

Though many o b s e r v a t i o n s a r e u n c l e a r r e g a r d i n g s p e c i f i c a c t i v i t y o f '10 when s e e n , m o s t o f t h e 5 4 1 n o n - n e s t i n g hawks w e r e a p p a r e n t l y o b s e r v e d f l y i n g . A t o t a l o f 67 s o l i t a r y '10 w e r e n o t e d c i r c l i n g o r s o a r i n g v e r s u s 23 r e c o r d e d p e r c h e d . The p r o - p o r t i o n s o f two o r m o r e hawks s e e n f l y i n g , s o a r i n g , o r p e r c h e d , w e r e n o t a n a l y z e d . O t h e r r e c o r d s o f '10 o c c u r r e n c e c o n s i s t s o l e l y o f a u d i b l e e v i d e n c e .

R e c o r d s o f young p r o d u c e d o r f l e d g e d a r e c o m p a r a t i v e l y s c a r c e . Of 1 7 o b s e r v a t i o n s i n d i c a t i n g n e s t i n g a c t i v i t y , n i n e g i v e t h e number o f young p r o d u c e d . I n f i v e c a s e s two young ap- p e a r e d t o h a v e b e e n p r o d u c e d ( 4 0 , 4 1 , 1 5 9 , 1 8 1 , 2 1 7 , 2 1 8 , 4 0 7 a ) , w h i l e o n l y a s i n g l e f l e d g l i n g was s e e n i n t h e r e m a i n i n g f o u r e x a m p l e s ( 6 4 , 1 3 1 , 1 5 6 , 4 4 2 ) .

COMPLETENESS OF DATA, BIAS, ERRONEOUS AND DOUBTFUL RECORDS

R e c o r d s i n Append ix I a r e b e l i e v e d t o b e c o m p l e t e f o r t h e s o u r c e s e x a m i n e d . No o b s e r v a t i o n o r r e p o r t e n c o u n t e r e d i n t h e l i t e r a t u r e s e a r c h was k n o w i n g l y o m i t t e d .

Frequency and d i s t r i b u t i o n a l a s p e c t s o f ' 10 o b s e r v a t i o n s shown i n F i g u r e s 1 and 2 a r e o b v i o u s l y b i a s e d i n f a v o r o f s i g h t - i n g s i n t h e N a t i o n a l P a r k , n e a r h ighways , t owns , and i n o t h e r a r e a s o f human a c t i v i t y . F a c t o r s which f a v o r v i s i b i l i t y o f '10 a l s o weigh a g a i n s t a n o b j e c t i v e r e c o r d . For example , t h e hawk i s m o s t o b v i o u s t o o b s e r v e r s when s o a r i n g , y e t i t i s known t o spend much o f i t s time p e r c h e d . Henshaw's ( 1 9 0 2 ) g e n e r a l i z a t i o n t h a t t h e '10 s h u n s t h e d e n s e f o r e s t ( 3 ) , and a s i m i l a r i n f e r e n c e by Munro - - ( 1 9 4 4 ) ( 2 2 ) , a r e a t l e a s t p a r t i a l l y r e f u t e d by o b s e r v a t i o n s o f S . Conan t , A . J . ~ e r g e r , and W. E. Banko, o f ' I o h e a r d o r -

g l i m p s e d i n heavy r a i n f o r e s t i n and n e a r ~ i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e ( 2 3 , 208 , 219, 4 4 7 ) .

Whi le '10 have been t h e o n l y broad-winged hawk ( B u t e o s p p . ) r e p o r t e d i n t h e Hawa i i an I s l a n d s , f a u l t y i d e n t i f i c a t i o n may h a v e o c c u r r e d . For example , i t is c o n c e i v a b l e t h a t o w l s may h a v e been r e p o r t e d a s '10. However, m o s t s e r i o u s o b s e r v e r s , t h o s e who k e e p n o t e s and p u b l i s h o b s e r v a t i o n s , a r e n o t l i k e l y t o have s e r i o u s l y f l a w e d t h e h i s t o r i c a l r e c o r d . I t seems more l i k e l y t h a n n o t t h a t t h e r e p o r t s c i t e d h a v e a b a s i s i n f a c t .

SUMMARY

The '10 i s a medium-s ized , l i g h t t o d a r k brown, m o s t l y s o l i t a r y , broad-winged hawk, endemic t o t h e i s l a n d o f Hawai ' i . H a b i t s and b r e e d i n g b i o l o g y o f t h i s u n p r e d i c t a b l y s i g h t e d a c c i p i t e r a r e v i r t u a l l y unknown.

L i t t l e o f t h e r e l a t i v e abundance and r a n g e o f '10 was r e c o r d e d d u r i n g t h e f i r s t c e n t u r y o f Hawa i i an h i s t o r y . F i v e s i g h t i n g s and t h e c o l l e c t i o n o f o n e spec imen d u r i n g t h e 1778 t o 1902 p e r i o d d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t '10 o n c e v i s i t e d s a i l i n g s h i p s f a r a t s e a and s u g g e s t t h a t t h e y p o s s i b l y t r a v e l e d t o n e i g h b o r i n g i s l a n d s more f r e q u e n t l y . O b s e r v a t i o n s and c o l l e c t i o n o f spec - imens by f i v e n a t u r a l i s t s f rom 1887 t o 1902 c h a r a c t e r i z e '10 p o p u l a t i o n s o f t h a t p e r i o d a s r a n g i n g f rom low t o h i g h e l e v a t i o n s and a s r e s i d e n t i n a l l m a j o r d i s t r i c t s , v a r y i n g f rom r a r e t o common i n r e l a t i v e abundance . S i g h t i n g s and c o l l e c t i o n r e c o r d s i n t h e 1 8 9 0 ' s s u g g e s t t h a t '10 were more numerous i n windward t h a n l e e w a r d f o r e s t s .

The '10 was r e c o r d e d by many o b s e r v e r s a t b o t h low and h i g h e l e v a t i o n s i n a l l ma jo r d i s t r i c t s o f ~ a w a i ' i i s l a n d d u r i n g t h e 1 9 6 0 ' s and 1 9 7 0 ' s . The r e c o r d o f s i g h t i n g s d u r i n g t h e contem- p o r a r y p e r i o d s u g g e s t t h a t t h e hawk i s r e l a t i v e l y more a b u n d a n t i n windward t h a n l e e w a r d f o r e s t s . Absence o f h i s t o r i c and con- t e m p o r a r y r e c o r d s s u g g e s t l a r g e g a p s i n '10 r a n g e i n l e e w a r d K o h a l a , i n t e r - m o u n t a i n s a d d l e s and p l a i n s , and a l o n g t h e w e s t e r n f l a n k o f Mauna Kea.

I n H a w a i i V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k '10 h a v e b e e n s e e n i n s p a r s e t o d e n s e f o r e s t s f r o m s e a l e v e l t o 6500 f e e t e l e v a t i o n by a h o s t o f o b s e r v e r s f o r m o r e t h a n 40 y e a r s , t h o u g h s e l d o m r e - c o r d e d o n c e n s u s t r a n s e c t s o r p l o t s . I t i s p o s s i b l e t h a t '10 may b e r e l a t i v e l y more a b u n d a n t now t h a n 40 y e a r s a g o , b u t t h e r e h a s r e c e n t l y b e e n a much l a r g e r number o f i n t e r e s t e d o b s e r v e r / r e c o r d e r s d u r i n g t h e p a s t d e c a d e , p e r h a p s l e a d i n g t o a f a l s e i m p r e s s i o n . O t h e r r e c o r d s i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e r e h a s b e e n a l o n g - t e r m - p o p u l a t i o n d e c l i - n e . O b s e r v a t i - o n s s u g g e s t i v e o f b r e e d i n g h a v e b e e n n o t e d o n o n l y two o c c a s i o n s .

S i g h t i n g s o f '10 o n t h e i s l a n d s o f Kaua ' i , O ' a h u , and Maui d u r i n g t h e c o n t e m p o r a r y p e r i o d l e n d c r e d i b i l i t y t o e x t r a - l i m i t a l o b s e r v a t i o n s made f r o m 1 7 7 8 t o 1 8 7 9 . No '10 h a v e b e e n r e p o r t e d a t s e a s i n c e a b o u t 1 9 0 2 .

A b s o l u t e o r n e a r - t o t a l g a p s o f 5 6 , 3 9 , and 35 y e a r s i n r e c o r d i n g '10 a r e a p p a r e n t . S o u r c e s o f b i a s d u e t o n u m b e r s and a c t i v i t y o f o b s e r v e r s ' a n d h a b i t s o f '10 e x i s t . R e c o r d e r r o r d u e t o m i s - i d e n t i f i c a t i o n is c o n s i d e r e d and f o u n d p r o b a b l y i n s i g n i f - i c a n t . An e a r l i e r a s s e r t i o n t h a t '10 a v o i d s t h e d e n s e f o r e s t i s p a r t i a l l y d i s p r o v e n .

A c o m p o s i t e i m p r e s s i o n d r a w n f r o m h u n d r e d s o f s i g h t i n g s i s t h a t t h i s hawk l i v e s a n e s s e n t i a l l y s o l i t a r y e x i s t e n c e , e x c e p t when n e s t i n g and r a i s i n g o n e o r two y o u n g ; s p e n d s much o f i t s t i m e l o c a l l y and s e d e n t a r i l y b e l o w t h e f o r e s t c a n o p y ; a n d , e x c e p t f o r o b s e r v e r s who may b e f a v o r a b l y p o s i t i o n e d , i s o n l y o c c a - s i o n a l l y a n d u n p r e d i c t a b l y s i g h t e d . A f e w o b s e r v a t i o n s s u g g e s t t h a t '10 s o m e t i m e s c o n g r e g a t e o r move l o n g d i s t a n c e s .

CONCLUSIONS

The a s s e m b l e d r e c o r d e s t a b l i s h e s t h e c o n t e m p o r a r y e x i s t e n c e o f '10 i n a l l d i s t r i c t s i n w h i c h i t was p r e s e n t 80 o r m o r e y e a r s ago . I n t e r v i e w s o f r e s i d e n t s a w a r e o f '10 o v e r a l o n g p e r i o d o f t ime, p l u s t h e o v e r a l l i m p r e s s i o n s g a i n e d by c l o s e e x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e h i s t o r i c a l r e c o r d , s u g g e s t more l o n g - t e r m p o p u l a t i o n d e c l i n e s t h a n l o n g - t e r m i n c r e a s e s . S u c h c o n c l u s i o n s m u s t be c o n s i d e r e d t e n t a t i v e d u e t o t h e a b s e n c e o f m o r e d e t a i l e d i n f o r m a t i o n . E x c e p t f o r H a w a i i V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k , w h e r e s p e c i f i c l o n g - t e r m c e n s u s d a t a h a v e b e e n c o l l e c t e d , t h e r e i s y e t n o f a c t u a l b a s i s f r o m w h i c h t h e o v e r a l l p o p u l a t i o n s i z e o r f u t u r e t r e n d may b e e s t i m a t e d . More i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e home r a n g e , l i f e r e q u i r e - m e n t s , a n d p o p u l a t i o n e c o l o g y o f t h e '10 i s n e e d e d .

OBSERVERS

Dona ld A b b o t t , C h a r l e s A i u , W i l l i a m A n d e r s o n , W . K . Andrews, James K . Baker, P a u l H . B a l d w i n , R o b e r t B a l d w i n , R o b e r t S . B a n a s h e k , C o n n i e Banko, P a u l C . Banko, P h i l i p Banko, W i n s t o n E. Banko, J o h n B e y e r , Norman C a r l s o n , Hampton C a r s o n , S h e i l a C o n a n t , H a r o l d G o C r a d d o c k , J o h n C r i e r , P a t r i c k C r o s l a n d , L o u i s C r u z , G . H . Dole, Walter R. Donaghho, M a r g a r e t E n g l i s h , J o h n F o r b e s , L a V i e v e F o r b e s , J o h n H . H a n s e n , V i o l e t Hansen , A r t h u r To H e w i t t , James J a c o b i , C a p t . P e t e r J o h n s o n , James J u v i k , Samuel Kamela- mela, Samuel Kawahara , War ren B. K i n g , V e r n o n M a K l e e n , S t a n l e y Kubo, Samuel Kumakahi, Edmund J . Ladd , R i c h a r d McBr ide , A. B . M e d e i r o s , W i l l i a m H . M e i n e c k e , Loye H . M i l l e r , Manual M i r a n d a , A . L. M i t c h e l l , S t e v e n L. Montgomery, Dav id Morris , G e o r g e T. M o r r i s o n , J . A. Morse, Roger Nass, J . d l A r c y Nor thwood , A l i c e Okumura, Dav id O l s o n , Gunnar O l s o n , Henry P a l m e r , Lawrence P a n k , R . C . L. P e r k i n s , T. L. P i c c o , C h a r l e s ~ i c k e r i n g , Thane K O P r a t t , R o b e r t P y l e , H . ~ r e d e r i c k Rice, J r . , Mrs. ~ r e d e r i c k ice, L . P. R i c h a r d s , Monty R i c h a r d s , G e o r g e S c h a t t a u e r , M a r g a r e t S c h a t t a u e r , S t a n l e y S c h l e g a l , L e e S h a c k e l t o n , H e r b e r t C . Sh ipman , G a r r e t t S m a t h e r s , A . C . S t e a r n s , Ted Sumner , P. Q u e n t i n Tomich , C h a r l e s v a n R i p e r 111, Thomas Vaughn, R o n a l d von H o l t , A l l e n W a l l , W . F r e d e r i c k W a r s h a u e r , E m i l Weiske.

Amadon, D . 1 9 4 5 . B i r d s s e e n o n ~ a w a i i . E l e p a i o 5 ( 1 1 ) : 71-72.

Anonymous. 1 9 5 4 . Rev iew. E l e p a i o 1 4 ( 9 ) : 6 5 .

. 1 9 5 5 . Summary o f C h r i s t m a s b i r d c o u n t - - K i l a u e a , H a w a i i . E l e p a i o 1 5 ( 8 )-: 47-51 ..- . 1 9 5 6 . Summary o f C h r i s t m a s b i r d c o u n t , H a w a i i N a t i o n a l P a r k ( K i l a u e a S e c t i o n ) , 1 9 5 5 . E l e p a i o 1 6 ( 8 ) : 40-42.

. 1 9 7 5 . u n t i t l e d . E l e p a i o 3 6 ( 2 ) : 22-23.

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B a l d w i n , P . H . 1 9 4 1 . Check l i s t o f t h e b i r d s o f t h e H a w a i i N a t i o n a l P a r k , K i l a u e a - M a u n a Loa S e c t i o n , w i t h r e m a r k s o n t h e p r e s e n t s t a t u s a n d a f i e l d k e y f o r t h e i r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n . Hawaii N a t i o n a l P a r k Nat. H i s t . B u l l . 7 : 38 p p .

. 1 9 5 3 . A n n u a l c y c l e , e n v i r o n m e n t and e v o l u t i o n i n t h e H a w a i i a n h o n e y c r e e p e r s ( A v e s : D r e p a n i i d a e ) . ~ n i v . C a l i f . P u b l . i n Z o o l . 52 : 285-398.

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B r y a n , W. A . 1 9 0 1 . A l i s t o f t h e H a w a i i a n b i r d s i n t h e S t . L o u i s C o l l e g e c o l l e c t i o n , H o n o l u l u , H . I . i n c l u d i n g s e v e r a l N . A . s p e c i e s . Auk 1 8 ( 4 ) : 382-387.

. 1 9 0 3 . ~ a w a i i a n b i r d s i n t h e c r a t e r o f ~ i l a u e a . Condor 5 ( 3 ) : 7 9 .

1 A l s o c o n t a i n s r e f e r e n c e s c i t e d i n ~ p p e n d i x I o n l y .

B r y a n , W . A . 1 9 0 6 . Nest o f t h e H a w a i i a n hawk. Occ. P a p . B . P . B i s h o p Museum 2 ( 4 ) : 20-21.

. 1 9 1 5 . N a t u r a l h i s t o r y o f Hawaii. H a w a i i a n G a z e t t e C o . , Hono lu l ' u . 596 p p .

B y r d , G . V . , a n d R. A. Coleman . 1 9 7 7 . P o s s i b l e s i g h t i n g o f a n '10 ( H a w a i i a n Hawk) o n Oahu. ' E l e p a i o 3 8 ( 6 ) : 6 7 .

~ o g s w e - 1 1 , H. L . 1 9 7 0 . - ~ r o m ..., Hayward , C a l i f o r n i a , Dec. 2 9 t h , 1 9 6 9 . E l e p a i o 3 0 ( 1 2 ) : 1 1 8 .

C o n a n t , S . 1 9 7 5 . A v i a n p o p u l a t i o n s i n Hawaii V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k a n d K i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e . E l e p a i o 3 5 ( 1 2 ) : 137-138 .

Cook , J . 1 7 8 4 . A v o y a g e t o t h e P a c i f i c O c e a n u n d e r t a k e n b y t h e Command o f H i s M a j e s t y f o r m a k i n g d i s c o v e r i e s i n t h e N o r t h e r n H e m i s p h e r e ... i n t h e y e a r s 1 7 7 6 , 1 7 7 7 , 1 7 7 8 , 1 7 7 9 a n d 1 7 8 0 . W a n d A S t r a h a n , London .

C u r l , A . L . 1 9 5 8 . B i r d i n g o n t h e o u t l y i n g i s l a n d s . E l e p a i o 1 8 ( 4 ) : 43-44.

D o l e , S . B. 1 8 7 9 . L i s t o f b i r d s o f t h e H a w a i i a n I s l a n d s . T h o s . G . Thrum, H o n o l u l u . ( 2 n d e d i t i o n ) 1 8 p p .

Donaghho , W . R . 1 9 4 0 . A l i s t o f b i r d s n o t e d o n t h e i s l a n d o f H a w a i i i n May 1 9 4 0 . E l e p a i o l ( 4 ) : 20-21.

. 1 9 4 7 . J o u r n a l o f o r n i t h o l o g i c a l work i n Hawaii N a t i o n a l P a r k d u r i n g t h e summer o f 1 9 3 7 . E l e p a i o 7 ( 1 1 ) : 64 -66 .

. 1 9 4 7 s . J o u r n a l o f o r n i t h o l o g i c a l work i n Hawaii N a t i o n a l P a r k d u r i n g t h e summer o f 1 9 3 7 . E l e p a i o 7 ( 1 2 ) : 69-70 .

. 1 9 5 1 . J o u r n a l o f o r n i t h o l o g i c a l work d u r i n g t h e summer o f 1 9 3 7 . E l e p a i o l l(11): 62-65.

. 1 9 5 1 s . J o u r n a l o f o r n i t h o l o g i c a l work d u r i n g t h e summer o f 1 9 3 7 . E l e p a i o 1 2 ( 4 ) : 26-28 .

. 1 9 6 6 . The c a m p e r s a f a r i . E l e p a i o 2 7 ( 3 ) : 21-23 .

. 1 9 6 8 . H i g h l i g h t s o f t h e Crowder Hawaii B i r d T o u r . E l e p a i o 2 8 ( 1 2 ) : 1 0 7 - 1 0 9 .

. 1 9 7 1 . K o h a l a M o u n t a i n s s c i e n t i f i c E x p e d i t i o n . ~ l e p a i o 3 1 (11 ) : 1 0 1 - 1 Q 3 .

. 1 9 7 5 . F i e l d n o t e s . . . . ' E l e p a i o 3 6 ( 6 ) : 69-70 .

D u n m i r e , W . W . 1 9 6 0 . P e t e r s o n ' s v i s i t o n t h e i s l a n d o f H a w a i i . E l e p a i o 2 1 ( 3 ) : 12-13 .

. 1 9 6 1 . B i r d s o f t h e n a t i o n a l p a r k s i n Hawaii. Hawaii N a t u r a l H i s t o r y A s s o c . 36 p p .

. 1 9 6 2 . B i r d p o p u l a t i o n s i n Hawaii V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k . E l e p a i o 2 2 ( 9 ) : 65-70.

E a s t m a n , W . , a n d K . E a s t m a n . 1 9 5 8 . B i r d s t u d y i n t h e H a w a i i a n I s l a n d s i s a s t i m u l a t i n g e x p e r i e n c e . ~ l e p a i o 1 9 ( 1 ) : 1 - 5 .

E i s e n m a n n , E . 1 9 6 1 . O b s e r v a t i o n s o n b i r d s o n t h e i s l a n d o f H a w a i i . ~ l e p a i o 2 1 ( 9 ) : 66-70 .

~ a g n 6 , W . ( c o m p i l e r ) . 1 9 7 3 . V o l c a n o , H a w a i i C h r i s t m a s c o u n t . E l e p a i o 3 3 ( 8 ) : 87-90.

G i l l , L . 1 9 4 6 . A t r i p t o H a w a i i . E l e p a i o 6 ( 1 1 ) : 75-78 .

G o u d i e , D . M . 1 9 6 2 . L e t t e r t o G r e n v i l l e H a t c h r e p o r t i n g two items o f i n t e r e s t t o Hawaii b i r d e r s . ~ l e p a i o 2 2 ( 1 1 ) : 8 3 .

H a n s e n , R . B . 1 9 7 5 . F i e l d n o t e s . . . . E l e p a i o 3 5 ( 9 ) : 104-106 .

H a t c h G . 1 9 6 7 . Hawaii r e v i s i t e d . E l e p a i o 2 8 ( 3 ) : 20-21.

H a t c h , G . , D . W o o d s i d e , a n d G . K r a l l . 1 9 4 1 . F o r t y - f i r s t C h r i s t m a s B i r d C e n s u s . S u p p l . t o Audubon M a g a z i n e , J a n - F e b 1 4 8 .

Henshaw, H . W . 1 9 0 1 . B i r d s o f p r e y a s o c e a n w a i f s . Auk 1 8 ( 2 ) : 162-165 .

. 1 9 0 2 . B i r d s o f t h e H a w a i i a n I s l a n d s , b e i n g a c o m p l e t e P i s t o f t h e b i r d s o f t h e H a w a i i a n P o s s e s s i o n s w i t h n o t e s o n t h e i r h a b i t s . T h o s . G . Thrum, H o n o l u l u . 1 4 6 p p .

. 1 9 0 2 2 . On t h e v a r i o u s p l u m a g e s o f B u t e o s o l i t a r i u s . I b i s 2 ( 2 5 ) : 386-392.

1 9 0 2 b . - B u t e o s o l i t a r i u s o f f t h e c o a s t o f ~ a w a i i . Auk 1 9 ( 2 ) : 197-198 .

Hodge , P. H . 1 9 7 1 . F i e l d n o t e s f r o m . . . l 9 O c t o b e r 1 9 7 0 . E l e p a i o 3 2 ( 2 ) : 1 7 .

K a t a h i r a , L . ( c o m p i l e r ) . 1 9 7 8 . H i g h l i g h t s o f t h e V o l c a n o , H a w a i i C h r i s t m a s c o u n t . ' E l e p a i o 3 8 ( 1 0 ) : 112-114 .

K e i t h , G . 1 9 6 8 . ( e x t r a c t f r o m March 3 1 , 1 9 6 8 l e t t e r ) . ~ l e p a i o 2 8 ( 1 2 ) : 1 1 0 .

K i n g , B . 1 9 6 1 . F i e l d n o t e s i n Hawaii. E l e p a i o 2 2 ( 1 ) : 1 -3 .

K i n g , W . B. , a n d D. B r a t l e y . 1 9 6 4 . B i r d s o n Hawai'i ' B i g I s l a n d . ' ~ l e p a i o 2 5 ( 2 ) : 8 .

Mayr , E . 1 9 4 3 . T h e z o o g e o g r a p h i c p o s i t i o n o f t h e H a w a i i a n I s l a n d s . Condor 4 5 ( 2 ) : 45-48 .

McLean, B. A. 1 9 7 5 . ( l e t t e r t o Hawaii ~ u d u b o n S o c i e t y ) . E l e p a i o 3 5 ( 1 2 ) : 139-140 .

M o r r - i s o n , G . T. 1 9 6 9 . H a w a i i a n hawk. ~ l e ~ a i o 2 9 ( 9 ) : 75-89 .

M u l l , M . E. 1 9 7 4 . ( l e t t e r , 1 9 O c t o b e r 1 9 7 3 ) . E l e p a i o 3 4 ( 7 ) : 8 1 .

M u l l , W . P . 1 9 7 4 . V o l c a n o , Hawaii, C h r i s t m a s c o u n t 30 Dec., 1 9 7 3 . E l e p a i o 3 4 ( 1 0 ) : 118-119 .

. 1 9 7 5 . V o l c a n o , H a w a i i , C h r i s t m a s c o u n t . E l e p a i o 3 5 ( 8 ) : 90-92.

Munro , G . C. 1 9 4 4 . B i r d s o f Hawaii. Tongg P u b l i s h i n g C o . , H o n o l u l u . 1 8 9 p p .

. 1 9 4 6 . The H a w a i i a n b i r d s u r v e y o f 1935-37 . ~ l e p a i o 7 ( 1 ) : 3-5.

N o r t h w o o d , R . P . 1 9 9 5 . F rom. . . . E l e p a i o 3 5 ( 1 2 ) : 1 4 0 - 1 4 1 .

O r d , W . M . 1 9 6 7 . N a t i o n a l Audubon S o c i e t y T o u r , November 1 6 - 2 3 , 1 9 6 7 . E l e p a i o 2 7 ( 8 ) : 74-75 .

O r e n s t e i n , R. 1 9 6 8 . B i r d s o f t h e Crowder ' B i r d s o f H a w a i i ' T o u r , December 2 3 , 1 9 6 7 t o J a n u a r y 5 , 1 9 6 8 . E l e p a i o 2 9 ( 3 ) : 21 -27 ,

P e a l e , T. R. 1 8 4 8 . Mammalia a n d o r n i t h o l o g y ( i n U . S . E x p l o r i n g E x p e d i t i o n d u r i n g t h e y e a r s 1 8 3 8 , 1 8 3 9 , 1 8 4 0 , 1 8 4 1 , 1 8 4 2 . V o l . V I I I ) . C . S h e r m a n , P h i l a d e l p h i a . Pp . 62-250.

P e r k i n s , R . C . L . 1 8 9 3 . N o t e s o n c o l l e c t i n g i n Kona , H a w a i i . I b i s 5 ( 8 ) : 1 0 1 - 1 1 2 .

. 1 9 0 3 . F a u n a H a w a i i e n s i s , l ( V 1 ) . V e r t e b r a t a , 365-466. Cambr i d g e - a t - t h e - U n i v e r s i t y - P r e s s .

P r a t t , T. 1 9 6 7 . F i e l d n o t e s ... Kamue la , Hawaii. E l e p a i o 2 7 ( 1 2 ) : 112-113 .

P u n g , E. 1 9 7 3 . H a w a i i a n hawk t a k e s t o e u c a l y p t u s . O r c h i d I s l e , S u n d a y S u p p l e m e n t , S e p t e m b e r 1 6 - 2 2 .

P y l e , R . L . 1 9 7 7 9 . P r e l i m i n a r y l i s t o f t h e b i r d s o f H a w a i ' i . ' E l e p a i o 3 7 ( 1 0 ) : 110-121 .

. 1 9 7 7 b . Comment o n t h e Hawk s i g h t i n g . ' E l e p a i o 3 8 ( 6 ) : 6 7 .

R i d g w a y , R. 1 8 7 5 . N o t i c e o f a v e r y r a r e hawk. Rod and Gun 6 ( 5 ) .

R o t h s c h i l d , W. 1 9 0 0 . The a v i f a u n a o f L a y s a n a n d t h e n e i g h b o r i n g i s l a n d s w i t h a c o m p l e t e h i s t o r y t o d a t e o f t h e b i r d s o f t h e ~ a w a i i a n P o s s e s s i o n s , P a r t 111. R. H . P o r t e r , London.

S c h w a r t z , C. W . , a n d E. R . S c h w a r t z . 1 9 5 1 . An e c o l o g i c a l r e c o n n a i s s a n c e o f t h e p h e a s a n t s i n ~ a w a i i . Auk 6 8 ( 3 ) : 281-314.

S c l a t e r , P . L. 1 8 8 1 . On t h e b i r d s c o l l e c t e d i n t h e S a n d w i c h I s l a n d s ( i n r e p o r t o n t h e s c i e n t i f i c r e s u l t s o f t h e v o y a g e o f H . M . S . C h a l l e n g e r d u r i n g t h e y e a r s 1 8 7 3 - 7 6 , Z o o l o g y - V o . 1 1 ) Her ~ a j e s t y ' s S t a t i o n e r y O f f i c e : 93-99.

S h a l l e n b e r g e r , R . J . 1 9 7 7 . B i r d a n d m a m m a l s u r v e y o f Army l a n d s i n H a w a i i . P a r t 111. ( 1 3 s i t e s ) . Ahuimanu ~ r o d u c t i o n s ( O a h u ) .

S h a l l e n b e r g e r , R . J . , a n d G. K . Vaughn . 1 9 7 8 . A v i f a u n a l s u r v e y i n t h e c e n t r a l K o o l a u R a n g e , Oahu. Ahuimanu P r o d u c t . i o n s ( O a h u ) . 1 0 6 p p .

S m i t h , H . E . , a n d J . D. J a c o b i . 1 9 7 4 . F i e l d n o t e s f r o m t h e B i g I s l a n d . E l e p a i o 3 5 ( 2 ) : 20-21.

S m i t h , S . , a n d D . S m i t h . 1 9 7 1 . F i e l d n o t e s . E l e p a i o 3 2 ( 3 ) : 1 6 .

S t e a r n s , E . I . 1 9 6 1 . D r a g o n f l y ' a t t a c k s ' H a w a i i a n hawk. C o n d o r 6 3 ( 4 ) : 3 4 2 .

S t r e s e m a n n , E. 1 9 5 0 . B i r d s c o l l e c t e d d u r i n g C a p t a i n C o o k ' s l a s t e x p e d i t i o n ( 1 7 7 6 - 1 7 8 0 ) . A u k ( 1 ) : 66-88 .

S t r o b u r g , C . K. 1 9 7 1 . F i e l d n o t e s . ~ l e p a i o 3 2 ( 3 ) : 1 6 - 1 7 .

T o m i c h , M. L. 1 9 7 5 . A b o t a n i c a l s u r v e y a t K a l o p a S t a t e R e c r e a - t i o n A r e a . ~ l e p a i o 3 6 ( 5 ) : 64-65 .

T o m i c h , P . Q. 1 9 7 1 . N o t e s o n f o o d s a n d f e e d i n g b e h a v i o r o f r a p t o r i a l b i r d s i n H a w a i i . E l e p a i o 3 1 ( 1 2 ) : 111-114 .

v a n R i p e r , C . , 111. 1 9 7 3 . I s l a n d o f Hawaii l a n d b i r d d i s t r i - b u t i o n a n d a b u n d a n c e . E l e p a i o 3 4 ( 1 ) : 1 -3 .

W a l k e r , R . L . 1 9 6 2 . F i e l d n o t e s . E l e p a i o 2 3 ( 5 ) : 2 7 .

. 1 9 6 8 . F i e l d n o t e . . . F e b . 1 2 , 1 9 6 8 , Mauna Kea. E l e p a i o 2 8 (11 ) : 98-99.

. 1 9 6 9 . F i e l d n o t e s f r o m . . . 1 9 5 8 t o 1 9 6 2 : H a w a i i a n hawk. E l e p a i o 3 0 ( 2 ) : 1 7 .

W h i t t e n , H . 1 9 7 7 . F i s h a n d W i l d l i f e s e r v i c e f i n d s a l m o s t 40 ' O ' u o n B i g I s l a n d ( e x c e r p t ) . ' E l e p a i o 3 8 ( 4 ) : 46-47 .

~ i l s o n , E. 1 9 7 4 . From ... H o n o l u l u , 20 J a n u a r y 1 9 7 4 . r . . E l e p a i o 3 4 ( 9 ) : 1 0 5 .

W i l s o n , S . B. , a n d A. H . E v a n s . 1 8 9 1 . A v e s H a w a i i e n s i s : T h e b i r d s o f t h e S a n d w i c h I s l a n d s , P a r t 11. R. H . P o r t e r , London .

W i l s o n , W. F . ( c o m p i l e r ) . 1 9 1 9 . avid D o u g l a s , b o t a n i s t a t H a w a i i , H o n o l u l u . -

W r i g h t , J . C. 1 9 6 8 . U n t i t l e d . E l e p a i o 2 8 ( 1 2 ) : 1 0 9 .

Yocom, C. F. 1 9 6 8 . B i r d s o f H a l e a k a l a N a t i o n a l P a r k , ~ a u i , H a w a i i . p a c i f i c Sc i . 2 2 ( 2 ) : 281-284.

Yuen, H . 1 9 7 0 . F i e l d n o t e s f r o m . . . . E l e p a i o 3 0 ( 7 ) : 6 6 .

UNPUBLISHED SOURCES CITED

Banko , W . E . 1 9 7 8 m s . S p e c i m e n s i n museum c o l l e c t i o n s .

P i c k e r i n g , C . 1 8 4 0 - 1 8 4 1 f i e l d n o t e s .

M o r r i s o n , G . T. 1967-1968 r e c o r d s o f H a w a i i a n hawks s e e n a n d r e p o r t e d o u t s i d e Hawaii V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k .

Banko , W. E . 1965-1978 f i e l d n o t e s a n d i n t e r v i e w s .

T o m i c h , P. Q. 1961-1968 f i e l d n o t e s .

N o r t h w o o d , J. d ' A r c y . 1924-1942 f i e l d n o t e s . \

B a l d w i n , P. H . 1938-1949 f i e l d n o t e s .

Montgomery , S. L. 19-22 December 1 9 6 9 , 12 -13 J a n u a r y 1 9 7 0 f i e l d n o t e s .

U . S . F i s h a n d W i l d l i f e S e r v i c e . 1969-1975 f i l e o f e n d a n - g e r e d b i r d s r e p o r t e d t o Mauna Loa F i e l d S t a t i o n , Hawaii V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k .

v a n R i p e r , C . , 111. 1970-1972 f i e l d n o t e s .

11. Tomich , P . Q. 7 J a n u a r y 1 9 7 2 l e t t e r .

1 2 . P e r k i n s , R. C . L. 1892-1895 f i e l d n o t e s .

1 3 . ~ i c h a r d s , L. P. 1 9 5 0 - 1 9 5 1 f i e l d n o t e s .

1 4 . K i n g , W . B . 1 9 7 0 J u n e - S e p t e m b e r f i e l d n o t e s .

1 5 . B a n k o , P. C . 1973-1978 f i e l d n o t e s .

Berger , A. J . 1972 Technical Report No. 11, I n t e r n a t i o n a l B io log i ca l Program. B i rds of t h e Ki lauea F o r e s t Reserve, a p rog re s s r e p o r t . U n i v e r s i t y of Hawaii, H o n o l u l u .

Hawaii S t a t e D iv i s ion of F i sh and Game. 3 September 1963 summary r e p o r t on r e - e s t ab l i shmen t of nene on i s l a n d of Maui.

Conant, S. 1975 Technica l Report No. 74, I n t e r n a t i o n a l B io log i ca l Program. S p a t i a l d i s t r i b u t i o n of b i r d s p e c i e s on t h e e a s t f l a n k of Mauna Loa. Un ive r s i t y of Hawaii, Honolulu.

Shipman, H. C . 18 February 1970 in t e rv i ew i n Hi lo by Winston E. Banko.

U . S. F i sh and W i l d l i f e Se rv i ce . W i l d l i f e Damage Research S t a t i o n ( H i l o ) personne l , pe r sona l communication.

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J a c o b i , J . D., and F . R. Warshauer. 1 2 October 1975 r e p o r t . A p r e l imina ry b i o e c o l o g i c a l survey of t h e Olaa T r a c t , Hawaii Volcanoes Nat iona l Park (p repa red f o r Hawaii Na tu ra l H i s to ry A s s o c i a t i o n ) .

Donaghho, W. R. 1937 r e p o r t of b i r d s tudy p r o j e c t t o Supe r in t enden t , Hawaii Na t iona l Park.

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A P P E N D I X I

1. Observations, r e p o r t s , and specimen records a r e organized by i s l and group, i s l a n d , d i s t r i c t , and/or quadrangle map. Order of l i s t i n g , names and l o c a t i o n s of d i s t r i c t , and quadrangle boundaries a r e explained and i l l u s t r a t e d i n CPSU/UH Avian History Report 4: In t roduct ion t o P a r t I , Population Histor ies--Species Accounts.

2. Acronyms composed of the f i r s t t h r e e l e t t e r s of the a u t h o r ' s ( o r sen ior a u t h o r ' s ) l a s t name, the i n i t i a l l e t t e r of the f i r s t name, and l a s t two d i g i t s of the year of pub l i ca t ion r ep resen t sources found i n the bibl ioqraphy under References - - - Cited . For example, BRYWOl = Bryan, W . A . , and Alvin Sea le . 1 9 0 1 . Notes on the b i r d s of Kauai. Bishop Museum Occ. Papers. l ( 3 ) : 129-137. In cases where i t i s necessary t o d i s t i n g u i s h between two or more a r t i c l e s published by an author i n any given year , l e t t e r s a r e added t o the acronym i n a l p h a b e t i c a l sequence, e.g. , BRYWOla = Bryan, W. A . i 9 0 1 . A key t o the b i r d s o f the Hawaiian qroup. Bishop Museum Press . 76 pp.

Pa ren the t i ca l numbers such a s ( 5 ) , r ep resen t re ferences 1 i s t e d under Unpublished Sources Cited i n the bibl iography.

3 . Place-names a r e c i t e d i n o r i g i n a l form.

4 . Pa ren the t i ca l information is q u a l i f i e d .

R e l a t i v e ~ b u n d a n c e / L o c a l i t y E l e v . ( f t . ) D a t e

Bu teo s o l i t a r i u s

S o u t h e a s t e r n Hawai ian I s l a n d s

ISLANDSW I D E INFERENCE

1 from what we c o u l d l e a r n from t h e n a t i v e s .... c a . 1840 ( '10) i n h a b i t s o n l y i s l a n d o f Hawai i

( 1 8 7 9 ) l a r a r e / on i s l a n d s o t h e r t h a n Hawai i . . . .

I s l a n d o f H a w a i ' i

ISLANDWIDE INFERENCE

2 ( r e s i d e n t ) . . . . 2b mus t b e c o n s i d e r e d r a r e ; o n l y 7 s p e c i m e n s ....

o b t a i n e d

3 by no means a r a r e b i r d , t hough i t is .... n o t h i n g l i k e s o common a s i t used t o be i n t h e o l d d a y s . . . c o l l e c t e d more t h a n 30 s p e c i - mens windward Hawa i i . . . shuns t h e d e n s e f o r e s t . . . l i v e s upon i t s e d g e s

4 s t i l l f a i r l y common .... 5 o f t e n s e e n i n g r o u p s f rom September t o . . . .

J a n u a r y . . . i n v a r i a b l y s i n g l e b i r d s f rom F e b r u a r y t o Augus t . . . ( 5 3 r e c o r d s )

6 e x i s t s i n s u c h few numbers a s t o be o f .... ( 1 9 5 1 ) l i t t l e i n f l u e n c e a s a winged p r e d a t o r ( o f game b i r d s )

7 e s t i m a t e p o p u l a t i o n o f a b o u t 250-350 i n d i v i d u a l s

.... ( 2 3 Dec. 1967 - ( 5 J a n . 1 9 6 8 )

S o u r c e

DOLS 7 9

WILS91

UNDESIGNATED DISTRICT(S)

8 s e e n

9 P a l m e r p r o c u r e d n i n e s p e c i m e n s

1 0 W . Banko: 1 4 s p e c i m e n s c o l l e c t e d

11 P i c k e r i n g : s e e n / a s c e n t o f Mauna Kea f r o m H i l o

1 5 J a n . 1 8 4 1

1 2 f a i r l y common i n some l o c a l i t i e s

1 3 o b t a i n e d a p p r o x i m a t e l y 50 r e c o r d s . . . d u r i n g v a r i o u s v i s i t s a n d p e r i o d s o f r e s i d e n c e

1 4 t w o s e e n i n f o r e s t c l e a r i n g s

1 5 two s e e n

23 Mar.-14 A p r i l 1 9 5 8

26 O c t . 1 9 6 0

11 J u l y 1 9 6 7

26 Dec. 1 9 6 7

1 6 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n / Highway 11

1 7 t h r e e s e e n / o v e r Mauna Loa s l o p e s ... a l o n g t h e K i l a u e a - K o n a r o a d

1 8 hawks f l e w o v e r / o n t h e t r i p b e t w e e n H i l o a n d Kona

( 3 1 Mar. 1 9 6 8 )

( 1 9 Oct . 1 9 7 0 ) 1 9 saw o n e / o n t h e way t o P o h a k u l o a camp

MULTIDISTRICT

20 n o t r a r e a n d i n some l o c a l i t i e s common / i n a l l d i s t r i c t s . . . i n Kona t h e r a n g e ... i s f r o m a h u n d r e d o r two h u n d r e d f e e t . . . t o 5 , 0 0 0 f t .

( 1 8 9 2 - 1 8 9 6 )

( J u n e - O c t . 1 8 9 2 ) 2 1 common / o n Mauna L o a , e x t e n d i n g i t s r a n g e f r o m n e a r t h e sea l e v e l t o h i g h u p t h e m o u n t a i n s

I s l a n d o f ~ a w a i ' i - - ( C o n t i n u e d )

MULTIDISTRICT ( c o n ' t . )

22 now r e d u c e d i n numbers b u t s t i l l well d i s - 2000- ( 1 9 4 4 ) t r i b u t e d o v e r t h e i s l a n d . . . f a v o r i n g t h e 5000 o u t e r , more open f o r e s t s r a t h e r t h a n v e r y d e n s e r a i n f o r e s t

23 W . Banko: 22 c e n s u s e d i n 255 h o u r s s u r v e y i n g .... 1 8 Dec. 1968 - small f o r e s t b i r d s ( 1 5 i n 38 c e n s u s h o u r s i n 30 Dec. 1973 heavy r a i n f o r e s t f rom end o f W r i g h t Road t o S t a i n b a c k Highway v i a K u l a n i c o n e ; KULANI q u a d . ) / v a r i o u s f o r e s t h a b i t a t s i n Kona, Kau, K i l a u e a and Mauna Kea

24 W . Banko: Kawahara sees a n a v e r a g e o f o n c e a week.. .on d a i l y round t r i p / a l o n g S t a i n b a c k Highway f rom K u l a n i Honor Camp t o B e l t Highway

. . . . ( 4 Feb. 1 9 6 9 )

25 USFWS s u r v e y team: more t h a n 60 s e e n / 3500- May-Aug. 1977 f rom Hawai i N a t i o n a l P a r k t o NE s l o p e s 4900 o f Mauna Kea, 2700 o b s e r v a t i o n s t o p s , 204 t r a n s e c t miles

26 Tomich: u n r e c o r d e d s i g h t i n g s p a s t 3 y e a r s s u g g e s t s t a b l e o r i n c r e a s e d popu- l a t i o n / (Hamakua C o a s t i n c l u d i n g S Koha la w a t e r s h e d )

Koha l a ~ i s t r i c t

UNDESIGNATED LOCALITY

27 saw s e v e r a l / Koha la Mtns.

.... ( 1 9 O c t . 1 9 7 1 )

28 M o r r i s o n : Ladd saw o n e p e r c h e d 2200 7 Mar. 1968

29 M o r r i s o n : C ruz saw s e v e r a l a t v a r i o u s p l a c e s .... 11 Nov. 1968 d u r i n g r e c e n t t r i p / ~ a i m e a - K o h a l a a r e a

MUNG 4 4

30 s e e n i n two t r i p s / Kohala Mtns. . . .up t h e . . . . s l o p e s f rom t h e Kauakine Cab in on t h e r im of Honopua V a l l e y .... t o a b o u t 3000 f t . . . . and beyond Kukui g u l c h . . . a l o n g Kohala D i t c h T r a i l

MULTIQUADRANGLE

31 W . Banko: S t e a r n s r e p o r t s '10 abundance / .... i n t h e l a r g e r s t r e a m v a l l e y s , Kohala F o r e s t R e s e r v e

32 s p e c i m e n s o b t a i n e d / h i l l s above P u u i k i , . . . . n e a r Waimea

33 Baldwin: von H o l t saw o n e y e a t e r d a y / .... Makapala ( K o h a l a )

34 W . Banko: R i c h a r d s and Wal l s e e occa- . . . . s i o n a l l y ... m o s t l y n e a r t h e f o r e s t / Kahua Ranch ... e s p e c i a l l y n e a r Puu P i l i

35 W . Banko: S t e a r n s s e e s o c c a s i o n a l l y / .... Koha la Sugar Co. p a s t u r e s and l a n d s n e a r n a t i v e f o r e s t

36 i n f r e q u e n t v i s i t o r / Koha la f o r e s t (Kahena .... D i t c h T r a i l )

HONOKANE

37 Nor thwood: saw o n e / P o l o l u ( v a l l e y ) , Kohala . . . . 38 p a i r p r e s e n t / Honokane ( v a l l e y ) E of Kahua ....

Ranch

9-14 J u n e 1970

( 2 2 May 1 9 6 8 )

(1887-1888)

( 2 4 S e p t . 1 9 4 3 )

( 2 1 May 1 9 6 8 )

( 2 2 May 1 9 6 8 )

25 Mar. 1933

24 S e p t . 1943

DONW 7 1

VANC 7 3

I s l a n d o f H a w a i ' i - - ( C o n t i n u e d )

HONOKANE ( c o n ' t . )

39 B a l d w i n : von H o l t c u r r e n t l y sees o n e p a i r / .... Honokane ( v a l l e y ) E o f Kahua Ranch

40 Tomich: saw 4 s o a r i n g . . . a p p e a r i n g t o b e .... a f a m i l y , w i t h 2 young r e c e n t l y f l e d g e d / b e t w e e n W a i p i o and Waimanu ( v a l l e y s )

4 1 Tomich: h e a r d two young hawks b e g g i n g f o r .... f o o d / i n t h e same g u l c h a s o n J u n e 22nd

42 s e v e r a l p a i r s / P o l o l u ( v a l l e y ) .... 43 M o r r i s o n : Ladd saw o n e f l y i n g / K o h a l a 1 5 0 0

( P o l o l u )

44 W . Banko: S h a c k e l t o n saw f i v e . . . t h r e e s o a r - .... i n g t o g e t h e r . . . d u r i n g 3-day h i k e / f r o m W a i p i o t o Waimanu ( v a l l e y s ) and r e t u r n

4 5 Montgomery: h e a r d o n e / P o l o l u ( v a l l e y ) , .... K o h a l a

KAMUELA

46 W . Banko: o n e s p e c i m e n t a k e n / Waimea .... 47 USFWS: o n e s e e n / a p p r o x i m a t e l y 0 .75 mile ....

Kona s i d e o f Honokane R i v e r a l o n g Kahena D i t c h T r a i l , K o h a l a Mtns .

48 W . Banko: B a n a s h e k saw two / Kahena D i t c h 4200 T r a i l n e a r E b r a n c h Honokane ( v a l l e y )

KUKUIHAELE

( w r i t t e n 24 S e p t . 1 9 4 3

22 J u n e 1 9 6 2

23 J u n e 1 9 6 2

( 1 9 6 6 - 1 9 6 7 )

8 Mar. 1 9 6 7

3 0 , 3 1 J u l y and 1 Aug. 1 9 6 9

1 3 J a n . 1 9 7 0

( 1 9 0 1 - 1 9 3 1 )

28 J u n e 1 9 7 2

5 Aug. 1 9 6 9

49 o n e s e e n / W a i p i o ( v a l l e y ) .... 1 0 Nov. 1 9 4 8

Tomich: o n e s e e n / a b o v e K u k u i h a e l e v i l l a g e 1 4 0 0 1 8 O c t . 1 9 6 1

1 8 O c t . 1 9 6 1

( 1 9 6 1 - 1 9 6 2 )

Tomich: o n e s e e n / a b o v e K a p u l e n a v i l l a g e 1 6 4 0

Tomich: n o t common. . . seen o n p e r h a p s o n e .... o u t o f 3 o r 4 t r i p s / t o t h e K u k u i h a e l e area

Tomich: o n e s e e n / h e a d o f Hiilawe f a l l s 1 8 0 0 a rea , ~ a i p i o Rim

1 3 Aug. 1 9 6 4

Tomich: o n e s e e n / b a s e o f p a l i a d j a c e n t sea t o t h e pond i n W a i p i o ( v a l l e y ) l e v e l

5 F e b . 1 9 6 4

Tomich: n o n e s e e n s i n c e F e b r u a r y o n 2 o r . . . . 3 t r i p s p e r month / W a i p i o a rea

O c t . 1 9 6 4

p a i r p r e s e n t / W a i p i o ( v a l l e y ) .... w i n t e r 1966-1967

8 A p r i l 1 9 6 8

7 J u l y 1 9 6 8

M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n / W a i p i o ( v a l l e y ) 200

M o r r i s o n : S h a c k e l t o n saw o n e c i r c l i n g .... e u c a l y p t u s g r o v e / K i l a u e a C o u n c i l BSA Camp (Hamakua D i s t r i c t )

USFWS: o n e s e e n / W a i p i o ( v a l l e y ) .... 1 4 Mar. 1 9 7 1

5 J u l y 1 9 7 1 v a n R i p e r : o n e s e e n o n h o u r ' s d r i v e / . . . . h a l f w a y b e t w e e n Honokaa a n d Kamue la , a l o n g h i g h w a y n e a r Boy S c o u t Camp

6 Dec. 1 9 7 1 Tomich: h e a r d o n e ; C a r s o n saw o n e a b o u t 2000 f i v e h o u r s l a t e r / Keaa F o r e s t , a b o v e v i l l a g e o f K u k u i h a e l e

Tomich: o n e s e e n p e r c h e d i n k u k u i t r e e / . . . . 2 miles u p W a i p i o ( v a l l e y )

1 4 Dec. 1 9 7 1

Tomich: o n e f l y i n g low o v e r c a n e f i e l d s / 300 b e l o w v i l l a g e o f K a p u l e n a , Hamakua ~ i s t r i c t

1 5 Dec. 1 9 7 1

I s l a n d o f Hawai ' i-- ( C o n t i n u e d )

KUKUIHAELE ( c o n ' t . )

6 4 p a i r n e s t e d . . . o n e f l e d g e d a t 8 w e e k s / ... . e a r l y May 1 9 7 3 n e s t 20 f t . o f f t h e g r o u n d a t e n t r a n c e t o o b s t a c l e c o u r s e , Honokaa Boy S c o u t Camp

Kona ~ i s t r i c t


6 5 f i r s t e x a m p l e I o b t a i n e d / f o r e s t o f Kona ca. 5000 J u n e 1 8 8 7

66 s i n g l e ( d o w n y ) y o u n g / f o r e s t o f Kona ca. 5000 2 3 J u n e 1 8 8 8

67 s p e c i m e n t a k e n b y ~ e i s k e / Kona .... ( 1 9 0 1 )

6 8 W . Banko: o n e s p e c i m e n t a k e n ( P e r k i n s ) / 3 0 0 0 ( 1 8 9 2 / 1 8 9 6 ) Kona s l o p e s o f Mauna Loa

6 9 W . Banko: two s p e c i m e n s c o l l e c t e d ( P e r k i n s ) 3500 ( 1 8 9 2 / 1 8 9 6 ) / Kona s l o p e s o f Mauna Loa

7 0 W . Banko: o n e s p e c i m e n t a k e n ( P e r k i n s ) / 4000 ( 1 8 9 2 / 1 8 9 6 ) Kona s l o p e s o f Mauna Loa

7 1 4 s e e n / o n t h e l o w e r s l o p e o f H u a l a l a i . * . . May 1 9 4 0

72 d e a d b i r d f o u n d / S o u t h Kona D i s t r i c t O . . . 1 4 Mar. 1 9 6 2

73 s e e n / Kona .... ( J u l y - A u g . 1 9 6 3 )

74 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n / Kona 1 0 0 0 1 Aug. 1 9 6 7

7 5 s e e n / o v e r o p e n f o r e s t b e t w e e n Kona a n d . . . . 2 1 May 1 9 7 4 S o u t h Cape o v e r Highway 11

DONW 4 0

TOMP71

YOCC68

( 3 )

MCLB75

MULTIQUADRANGLE

76 P e r k i n s : saw s e v e r a l / v i c i n i t y P u l e h u a . . . . 26 J u l y ( 1 8 9 2 ) ( R a n c h ) t o K a a w a l o a

7 7 P e r k i n s : s k i n n e d s p e c i m e n / K a a w a l o a t o .... ( 2 7 J u l y 1 8 9 2 ) P u l e h u a ( R a n c h )

7 8 B a l d w i n : p r e s e n t / K e a l a k e k u a - Puu L e h u a .... 1 9 Nov. 1 9 4 2

7 9 o n e h e a r d / o n t h e t r a i l t o P u l e h u a Ranch .... Nov. 1 9 4 2 a b o v e K e a l a k e k u a

8 0 R i c h a r d s : a b o u t f o u r s e e n / a l o n g j e e p .... 2 4 Aug. 1 9 5 0 t r a i l t o P a p a l o a Ranch ( h o u s e ) f r o m K e a l a k e k u a . . . h i k e t o P u l e h u a Ranch a n d r e t u r n

8 1 R i c h a r d s : p r e s e n t / K e a l a k e k u a R a n c h , r o a d 4350 24 S e p t . 1 9 5 0 u p t o P a p a l o a t o j u n c t i o n w i t h Kaunene T r a i l , S o u t h Kona D i s t r i c t

8 2 f o u n d m a i n l y ( t w o a c t i v e n e s t s ) / i n t h e .... ( 1 9 7 3 ) h i g h f o r e s t e d r e g i o n s ( H u a l a l a i ) down t o t h e Kona C o a s t r o a d

KIHOLO

8 3 Tomich : o n e s e e n o n power l i n e / NW r i d g e c a m 3000 1 2 J a n . 1 9 6 3 o f H u a l a l a i

8 4 W . Banko: saw o n e / n e a r j u n c t i o n o f .... 1 8 May 1 9 6 6 H u a l a l a i access r o a d w i t h B e l t Highway

PUU ANAHULU

8 5 saw s e v e r a l / Puuwaawaa

86 saw o n e / Waiho , 1-4 miles S of Puuwaawaa

.... ( 1 9 3 5 - 1 9 3 7 )

3000 11 A p r i l 1 9 4 2

PUU ANAHULU ( c o n ' t . ) 8 7 t h r e e s e e n t o g e t h e r / ~ a i h o , 1-4 miles 3000

S o f Puuwaawaa 1 6 Nov. 1 9 4 4

8 8 two p r e s e n t / 1 . 5 miles t o t h e n o r t h ( o f 3700 ~ a i h o ) a t Poohohoo

1 6 Nov. 1 9 4 4

8 9 two s e e n t o g e t h e r / Waiho a r e a , 1-4 miles .... S o f Puuwaawaa

1 6 Nov. 1 9 4 4

9 0 o n e s e e n / Waiho a rea , 1-4 miles S o f Puuwaawaa

1 6 Nov. 1 9 4 4

9 1 r e g u l a r r e s i d e n t s . . . p o p u l a t i o n d e n s e s t I 3000 e v e r o b s e r v e d o n . H a w a i i . . s p e n d i n g t h e d a y t h e r e , a p a i r m e m a p p e a r e d e v e r y h o u r o r s o / Waiho a r e a . . . l - 4 miles S o f Puuwaawaa o n t h e Puuwaawaa Ranch

(Nov. 1 9 4 4 )

9 2 saw o n e / n e a r Puuwaawaa .... 28 Dec. 1 9 4 5

9 3 t w o s e e n / Puuwaawaa Ranch .... ( 2 3 M a r . 4 4 A p r i l 1 9 5 8 )

94 saw o n e / Puuwaawaa Ranch . . . . 1 8 J u n e ( 1 9 6 0 )

9 5 o n e s e e n / D i l l i n g h a m Ranch (Puuwaawaa .... ( R a n c h )

1 8 J u n e 1 9 6 0

96 K i n g : o n e s e e n / Puuwaawaa Ranch .... 1 9 A p r i l 1 9 6 4

20 A p r i l 1 9 6 4

9 F e b . 1 9 6 6

97 o n e s e e n / Puuwaawaa Ranch . . . . 98 W e Banko: o n e s e e n p e r c h e d i n t r e e / n e a r ....

h i g h w a y , Puuwaawaa Ranch

9 9 W e Banko: two s e e n s o a r i n g / n e a r Puuwaawaa Ranch

9 F e b . 1 9 6 6

t h r e e s e e n / (Puuwaawaa Ranch a r e a ) 16-23 NOV. 1 9 6 6

1 6 J a n . 1 9 6 7 W . Banko: saw o n e / n e a r game b i r d f e e d i n g s t a t i o n , Puuwaawaa Ranch

M o r r i s o n : K l e e n : o n e s e e n / Puuwaawaa Ranch

11 Aug. 1 9 6 8

W e Banko: Vaughn saw o n e p e r c h e d / a l o n g B e l t Highway a b o u t 1 mile S o f Puuwaawaa Ranch t u r n o f f

1 4 S e p t . 1 9 6 9

W e Banko: saw o n e r i s e f r o m g r o u n d / 1 m i l e u p Poohohoo jeep t r a i l , Puuwaawaa Ranch

1 5 S e p t . 1 9 6 9

1 7 S e p t . 1 9 6 9 W . Banko: A i u sees '10 n e a r l y e v e r y d a y a r o u n d Ranch Hdqs. w h e r e h e w o r k s / Puuwaawaa Ranch

Montgomery: o n e s e e n a t 2500 f t . , a n o t h e r s e e n a t 4000 / a l o n g j e e p r o a d f rom Puuwaawaa Ranch Hdqs. t o H a l e p i u l a R a i n s h e d

1 9 Dec. 1 9 6 9

Montgomery: o n e s e e n / P u u a n a h u l u R i d g e , Puuwaawaa Ranch

1 9 Dec. 1 9 6 9

22 Dec. 1 9 6 9

11 J u n e 1 9 7 1

1 J u l y 1 9 7 1

Montgomery: two s e e n / j u s t b e l o w Puu I k i (Puuwaawaa Ranch)

W . Banko: n o n e c e n s u s e d i n 2 .5 s u r v e y h o u r s / P u u a n a h u l u mamane k i p u k a s

v a n ~ i p e r : o n e s e e n i n o n e h o u r w a l k i n g s u r v e y / summit o f Puuwaawaa c i n d e r c o n e

USFWS: o n e s e e n / o v e r h i g h w a y , Puuwaawaa Ranch

30 S e p t . 1 9 7 1

28 J u n e 1 9 7 2 W . Banko: saw o n e s o a r i n g / j u n c t i o n o f m a i n Puuwaawaa Ranch e n t r a n c e r o a d and B e l t Highway


K A I L U A

W . Banko: o n e s e e n / o n r o a d u p H u a l a l a i .... 9 F e b . 1 9 6 6

W . Banko: saw o n e / n e a r water c a t c h m e n t . ... 1 6 J a n . 1 9 6 7 s y s tem, Puuwaawaa Ranch

M o r r i s o n : t h r e e s e e n t o g e t h e r / n e a r Kona . . . . 28 S e p t . 1 9 6 7

W . Banko: n o n e c e n s u s e d i n 4 . 5 h o u r s u r v e y , . . . . 22 May 1 9 6 9 0715-1240 h o u r s / H o n u a u l a c a b i n t o S h e e p S t a t i o n a n d r e t u r n

W . Banko: saw o n e p e r c h e d o n d e a d t r e e ca. 3000 26 S e p t . 1 9 6 9 s t u b / o n Huehue Ranch j e e p r o a d n e a r M o a n i u a h e a ( r a d i o r e l a y s t a t i o n )

W . Banko: o n e s e e n s o a r i n g / B e l t High- .... 4 J u l y 1 9 7 3 way, a b o u t 3 miles t o w a r d s K a i l u a - K o n a o f Huehue Ranch

HUALALAI

W . Banko: o n e s e e n s o a r i n g n e a r 'A la l a 3440 n e s t / H u a l a l a i Ranch

P . Banko: saw two f l y i n g t o g e t h e r , 1 0 4 5 4000 h o u r s / K e a l a k e h e Mauka T r a c t a b o u t 0 . 3 m i l e S o f Honokohau 1 b n d r y f e n c e

1 2 1 R i c h a r d s : o n e s e e n 0900-1900 h o u r s / 4250- S o f S h a n g r i l a , Puuwaawaa Ranch 4550

1 2 2 R i c h a r d s : o n e s e e n 0830-1100 h o u r s / 4250- S h a n g r i l a a rea , u p t o 0 . 2 5 mile S o f c a b i n , 4500 Puuwaawaa Ranch

1 0 J u l y 1 9 7 3

1 O c t . 1 9 7 4

2 8 S e p t . 1 9 5 0

2 1 O c t . 1 9 5 0

1 2 3 W . Banko: two s e e n / P o o h o h o o ~ e s e r v o i r , .... 1 6 S e p t . 1 9 6 9 Puuwaawaa Ranch

1 2 4 v a n R i p e r : two s e e n i n 6 h o u r s u r v e y / .... 1 2 F e b . 1 9 7 1 0 . 2 5 mile a b o v e S h a n g r i l a , Puuwaawaa R a n c h

1 2 5 P . Banko: o n e s o a r i n g / Puuwaawaa Ranch 5020 9 J u l y 1 9 7 4

1 2 6 P . Banko: two s o a r i n g a n d c a l l i n g / n e a r S h a n g r i l a , Puuwaawaa Ranch

KEALAKEKUA

4 0 0 0 1 0 J u l y 1 9 7 4

1 2 7 W . Banko: o n e o r m o r e s p e c i m e n s t a k e n .... 1 8 8 7 / 1 8 8 8 ( W i l s o n ) / Keauhou , Kona

1 2 8 two s e e n / K a h u l u u F o r e s t R e s e r v e , N o r t h b e t . 2 2 5 0 - 1 7 Nov. 1 9 4 2 Kona 2750

1 2 9 B a l d w i n : saw two / K a h u l u u F o r e s t R e s e r v e

1 3 0 B a l d w i n : h e a r d o n e / a b o v e K e a l a k e k u a .... ( 2 6 Nov. 1 9 4 2 ) ( 7 )

1 3 1 R i c h a r d s : o n e o b s e r v e d , 1030-1615 h o u r s 2400 7 , 9 , 1 0 , 1 1 N o v . 1 9 5 0 ( 1 3 ) 7 Nov.; more t h a n o n e s e e n 9 Nov, 1000-1600 h o u r s ; 1 0 Nov. 0930-1810 h o u r s ; t h r e e s e e n a n d p o s s i b l e n e s t 11 Nov, 0600-1430 h o u r s / 0 . 7 5 mile S W K a n a k a m i l a i , o n r o a d t o P u u l e h u a ( R a n c h )

1 3 2 o n e s e e n / n e a r K e a l a k e k u a town .... 7 May 1 9 5 7

1 3 3 p a i r and n e s t s e e n / M t . ~ u a l a l a i , a l o n g 3500 ( 1 0 A p r i l 1 9 6 7 ) r o a d f r o m n e a r K e a l a k e k u a , b e l o w s u m m i t . . . r e m n a n t s o f a k o a f o r e s t

I s l a n d o f Hawai' i-- ( C o n t i n u e d )

PUU LEHUA

1 3 4 P e r k i n s : saw o n e / v i c i n i t y P u l e h u a ( R a n c h ) 2 Aug. ( 1 8 9 2 )

20 Nov. 1 9 4 2 1 3 5 B a l d w i n : n o n e s e e n / f o r e s t E o f Puu K e a n u i ( N o f Puu L e h u a )

1 3 6 R i c h a r d s : n o t e d / o n h i k e f r o m P u l e h u a Ranch ( h o u s e ) t o Puu L e h u a a n d r e t u r n

2 1 Aug. 1 9 5 0

1 3 7 W . Banko: two c i r c l i n g / n e a r P u l e h u a Ranch

7 J a n . 1 9 6 7

HONAUNAU

1 3 8 s p e c i m e n t a k e n / K e a l a k e k u a Bay ( 1 8 4 8 )

9 , 1 7 S e p t . ( 1 9 6 7 ) 1 3 9 M o r r i s o n : Ladd o b s e r v e d '10 o n n u m e r o u s o c c a s i o n s a r o u n d r e s i d e n c e , p e r c h e d o r f l y i n g / n e a r P a i n t e d C h u r c h , Honaunau

1 4 0 W . Banko: Vaughn saw o n e . . . f i r s t o n e s e e n s i n c e a r r i v a l t h e r e 2 y e a r s a g o / C i t y o f R e f u g e N a t i o n a l H i s t o r i c a l P a r k

4 O c t . 1 9 6 9

1 4 1 M o r r i s o n : Ladd saw o n e f l y i n g / n e a r P a i n t e d C h u r c h ( H o n a u n a u )

22 O c t . 1 9 6 7

20 Nov. 1 9 5 0

KAUNENE

1 4 2 R i c h a r d s : n o t e d , 1300-1830 h o u r s / M c C a n d l e s s Ranch , h i k e f r o m a b o u t 0 . 5 mile p a s t Hapu M o u n t a i n House a l o n g t r u c k t r a i l t o K e a n a p u a k u i , t h e n c e t o K a u n e n e , t h e n c e a b o u t 0 . 5 mile t o w a r d s Komakawai

1 4 3 R i c h a r d s : n o t e d , 0730-1800 h o u r s / M c C a n d l e s s Ranch , h i k e a l o n g t r u c k t r a i l f r o m Hapu t o K e a n a p a a k a i t o Kaunene

4550- 2 1 Nov. 1 9 5 0 6 2 5 0

1 4 4 W . Banko: C a r l s o n saw two / Honaunau F o r e s t R e s e r v e

.... 7 O c t . 1 9 7 0

1 4 5 W . Banko: saw a n d h e a r d o n e / K e a l i a I , 5 5 0 0 2 3 J u n e 1 9 7 2 M c C a n d l e s s Ranch T a n k s

1 4 6 W . Banko: o n e h e a r d / B i g H i l l Camp a rea , 4600 4 J u l y 1 9 7 2 Kealia I

1 4 7 W . Banko: saw o n e a l i g h t n e a r c r o w n e s t / .... 26 May 1 9 7 3 0 . 3 mi le W G a s p a r ' s d a i r y , Honaunau F o r e s t R e s e r v e

1 4 8 P . Banko: saw o n e s o a r i n g n e a r n e s t o f 4250 24 May 1 9 7 4 'A la l a , a b o u t 1 0 1 5 h o u r s / a b o u t 0 . 5 mile WSW o f G a s p a r ' s d a i r y , Honaunau F o r e s t R e s e r v e

1 4 9 P. Banko: p a i r p r e s e n t ; o n e s e e n , o n e h e a r d , 5200 9 Aug. 1 9 7 5 1105-1107 h o u r s / n e a r K i i l a e r a i n s h e d

P U U POHAKULOA

1 5 0 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n / b e t w e e n 2nd and 3 r d .... 28 S e p t . 1 9 6 7 t o e s o f 1 9 5 0 l a v a f l o w , Kona

1 5 1 o n e s e e n p e r c h e d / S o u t h Kona F o r e s t R e s e r v e . . .. 27 Dec. 1 9 6 7

1 5 2 W . Banko: f o u n d n e s t l o c a t e d b y S c h a t t a u e r 2200 1 7 J u n e 1 9 6 9 / a l o n g j e e p r o a d n e a r e d g e o f 1 9 5 0 K a a p u n a L a v a F l o w , Mauna Loa

1 5 3 W . Banko: saw o n e a n d h e a r d o n e n e a r n e s t 2200 3 1 J u l y 1 9 6 9 l o c a t e d b y S c h a t t a u e r / n e a r e d g e o f 1 9 5 0 K a a p u n a l a v a f l o w , Mauna Loa

1 5 4 W . Banko: saw o n e / B e l t Highway n e a r 1 9 5 0 .... 1 3 F e b . 1 9 7 0 Honokua l a v a f l o w

1 5 5 W . Banko: saw two a t n e s t / a l o n g j e e p r o a d 2200 22 May 1 9 7 0 n e a r e d g e o f Kaapuna l a v a f l o w , Mauna Loa


P U U POHAKULOA ( c o n ' t. )

1 5 6 W. Banko: f o u n d o n e f l e d g l i n g i n n e s t / 2200 5 J u n e 1 9 7 0 a l o n g j e e p r o a d n e a r e d g e o f Kaapuna l a v a f l o w , Mauna Loa

1 5 7 W . Banko: saw o n e o n n e s t f o u n d s e v e r a l 2200 1 8 May 1 9 7 1 y e a r s a g o / n e a r K a a p u n a l a v a f l o w , S o u t h Kona

1 5 8 W . Banko: saw o n e n e s t l i n g / n e s t n e a r 2200 2 , 5 J u n e 1 9 7 1 K a a p u n a l a v a f l o w

1 5 9 W . Banko: v i s i t e d n e s t w i t h two n e s t l i n g s / 2200 1 5 , 2 2 , 2 3 , 29 J u n e 1 9 7 1 ( 4 ) a l o n g j e e p r o a d n e a r K a a p u n a l a v a f l o w

1 6 0 W. Banko: n e s t f o u n d b u i l t u p b u t d e s e r t e d / 2 2 0 0 8 J u n e 1 9 7 2 a l o n g jeep r o a d n e a r K a a p u n a l a v a f l o w

1 6 1 P . Banko: h e a r d c r i e s a n d saw p a i r p e r c h e d , 5100 7 Aug. 1 9 7 5 1415-1425 h o u r s / P a h o e h o e 2 n e a r Honokua b n d r y .

1 6 2 P. Banko: o n e s o a r i n g , 0912-0915 h o u r s / 4700 7 Aug. 1 9 7 5 W a i e a

PAPA

1 6 3 o n e h e a r d / i n t h e f o r e s t a b o v e M i l o l i i c a m 1 5 0 0 27 Nov. 1 9 4 2

1 6 4 o n e s e e n / 3 miles N o f P a p a .... 27 Nov. 1 9 4 2

1 6 5 W . Banko: o n e s e e n g l i d i n g r a p i d l y o v e r 3240 4 J u n e 1 9 6 9 c l e a r e d f o r e s t / H a u o l i R e s e r v o i r

1 6 6 W . Banko: o n e a l i g h t e d a l o n g s i d e 1 9 6 9 ( u n - 3400 27 Aug. 1 9 6 9 s u c c e s s f u l ) ' A l a l a n e s t / 0 . 2 5 mile NE H a u o l i R e s e r v o i r ( P a p a l ) , A l i k a H o m e s t e a d s

1 6 7 W . Banko: O l s o n saw o n e / B e l t Highway n e a r .... t u r n o f f t o M i l o l i i

1 6 8 W . Banko: h e a r d o n e a n d saw a n o t h e r / n e a r .... H a u o l i R e s e r v o i r

1 6 9 W . Banko: '10 k i l l e d o n e o f S c h a t t a u e r ' s .... c h i c k e n s / H o n o m a l i n o A g r i c u l t u r a l Co. r e s i d e n c e

1 7 0 W . Banko: '10 h a r a s s i n g S c h a t t a u e r s ' c h i c k e n s / Honomal i n o Agr i c u l t u r a1 Co. r e s i d e n c e

1 7 1 W . Banko: M . S c h a t t a u e r r e p o r t e d '10 d e p r e - .... d a t i n g c h i c k e n s . . . g e t t i n g o n e o r two small c h i c k s p e r d a y / H o n o m a l i n o A g r i c u l t u r a l Co. r e s i d e n c e

1 7 2 W . Banko: M . S c h a t t a u e r r e p o r t e d '10 r a i d e d . . . . c h i c k e n s a g a i n , g e t t i n g o n e o f t h e smaller a n d w e a k e r o n e s / Honomal i n o Agr i c u l t u r a1 Co. r e s i d e n c e

1 7 3 W . Banko: Kumakahi ( b o r n 1 9 2 2 n e a r Hono- m a l i n o A g r i c u l t u r a l Co. Hdqs . ) s a i d h e t h o u g h t '10 were f e w e r now ( 1 9 7 2 ) t h a n f o r m e r l y . . . u s e d t o see u p t o a d o z e n o r s o a t o n e time c i r c l i n g h i g h i n t h e a i r a r o u n d h i s h o m e . . . S c h a t t a u e r ( l a t e r ) c o n f i r m e d i m p r e s s i o n o f d e c l i n e i n p a s t d e c a d e o r s o / Honomal i n o Agr i c u l t u r a1 Co. m a c a d a m i a n u t o r c h a r d s

Ka 'G D i s t r i c t


3 J a n . 1 9 7 0

1 8 J u l y 1 9 7 0

3 J a n . 1 9 7 2

7 J a n . 1 9 7 2

1 8 J a n . 1 9 7 2

28 J a n . 1 9 7 2

2 F e b . 1 9 7 2

174 o n e s e e n / o n a t e l e p h o n e w i r e i n a c l e a r i n g . . . . 27 Dec. 1 9 6 8 b e s i d e t h e r o a d . . . o n way S f r o m P a r k ( t o Kona)


K A H U K U RANCH

1 7 5 W . Banko: M e i n e c k e r e c a l l e d '10 f o r m e r l y .... e a r l y 1 9 0 0 ' s a b u n d a n t f r o m W a i o h i n u h a l f - w a y t o S o u t h ( 2 5 F e b . 1 9 6 9 ) P o i n t

1 7 6 W . Banko: M e i n e c k e r e p o r t s '10 now o n l y .... ( 2 5 F e b . 1 9 6 9 ) o c c a s i o n a l l y s e e n / i n W a i o h i n u a n d h a l f w a y t o S o u t h P o i n t

1 7 7 W . Banko: R i c e r e p o r t s '10 r a r e l y s e e n .... ( 2 0 Dec. 1 9 6 6 ) p a s t 8 y e a r s / Kahuku Ranch

1 7 8 W . Banko: Mrs. F. R i c e r e p o r t s '10 r a r e b u t .... ( 1 4 J a n . 1 9 6 7 ) r e c a l l e d s e e i n g o n e a f t e r w ind s t o r m / n e a r Kahuku Ranch Hdqs .

NAALEHU

1 7 9 W . Banko: C r o s l a n d saw o n e s o a r i n g / N a a l e h u

1 8 0 W . Banko: s a w o n e / B e l t ~ i g h w a y n e a r W a i o h i n u

.... 2 J a n . 1 9 7 0

.... 5 F e b . 1 9 7 0

PAHALA

1 8 1 two y o u n g t a k e n / f r o m a t a l l o h i a t r e e .... ( f o r t n i g h t o r more BRYWO6 . . . some d i s t a n c e f r o m . . . r e s i d e n c e . . . P a h a l a b e f o r e 24 O c t . 1 9 0 2

1 8 2 W . Banko: saw o n e s o a r i n g / m i l e p o s t 5 2 .... 1 6 Dec. 1 9 7 2 a b o v e P a h a l a , B e l t Highway

KEAIWA RESERVOIR

1 8 3 W . Banko: n o n e c e n s u s e d i n 3 . 5 h o u r s u r v e y , 6950- 27 A p r i l 1 9 7 1 0845-1215 h o u r s / a l o n g K i l o h a n a - K a h u k u 6060 R a n c h b n d r y f e n c e , down ~ a i k a h a G u l c h a n d r e t u r n

1 8 4 W . Banko: n o n e c e n s u s e d i n 5 . 5 h o u r 6040- 2 5 J u n e 1 9 7 1 s u r v e y , 0805-1035 a n d 1445-1515 h o u r s / o l d 5 8 6 0 CCC camp area ; a n d W a n d m a k a i o f Kahuku Ranch p a r k l a n d s a l o n g e d g e o f 1 9 5 0 l a v a f l o w

WOOD VALLEY

1 8 5 W . Banko: Sumner saw / 1 mile NE ~ a i a k a l o a G u l c h , K a p a p a l a

1 8 6 W . Banko: Sumner saw / H o o n a u n u i P a d d o c k , K a p a p a l a Ranch

ca. 3400 ( 1 9 4 9 - 1 9 5 1 )

ca. 4700 ( 1 9 4 9 - 1 9 5 1 )

1 8 7 W . Banko: Sumner saw / Yamaoka ca. 3700 ( 1 9 4 9 - 1 9 5 1 ) P a d d o c k , K a p a p a l a R a n c h , a b o v e Yamaoka c o r r a l

1 8 8 W . Banko: Sumner saw f r e q u e n t l y / Puu 2825 ( 1 9 4 9 - 1 9 5 1 ) K u a n e n e , K a p a p a l a

1 8 9 W . Banko: saw o n e s o a r i n g / A i n a p o .... 1 2 Mar. 1 9 7 0

1 9 0 W . Banko: o n e s e e n s o a r i n g / A i n a p o m o u n t a i n h o u s e j e e p r o a d

4700 3 1 J a n . 1 9 7 3

1 9 1 P. Banko: o n e s e e n a n d h e a r d , 0 9 5 5 h o u r s / 5 2 6 0 24 O c t . 1 9 7 4 a b o u t 0 . 1 mile f r o m Kau F o r e s t R e s e r v e b n d r y . j e e p r o a d


MAUNA LOA

1 9 2 saw a d e a d hawk / i n o n e o f t h e c a v e s ( i n .... 29 J a n . 1 8 3 4 a s c e n t o f Mauna Loa f r o m K a p a p a l a )

1 9 3 M i t c h e l l : r e p o r t e d s e e i n g o n e / Ainapo- ca. 8500 26 Dec. 1 9 4 2 Mauna Loa t r a i l

KIPUKA PAKEKAKE

1 9 4 W . Banko: Sumner saw many times a r o u n d w a t e r h o l e s / P a h u a m i m i , K a p a p a l a , a b o u t 2 miles S o f HVNP

KULANI

1 9 5 o n e s e e n / l o w e r s l o p e s o f K u l a n i .... 7 May ( 1 9 6 6 ) DONW66

1 9 6 o n e s e e n / l o w e r s l o p e s o f K u l a n i .... 28 May 1 9 6 6 DONW66

1 9 7 W . Banko: s e e n o r h e a r d 1 5 times i n 4200- 3 Dec. 1 9 6 8 - 3 8 c e n s u s h o u r s / a l o n g t r a i l f r o m e n d 4840 20 Nov. 1 9 6 9 o f W r i g h t Road t o S t a i n b a c k Highway v i a K u l a n i c o n e

1 9 8 W . Banko: saw o n e / n e a r K u l a n i c o n e .... 28 J a n . 1 9 6 9 ( 4 )

1 9 9 W . Banko: n o n e c e n s u s e d i n 27 .0 s u r v e y 5160- 2 9 S e p t . ; 2 , 6 , 1 3 , ( 4 ) h o u r s / Keauhou R a n c h , o h i a - k o a k i p u k a s 6500 1 9 O c t . , 1 3 Dec. 1 9 7 0 ; t o Puu K i p u 11, 1 2 F e b . ; 22 Dec. 1 9 7 1

200 W . Banko: saw o n e s o a r i n g / a b o u t 1 mile N .... 3 1 Dec. 1 9 7 0 o f Puu K i p u

( 4 )

2 0 1 Tomich: o n e s e e n / K i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e 5400 24 O c t . 1 9 7 1 n e a r I n t e r n a t i o n a l B i o l o g i c a l P r o g r a m ( I B P ) s t u d y a r e a

202 Tomich : saw o n e i n f l i g h t / a b o u t 3 miles S .... o f K u l a n i c o n e , p a s t u r e l a n d a d j a c e n t t o K i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e

203 USFWS: o n e s e e n s o a r i n g / e n t r a n c e t o IBP 5400 s t u d y area , K i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e

204 USFWS: two s e e n f l y i n g t o g e t h e r / 2nd g a t e Keauhou Ranch

205 USFWS: o n e s e e n / Keauhou Ranch p o w e r l i n e t r a i l n e a r N a t i o n a l P a r k B n d r y .

206 USFWS: t h r e e s e e n s o a r i n g t o g e t h e r / e n t r a n c e t o I .B.P . s t u d y a rea , K i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e

1 9 Nov. 1 9 7 1

30 Nov. 1 9 7 1

1 3 Dec. 1 9 7 1

3 J a n . 1 9 7 2

3 1 J a n . 1 9 7 2

207 USFWS: t h r e e s e e n s o a r i n g , o c c a s i o n a l l y 5400 5 F e b . 1 9 7 2 h e a r d c a l l i n g / e n t r a n c e t o 1.B.P. s t u d y a rea , K i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e

208 B e r g e r : o n l y two c e n s u s e d d u r i n g 41 .4 h o u r s 5150- 11 J a n . - 1 8 J u l y 1 9 7 2 f o r e s t b i r d s u r v e y / T r a n s e c t s 1, 2 , 3 , 5400 a n d 4 , 200 acre I .B.P . S t u d y P l o t , K i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e

209 HSFG: h e a r d c a l l i n g / b y I . B . P . t r a n s e c t .... 11 S e p t . 1 9 7 2 p a r k i n g a r e a 1 2 3 0 h o u r s

210 HSFG: o n e s e e n s o a r i n g / l o g g e d f o r e s t 5 4 0 0 11 S e p t . 1 9 7 2 0 . 2 5 mile S I .B .P . t r a n s e c t p a r k i n g a rea , K i l a u e a F o r e s t r e s e a r c h a rea , 1 4 0 0 h o u r s

2 1 1 HSFG: o n e f l e w i n t o k o a t r e e / a l o n g 5 0 0 0 22 S e p t . 1 9 7 2 Keauhou Ranch r o a d 0 7 2 0 h o u r s

212 P . Banko: o n e s e e n i n 9 . 5 c e n s u s h o u r s , 5800- 1 5 F e b . 1 9 7 3 2 8 J a n . 1 9 7 3 t o 22 J a n . 1 9 7 4 / T r a n s e c t 1 5 , 6200 a l o n g Volcano-PuuOo T r a i l


KULANI ( c o n ' t. )

2 1 3 P . Banko: o n e s e e n i n 1 0 c e n s u s h o u r s , 28 J a n . 1 9 7 3 t o 1 7 J a n . 1 9 7 4 / T r a n s e c t 1 3 , I .B .P . S t u d y Area, K i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e

ca. 5300 30 J u n e 1 9 7 3

214 P . Banko: two s e e n i n 1 0 c e n s u s h o u r s / ca. 5300 1 0 Aug. 1 9 7 3 T r a n s e c t 1 4 , I .B.P . S t u d y Area, K i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e

215 c e n s u s e d n o n e / K i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e .... 30 Dec. 1 9 7 3

216 P . Banko: n o n e s e e n i n 2 9 . 5 c e n s u s h o u r s / 6000- 2 8 J a n . 1 9 7 3 - T r a n s e c t s 1 6 , 1 7 a n d 1 8 i n Volcano-PuuOo 6 2 0 0 22 J a n . 1 9 7 4 T r a i l area

217 p a i r o b s e r v e d c o p u l a t i n g n e a r n e s t con- .... 9 J u n e ( 1 9 7 4 ) t a i n i n g s e v e r a l young / n e a r K i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e

218 f o u r s e e n . . . n e s t e m p t y / K i l a u e a F o r e s t .... 1 5 J u n e ( 1 9 7 4 ) R e s e r v e area

219 h a v e h i g h e s t p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t i e s / i n . . . . Mar 1 9 7 2 - J u l y 1 9 7 3 ; K i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e a n d Upper Keauhou Aug.-Nov. 1 9 7 4 R a n c h ( f r o m d a t a c o l l e c t e d m o n t h l y o n 1 2 t r a n s e c t s i n d i f f e r e n t e c o s y s t e m s i n c l u d i n g H a w a i i V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k )

220 t w o c e n s u s e d / Keauhou Ranch .... 1 4 Dec. 1 9 7 4

2 2 1 C o n a n t : p r e s e n t i n d e n s i t i e s l e s s t h a n .... Dec. 1 9 7 2 - J u l y 1 9 7 3 ; 1 '10 p e r 40 h a ( 9 8 . 8 a c r e s ) o n 7 o f 9 t r a n - Aug. 1974-Mar. 1 9 7 5 s ec t s , w i t h f r e q u e n c y o c c u r r e n c e s v a r y i n g b e t w e e n 0-43%

222 saw o n e / K i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e a rea b e l o w .... 5 O c t . 1 9 7 5 Keawewai

SMIH74

CONS 7 5

DONW 7 5

223 2 c e n s u s e d C h r i s t m a s C o u n t / K u l a n i p r o j e c t , T r a n s e c t 28 m a k a i

. . . a 2 J a n . 1 9 7 8

Hawaii V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k

PARKWIDE INFERENCE

224 l i k e l y t o b e f o u n d a n y w h e r e ... w h e r e woody b e l o w (1967-19 .68) v e g e t a t i o n e x i s t s 8 5 0 0

MULTIQUADRANGLE

225 two s e e n ( o n C h r i s t m a s c o u n t ) / 4 o b s e r v e r s . . . . 1 8 Dec. ( 1 9 3 7 ) i n o n e p a r t y , 1 0 miles o n f o o t f r o m K i p u k a P u a u l u t h r o u g h a d j a c e n t g o l f c o u r s e t o KMC, t h r o u g h K i l a u e a I k i Crater e x c l u d i n g a rea b e t w e e n KMC a n d K i l a u e a I k i (0600-1300 h o u r s )

226 Donaghho ; B a l d w i n ; A b b o t t ; C r a d d o c k ; O l s o n : . . . . ( 1 9 3 7 - 1 9 4 0 ) o c c a s i o n a l l y o n e o r two s e e n / o v e r o p e n meadows a t Browns Ranch , A i n a h o u Ranch , B i r d P a r k , K i p u k a K u l a l i o

227 o n e s e e n ( C h r i s t m a s c o u n t ) / 5 o b s e r v e r s .... 1 8 Dec. ( 1 9 3 8 ) i n o n e p a r t y , 1 0 mi les o n f o o t f r o m K i p u k a P u a u l u t h r o u g h a d j a c e n t g o l f c o u r s e t o KMC t h r o u g h K i l a u e a I k i Cra te r , e x c l u d i n g area b e t w e e n KMC a n d K i l a u e a I k i (0600-1230 h o u r s )

228 1 s e e n ( C h r i s t m a s c o u n t ) / 6 o b s e r v e r s i n .... 22 Dec. ( 1 9 4 0 ) 2 p a r t i e s , p a r t y 1 ( K i l a u e a 1 k i ) 7 miles 6 h o u r s ; p a r t y 2 ( K i p u k a P u a u l u a n d G o l f C o u r s e ) 3 miles 5 h o u r s ; t o t a l 1 0 miles (0530-1200 h o u r s )


MULTIQUADRANGLE ( c o n 1 t . ) 2 2 9 d e t e r m i n e d f r o m e x t e n s i v e s e r i e s o f r e p e t -

i t i v e c o u n t s i n HVNP t h a t , i n a h u n d r e d d a y s o f c e n s u s i n g , '10 c o u l d b e e x p e c t e d t o be r e c o r d e d :

0 d a y s i n . . . . P l o t : 1 K i p u k a Keana B i h o p a 0 d a y s i n . . . . P l o t : 2 K i p u k a Nene No. 2 0 d a y s i n .... P l o t : 3 K i p u k a Nene No. 3 0 d a y s i n . . . . P l o t : 4 N a p a u L a v a T r e e s 0 d a y s i n . . . . P l o t : 6 K i p u k a K u l a l i o 8 d a y s i n . . . . P l o t : 7 K i p u k a P u a u l u 1 d a y i n . . . . P l o t : 8 T w i n Cra te r s 0 d a y s i n . . . . P l o t : 1 0 Mauna Loa 0 d a y s i n . . . . P l o t : 1 2 K i p u k a K u l a l i o 0 d a y s i n . . . . P l o t : 1 3 A i n a h o u Gate 0 d a y s i n .... P l o t : 1 7 K a l a n a o k u a i k i P a l i 0 d a y s i n . . . . P l o t : 1 8 L u a Manu

230 o n e c e n s u s e d ( C h r i s t m a s c o u n t ) ; 0630-1715 h o u r s : 6 o b s e r v e r s i n 1 t o 3 p a r t i e s ; 1 3 p a r t y - h o u r s o n f o o t ; 435 p a r t y - h o u r s b y ca r ; 66 t o t a l p a r t y miles ( 7 o n f o o t , 59 b y c a r ) / B i r d P a r k , g o l f c o u r s e , A i n a h o u Road t o R u t t l e s Farm, T h u r s t o n L a v a T u b e t r a i l and p o r t i o n s o f K i l a u e a I k i t r a i l , B y r o n L e d g e t r a i l a n d p o r t i o n s o f s i d e t r a i l s , o l d CCC camp, P a r k Hdqs . a rea , W r i g h t Road t o e n d

2 3 1 1 s e e n ( C h r i s t m a s c o u n t ) / 11 o b s e r v e r s i n 5 p a r t i e s ; t o t a l p a r t y - h o u r s 2 3 ( 2 0 o n f o o t , 3 by c a r ) ; t o t a l p a r t y miles 45 ( 1 6 o n f o o t , 29 by c a r ) H i l i n a P a l i r o a d , Napau C r a t e r t r a i l t o P u l u f a c t o r y , Twin Cra te r s , g o l f c o u r s e , N o b r i g a Ranch r o a d , B i r d P a r k , Mauna Loa t r u c k t r a i l t o 5500 f t . e l .

T o t a l C o u n t D a y s 2300 ( 6 4 ) 3000 ( 7 3 ) 3000 ( 7 3 ) 2850 ( 2 3 ) 5 5 0 0 ( 1 1 0 ) 4050 ( 9 2 ) 3650 ( 1 0 0 ) 7500 ( 4 1 ) 5 9 0 0 ( 5 3 ) 3050 ( 5 4 ) 3300 ( 6 1 ) 3650 ( 6 6 )

. . . . 1 J a n . 1 9 5 4

.... 1 J a n . ( 1 9 5 5 )

232 i n d i v i d u a l s o f t e n s e e n s o a r i n g / a r o u n d t h e e m . .

f o r e s t e d c r a t e r s s u c h a s K i l a u e a I k i a n d M a k a o p u h i , o r . . . .Mauna Loa S t r i p r o a d (Hawaii ~ a t i o n a l P a r k )

2 3 3 o c c a s i o n a l / t h r o u g h o u t (Hawaii N a t i o n a l .... P a r k )

234 M o r r i s o n : USGS V o l c a n o O b s e r v a t o r y f i e l d m e n .... a l l h a d s e e n a number o f times / ( K i l a u e a C r a t e r , K i l a u e a I k i , Makaopuh i Cra te r )

2 3 5 t e n t a t i v e l y c o n c l u d e s f r o m c o m p a r i s o n o f h i s .... ( B a l d w i n ' s ) w i t h M o r r i s o n ' s d a t a t h a t h a w k s h a v e e x p a n d e d r a n g e a n d i n c r e a s e d i n P a r k / ( H a w a i i V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k )

236 W. Banko: t o t a l o f o n e c e n s u s e d ( C h r i s t m a s .... c o u n t r o u t e s ) / Hawaii V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k

237 two c e n s u s e d / Olaa T r a c t .... 2 3 8 J a c o b i a n d W a r s h a u e r : s i g h t e d o n 3 ....

o c c a s i o n s / Olaa T r a c t (Hawaii V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k - o n s u r v e y s c o v e r i n g a b o u t 1 0 % o f a rea )

KAU DESERT

239 P. Banko: n o n e s e e n i n 30 s u r v e y h o u r s / .... T r a n s e c t s 1, 2 , a n d 3 n e a r H i l i n a P a l i Road

240 C o n a n t : n o t o b s e r v e d / m o n t h l y c e n s u s e s , .... K i p u k a Keana B i h o p a , HVNP ( T r a n s e c t 8 8 )

( 1 9 6 1 )

5 J u n e 1 9 6 7

22-23 Dec. 1 9 7 0 ; 3 1 Dec. 1 9 7 1 ; 1 J a n . 1 9 7 2

1 4 Dec. 1 9 7 4 MULW7 5

J a n . 1 9 7 4 - J a n . 1 9 7 5 ( 2 3 ) ( 2 3 d a y s )

25 J a n . 1 9 7 3 - 1 5 J a n . 1 9 7 4

Dec. 1 9 7 2 - J u l y 1 9 7 3 ; ( 1 8 ) Aug. 1974-Mar. 1 9 7 5


MAKAOPUHI CRATER

2 4 1 Donaghho: p a i r a n d young s e e n / Makaopuh i .... Crater

2 4 2 h a s b e e n s e e n / N a p a u , M a k a o p u h i , Alealea, . . . . A l o i , P a u a h i , K i l a u e a I k i c r a t e r s

243 HSFG: o n e s e e n ( a f t e r 1 6 0 0 h o u r s ) / A l o i . . .. C r a t e r

244 HSFG: o n e s e e n a n d h e a r d ( 1 4 3 0 h o u r s ) / .... A l o i C r a t e r

2 4 5 o n e s e e n / c l o s e t o P a u a h i C r a t e r .... 246 NPS: now r a r e l y s e e n / a l o n g t h e C h a i n o f ....

Cra te r s

247 NPS: two s e e n / Napau Cra te r (steam f l a t s ) .... 2 4 8 NPS: o n e s e e n / Alealea (Alae) C r a t e r .... 2 4 9 NPS: o n e o b s e r v e d / Alealea (Alae) C r a t e r .... 250 o n e s e e n / K a k a o p u h i ( M a k a o p u h i ) C r a t e r . . . 2050

f l a n k o f K i l a u e a ( ? 3 0 5 0 )

2 5 1 NPS: p a i r s e e n / n e a r H i l i n a P a l i .... 2 5 2 NPS: h e a r d / P o l i - o - k e a w e p a l i .... 2 5 3 NPS: o n e s e e n / h a l f - w a y b e t w e e n K i p u k a ....

Nene a n d t h e - H i l i n a P a l i s h e l t e r

254 R i c h a r d s : n o t e d / a l o n g t r a i l ( f r o m . . . . Makaopuh i C r a t e r ) t o Napau C r a t e r , L a v a T r e e s , r e t u r n t o Makaopuh i Crater

25 J u n e 1 9 3 7

( 1 9 3 7 - 1 9 4 0 )

29 Dec. 1 9 3 8

29 Dec. 1 9 3 8

23 J u l y 1 9 3 8

Nov. 1 9 3 9

11 J u l y 1 9 4 0

11 J u l y 1 9 4 0

2 5 S e p t . 1 9 4 0

6 J u n e 1 9 4 1

Aug. 1 9 4 1

3 O c t . 1 9 4 1

(Aug. 1 9 4 8 )

1 9 Aug. 1 9 5 0

o n e c e n s u s e d ( C h r i s t m a s c o u n t ) / H i l i n a .... P a l i Road

1 J a n . 1 9 5 5

two s e e n i n 4 t r i p s t o t a l i n g 14-3/4 h o u r s / .... a l o n g t r a i l b e t w e e n Makaopuh i a n d Napau Crater

J u l y 1 9 5 9 ; Apr i l ( 2 t r i p s ) , O c t . 1 9 6 0

NPS: o n e s e e n / ( ? B y r o n L e d g e o v e r l o o k ) . . . . Nov., Dec. 1 9 5 9

NPS: o n e o b s e r v e d / S rim Makaopuh i Cra te r .... 1 O c t . 1 9 6 0

o n e s e e n / C h a i n o f Cra te r s r o a d . . . . Aug. 1 9 6 4

NPS: o n e s e e n / N a u l u F o r e s t , P o l i - o - k e a w e 1 5 0 0 1 2 F e b . 1 9 6 4

W . Banko: R. B a l d w i n saw o n e p e r c h e d ./ e d g e . . . . Napau Crater

S e p t . 1 9 6 6

W . Banko: saw d e a d '10 h a n g i n g a s a scare- .... c r o w n e a r c h i c k e n p e n / A i n a h o u Ranch

2 O c t . 1 9 6 6

M o r r i s o n : two s e e n f l y i n g t o g e t h e r / A l o i 2800 Cra ter

5 Mar. 1 9 6 7

M o r r i s o n : two s e e n . t o g e t h e r / A l o i Cra te r .... 6 A p r i l 1 9 6 7

1 May 1 9 6 7

3 J u n e 1 9 6 7

7 J u n e 1 9 6 7

M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n f l y i n g / P a u a h i Crater .... M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n c i r c l i n g / A l o i C r a t e r .... M o r r i s o n : USGS crew: o n e s e e n c i r c l i n g / 3 0 0 0 Makaopuh i C r a t e r

M o r r i s o n : B a l d w i n n o t e d o c c a s i o n a l l y o n .... h i k e / f r o m Makaopuh i Cra te r t o Napau C r a t e r

27 J u n e 1 9 6 7

M o r r i s o n : r a n c h - h a n d h a s o f t e n s e e n / .... A i n a h o u Ranch

1 J u l y 1 9 6 7

M o r r i s o n : S c h l e g e l saw o n e / A l o i C r a t e r .... 1 Aug. 1 9 6 7

2 S e p t . 1 9 6 7 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n f l y i n g / A l a e Cra te r ....

I s l a n d o f Hawai1 i-- ( C o n t i n u e d )

MAKAOPUHI CRATER ( c o n l t . )

2 7 2 M o r r i s o n : S c h l e g e l & S m a t h e r s saw o n e . . . . c i r c l i n g / N a u l u F o r e s t a rea

1 4 S e p t . 1 9 6 7

273 M o r r i s o n : two s e e n t o g e t h e r / A l o i C r a t e r .... 1 5 Dec. 1 9 6 7

22 F e b . 1 9 6 8 274 M o r r i s o n : M o r r i s saw o n e g l i d i n g u p o u t o f / .... Makaopuh i C r a t e r

2 7 5 W . Banko: o n e s e e n f l y i n g / Makaopuh i .... C r a t e r

25 Mar. 1 9 6 8

276 M o r r i s o n : W . Banko saw o n e s o a r i n g / P a u a h i C r a t e r

1 0 A p r i l 1 9 6 8

277 W . Banko: saw o n e s o a r i n g / P a u a h i , C h a i n .... o f C r a t e r s

1 9 A p r i l 1 9 6 8

278 M o r r i s o n : S h a c k e l t o n saw o n e f l y i n g / A l o i 2800 C r a t e r

8 J u l y 1 9 6 8

279 M o r r i s o n : S h a c k e l t o n saw o n e s o a r i n g / .... H i l i n a P a l i

25 J u l y 1 9 6 8

280 M o r r i s o n : S h a c k e l t o n saw o n e s o a r i n g / .... Makaopuh i Crater

7 O c t . 1 9 6 8

2 8 1 M o r r i s o n : C r u z saw o n e c i r c l i n g / N a u l u 1 8 0 0 7 Nov. 1 9 6 8

1 4 Nov. 1 9 6 8

1 6 Nov. 1 9 6 8

282 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n f l y i n g / Makaopuh i C r a t e r .... 283 M o r r i s o n : o n e h e a r d c a l l i n g / Makaopuh i ....

C r a t e r

284 W . Banko: C r o s l a n d r e p o r t e d s e e i n g two .... s o a r i n g / P a u a h i , C h a i n o f C r a t e r s

9 A p r i l 1 9 6 9

285 w. Banko: n o n e c e n s u s e d i n 1 4 . 0 s u r v e y h o u r s / K a l a p a n a t r a i l h e a d a n d A i n a h o u Ranch t r a i l t o H a l a p e

286 W e Banko: saw o n e / P a u a h i , C h a i n o f C r a t e r s

287 W . Banko: C r u z saw o n e s o a r i n g / j u n c t i o n H i l i n a P a l i a n d C h a i n o f Cra te r s r o a d

2 8 8 W . Banko: C r u z saw o n e / P u u Keone a rea , a b o u t 2 miles NW o f H a l a p e

289 W . Banko: saw two / P a u a h i , C h a i n o f C r a t e r s

290 K i n g : two s e e n / P a u a h i C r a t e r , C h a i n o f C r a t e r s r o a d

2 9 1 W . Banko: s a w o n e s o a r i n g / A i n a h o u r a n c h h o u s e

292 W . Banko: n o n e c e n s u s e d i n 4 0 . 5 s u r v e y h o u r s / NE R i f t K i l a u e a V o l c a n o

KALAPANA

293 two s e e n . . . h e a r d / K e a l a k o m o , K a l a p a n a T r a i l

294 NPS: s e e n / n e a r P e a ' s h o u s e o n t h e K a l a p a n a T r a i l

2 9 5 o n e s e e n / N a u l u , K e a l a k o m o

296 M o r r i s o n : H a n s e n saw o n e f l y i n g / W a h a u l a V i s i t o r C e n t e r , K a l a p a n a

7 , 8 May 1 9 6 9 ; 26-28 Dec. 1 9 6 9

20 S e p t . 1 9 6 9

1 3 Nov. 1 9 6 9

24 F e b . 1 9 7 0

24 A p r i l 1 9 7 0

1 9 Aug. 1 9 7 0

2 O c t . 1 9 7 0

1 6 A p r i l - 2 8 May

1 4 Nov. 1 9 4 1

1 2 Dec. 1 9 4 1

1 8 Mar. 1 9 4 3

22 Aug* 1 9 6 7

I s land of Hawai' i-- (Continued)

KALAPANA CRATER ( con' t. )

297

298

299

300

301

302

303

304

305

K I P U K A

306

307

Morrison: one seen seve ra l times / Wahaula V i s i t o r Center, Kalapana

Morrison: one seen f l y i n g / Wahaula V i s i t o r Center , Kalapana

Morrison: Ladd saw d a i l y f o r about two weeks / Wahaula V i s i t o r Center , Kalapana

Morrison: Picco saw one f l y i n g / Wahaula V i s i t o r Center, Kalapana

Morrison: seen seve ra l t imes per week / Kalapana a rea

Morrison: Ladd saw a number of times t h i s p a s t week a s h i s crew has been working along the coas t / Kamoamoa and K a i l i i l i

W . Banko: Cruz saw one / near Kalapana entrance t o HVNP

W . Banko: McBride saw one / i n HVNP near petroglyph a rea , Kalapana

Conant: l e s s than one b i rd per 4 0 ha observed i n seven of nine vegeta t ion types surveyed / e a s t of Mauna U l u flows. . .Kalapana Ex tension

PAKEKAKE

Morrison: Crosland saw one f ly ing / end of S t r i p Road

W . Banko: Baker saw two soar ing / end of S t r i p Road, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park

31 Aug. ( 1 9 6 7 )

1 Sept . ( 1 9 6 7 )

1 Sept . ( 1 9 6 7 )

7 Nov. 1 9 6 7

5 Apri l 1968

1 0 Feb. 1968

1 0 Dec. 1 9 6 9

4 Dec. 1973 ( 1 7 ~ p r i l 1974)

20 J u l y 1968

2 4 Mar. 1 9 7 1

KILAUEA CRATER

308 s e e n o n two o c c a s i o n s / v i c i n i t y V o l c a n o .... H o u s e , K i l a u e a

309 W. Banko: o n e s p e c i m e n t a k e n / K i l a u e a .... 310 Donaghho: saw o n e , h e a r d o n e / f r o m K i p u k a ....

P u a u l u N i n t o B r o w n ' s Ranch k o a f o r e s t t h e n c e S E t o f e n c e l i n e t o f e n c e l i n e a n d b a c k v i a t a n k s a n d r a n c h h o u s e ( 7 mi les)

3 1 1 C r a d d o c k : saw o n e / Mauna Loa s l o p e n e a r .... t r u c k t r a i l

3 1 2 NPS: r e p o r t e d s e e n . . .a new l o c a l i t y f o r 5500 t h i s b i r d / a l o n g t h e Mauna Loa T r u c k T r a i l

3 1 3 NPS: o n e s e e n f r e q u e n t l y / K i p u k a P u a u l u .... 314 NPS: t h r e e s e e n / S i x T a n k s a rea ( v i c i n i t y . . . .

K i p u k a K u l a l i o )

3 1 5 NPS: o n e h e a r d / K i p u k a P u a u l u . . . . 3 1 6 o n e s e e n / K i p u k a P u a u l u . . . . 3 1 7 o n e s e e n / K i p u k a P u a u l u ... 3 1 8 o n e s e e n / K i p u k a P u a u l u .... 3 1 9 NPS: o n e s e e n / i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e ....

G i a n t Koa ( K i p u k a P u a u l u )

320 NPS: o n e s e e n / v i c i n i t y o f S i x T a n k s ( n e a r . . . . K i p u k a K u l a l i o )

3 2 1 two s e e n / K i p u k a P u a u l u .... 3 2 2 o n e s e e n / K i p u k a P u a u l u . . . .

( O c t . 1 9 0 2 )

( 1 9 0 1 - 1 9 3 1 ) I

30 J u n e 1 9 3 7

1 7 , 1 8 Nov. 1 9 3 9

Nov. 1 9 3 9

1 0 Dec. 1 9 3 9

22 Dec. 1 9 3 9

1 0 J a n . 1 9 4 1

27 F e b . 1 9 4 1

26 Mar. 1 9 4 1

Aug. 1 9 4 1

20 S e p t . 1 9 4 3

2 7 O c t . 1 9 4 3

I s l a n d o f ~ a w a i ' i-- ( C o n t i n u e d )

K I L A U E A CRATER ( c o n ' t . )

3 2 3 t h r e e s e e n t o g e t h e r / K i p u k a P u a u l u .... 324 o n e s e e n / E r i m , K i l a u e a Crater . . . . 3 2 5 NPS: o n e s e e n / K i p u k a K i a r e a .... 326 W . Banko: Sumner saw '10 f r e q u e n t l y / ca. 6 0 0 0

K i p u k a M a u n a i u , K a p a p a l a

327 o n e s e e n / K i p u k a K u l a l i o 6 2 5 0

3 2 8 o n e s e e n / K i p u k a P u a u l u .... 329 two s e e n / Mauna Loa T r u c k t r a i l . . . . 330 o n e c e n s u s e d ( C h r i s t m a s c o u n t ) / Keauhou ....

( N o b r i g a ) Ranch Road ( 8 h o u r s o n f o o t , 0 . 5 h o u r b y c a r )

3 3 1 o n e c e n s u s e d ( C h r i s t m a s c o u n t ) / B i r d P a r k .... a n d w a l k t o KMC v i a g o l f c o u r s e ( 6 h o u r s b y f o o t )

3 3 2 NPS: o n e s e e n / P a r k Hdqs . .... 3 3 3 NPS: o n e s e e n / B y r o n L e d g e O v e r l o o k .... 334 NPS: o n e o b s e r v e d / o v e r Halemaumau .... 3 3 5 o n e s e e n i n 1 0 t r i p s ... 3 0 4 h o u r s / Mauna 4000-

L o a S t r i p Road 6 7 0 0

336 two s e e n i n 8 t r i p s . . . 2 1 4 h o u r s / E r i m o f .... K i l a u e a C r a t e r , K i l a u e a I k i , u p p e r C h a i n of Cra te r s Road a r e a

29 Nov. 1 9 4 2

28 Dec. 1 9 4 4

( J u n e 1 9 4 8 )

( 1 9 4 9 - 1 9 5 1 )

3 J u n e 1 9 4 9

3 1 Aug. 1 9 4 9

3 1 Dec. 1 9 5 4

3 1 Dec. 1 9 5 5

8 Nov, 1 9 5 9

6 Dec. 1 9 5 9

26 Nov. 1 9 6 0

A p r i l ( 2 t r i p s ) , May ( 2 t r i p s ) , J u n e , Aug. , Nov. , Dec. ( 2 t r i p s ) 1 9 6 0 ; Mar. 1 9 6 1

May, O c t . ( 2 t r i p s ) 1 9 5 9 ; A p r i l ( 2 t r i p s ) , J u n e , O c t . 1 9 6 0 ; F e b . 1 9 6 1

BALP69

B A L P ~ ~

ANON5 5

ANON 5 6

337 s e e n / K i l a u e a ( Ju ly-Aug. 1 9 6 3 )

4 Dec. 1966

20 J a n . 1967

338 W . Banko: saw o n e s o a r i n g / Kipuka P u a u l u

339 M o r r i s o n : J . F o r b e s saw o n e f l y i n g / High- way 11 - NPS Hdqs. e n t r a n c e j u n c t i o n

340 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n p e r c h e d / Kipuka P u a u l u a r e a

9 Mar. 1967

341 M o r r i s o n : S c h l e g e l saw o n e / Mauna Loa S t r i p Road

24 Mar. 1967

342 NPS: o n e o b s e r v e d / Mauna Loa S t r i p Road 24 Mar. 1967

4 A p r i l 1967 343 M o r r i s o n : E n g l i s h saw and h e a r d one / Kipuka P u a u l u

344 M o r r i s o n : E n g l i s h saw o n e o v e r h e a d / B i r d P a r k

9 A p r i l 1967

345 M o r r i s o n : S c h l e g e l saw o n e / Mauna Loa S t r i p Road

1 3 A p r i l 1967

346 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n f l y i n g / j u s t below B i r d P a r k

28 A p r i l 1967

347 one s e e n / on walk t o B i r d P a r k 21 A p r i l - 2 May 1967

1 7 J u l y 1967

5 Aug. 1967

348 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n g l i d i n g / S t r i p Road

349 M o r r i s o n : McBride saw o n e f l y i n g / Highway 11 - P a r k bnd ry .

350 M o r r i s o n : P a r k v i s i t o r saw o n e p e r c h e d / B i r d P a r k

6 Aug. 1967

351 M o r r i s o n : P. Banko saw o n e f l y i n g and p e r c h e d / NPS r e s i d e n c e a r e a

20 Aug. 1967

352 M o r r i s o n : McBride saw o n e f l y i n g / Highway 11 - NPS Hdqs. j u n c t i o n

2 S e p t . 1967

I s l a n d o f Hawail i-- ( C o n t i n u e d )

KILAUEA CRATER ( c o n ' t . )

353 M o r r i s o n : t h r e e s e e n t o g e t h e r / S t r i p Road 23 S e p t . 1967

26 Dec. 1967

29 Dec. 1967

8 Feb. 1968

8 Feb . 1 9 6 8

8 Feb. 1968

354 one s e e n / Mauna Loa S t r i p r o a d

355 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n t o a l i g h t / B i r d P a r k

356 NPS: o n e s e e n / Mauna Loa S t r i p Road

357 NPS: o n e s e e n / P a r k H e a d q u a r t e r s

358 M o r r i s o n : S c h l e g e l saw o n e c i r c l i n g / NPS R e s i d e n c e a r e a

359 M o r r i s o n : E n g l i s h saw and h e a r d o n e / B i r d P a r k

2 Mar. 1968

6 Mar. 1968 360 M o r r i s o n : M o r r i s saw o n e f l y i n g / B i r d P a r k

361 M o r r i s o n : saw o n e f l y i n g / Uwekahuna, K i l a u e a C r a t e r

23 A p r i l 1968

362 orris on: o n e s e e n c i r c l i n g / S t r i p Road 27 A p r i l 1968

22 May 1968 363 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n f l y i n g / Highway 11 n e a r Namakani P a i o campground

364 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n f l y i n g / Highway 11 - S t r i p Road j u n c t i o n

27 J u l y 1968

365 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n f l y i n g / K i l a u e a M i l i t a r y Camp

1 Aug. 1968

366 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n f l y i n g / K i l a u e a M i l i t a r y Camp

2 Aug. 1968

367 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n f l y i n g / n e a r Namakani P a i o

6 Aug. 1968

M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n s o a r i n g / B i r d P a r k 9 Aug. 1968

1 8 Aug. 1968 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n f l y i n g / j u n c t i o n C h a i n o f C r a t e r s and C r a t e r R i m r o a d s

M o r r i s o n : McBride saw o n e p e r c h e d / ~ d q s . Hawa i i V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k

2 3 Aug. 1968

M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n c i r c l i n g / Highway 11 - S t r i p Road j u n c t i o n

7 S e p t . 1968

M o r r i s o n : McBride saw o n e f l y i n g / P a r k Hdqs.

3 O c t . 1968

M o r r i s o n : S h a c k e l t o n saw o n e p e r c h e d / S t r i p Road

9 O c t . 1968

M o r r i s o n : C r o s l a n d saw o n e / j u s t above K ipuka P u a u l u

6 Nov. 1968

orriso on: C r o s l a n d saw o n e / Kipuka K i 8 Dec. 1968

24 Dec. 1968 W . Banko: Cruz saw o n e / n e a r K i l a u e a M i l i t a r y Camp

W. Banko: P i c c o r e p o r t e d o n e s e e n by b i r d - w a t c h e r s / Kipuka P u a u l u

28 Dec. 1968

W . Banko: H e w i t t saw o n e / Steam F l a t s 1 6 J a n . 1969

17 J a n . 1969

1 6 Mar. 1969

W . Banko: C r o s l a n d saw o n e / Kipuka P u a u l u

W . Banko: saw o n e f l y a c r o s s highway / Steam F l a t s , K i l a u e a

1 3 May 1969 W . Banko: P y l e r e p o r t e d one hove red 2 ft. o v e r h i s head f o r a few s e c o n d s / Steaming B l u f f s

W . Banko: C r o s l a n d saw two / Kipuka P u a u l u 31 Aug. 1969



3 8 3 W . Banko: P h i l i p Banko saw o n e s o a r i n g v e r y .... h i g h / NPS r e s i d e n c e a rea

30 S e p t . 1 9 6 9

1 4 S e p t . 1 9 7 0 384 W . Banko: f l u s h e d o n e c a r r y i n g smal l r a t , .e..

w h i c h i t s w a l l o w e d w h o l e a f t e r c a r r y i n g t o l o w l i m b o f n e a r b y t r e e / s i d e o f r o a d a b o v e K i p u k a P u a u l u

385 W . Banko: saw o n e s o a r i n g w i t h r a t i n . . - . t a l o n s / n e a r K i p u k a P u a u l u

1 4 S e p t . 1 9 7 0

386 W . Banko: f l u s h e d u n o b s e r v e d o n e f r o m p e r c h 4950 / S t r i p Road

9 Oct. 1 9 7 0

387 W . Banko: saw two s o a r i n g / B e l t Highway . . . . n e a r Kau-Puna Di s t r i c t b n d r y

1 8 A p r i l 1 9 7 1

388 W . Banko: saw o n e s o a r i n g / NPS h d q s . . . . . Hawaii V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k

7 May 1 9 7 1

389 W . Banko: o n e c e n s u s e d ( C h r i s t m a s c o u n t . . . . r o u t e ) / K i p u k a P u a u l u

3 1 Dec. 1 9 7 1

390 c o n s t a n t s k y w a t c h f a i l e d t o r e v e a l a n y / .... K i l a u e a M i l i t a r y Camp

3-6 May ( 1 9 7 1 )

3 9 1 o n e s e e n / K i p u k a P u a u l u .... ( 2 J u n e 1 9 7 1 )

392 W . Banko: n o n e c e n s u s e d , 1 0 . 5 s u r v e y 4400- h o u r s / a l o n g S t r i p Road - Mauna Loa t r a i l 6 6 8 0

11, 1 4 S e p t . , 9 O c t . 1 9 7 0 ; 9 , 22 Mar. 1 9 7 1

393 USFWS: o n e s e e n / K i p u k a K i , n e a r I .B.P . . . . . w e a t h e r s t a t i o n

6 J a n . 1 9 7 2

394 USFWS: o n e s o a r i n g / K i p u k a P u a u l u .... 2 F e b . 1 9 7 2

30 Dec. 1 9 7 2

(9)

GAGW 7 3 3 9 5 1 c e n s u s e d / B i r d P a r k ....

396 W . Banko: M c B r i d e saw o n e / a t H i l o e n t r a n c e t o P a r k

3 S e p t . 1 9 7 3 ( 1 7 A p r i l 1 9 7 4 )

397 n o n e c e n s u s e d / B i r d P a r k 30 Dec. 1 9 7 3

3 9 8 n o n e c e n s u s e d / Mauna L o a S t r i p Road 30 Dec. 1 9 7 3

399 n o n e c e n s u s e d / R i m o f K i l a u e a Crater 30 Dec. 1 9 7 3

400 P. Banko: n o n e s e e n i n 1 0 c e n s u s h o u r s / T r a n s e c t 5 n e a r Lua Manu

25 J a n . 1 9 7 3 - 1 5 J a n . 1 9 7 4

4 0 1 P a Banko: o n e s e e n i n 1 0 c e n s u s h o u r s f r o m 26 J a n . 1 9 7 3 - 1 5 J a n . 1 9 7 4 / T r a n s e c t 6 , K i p u k a P u a u l u

5 J a n . 1 9 7 4

2 O c t . 1 9 7 3 402 P . Banko: o n e s e e n i n 1 0 c e n s u s h o u r s f r o m 26 J a n . 1 9 7 3 - 1 5 J a n . 1 9 7 4 / T r a n s e c t 11, K i p u k a K u l a l i o

4 0 3 P a Banko: n o n e s e e n i n 3 4 . 5 c e n s u s h o u r s / T r a n s e c t s 7 ( K i p u k a K i ) , 8 ( S o f K i p u k a K i ) , 9 (mauka K i p u k a K i )

26 J a n . 1 9 7 3 - 1 6 J a n . 1 9 7 4

404 P a Banko: n o n e s e e n i n 1 0 c e n s u s h o u r s / T r a n s e c t 4 n e a r T h u r s t o n L a v a T u b e

25 J a n . 1 9 7 3 - 1 5 J a n . 1 9 7 4

4 0 5 W . Banko: M c B r i d e saw o n e / b e t w e e n H i l o e n t r a n c e HVNP a n d t u r n o f f t o Hdqs .

1 5 F e b . 1 9 7 4 ( 1 7 A p r i l 1 9 7 4 )

406 C o n a n t : n o t o b s e r v e d o n s e v e n c e n s u s e s / K i p u k a P u a u l u - T r e e Molds a r e a

Dec. 1 9 7 2 - J u l y 1 9 7 3 Aug. 1974-Mar. 1 9 7 5

Dec. 1 9 7 2 - J u l y 1 9 7 3 Aug. 1974-Mar . 1 9 7 5

407 C o n a n t : l ess t h a n o n e p e r h a , 8 % o c c u r r e n c e f r e q u e n c y ... m o n t h l y c e n s u s e s / T r a n s e c t s 4 a n d 5 , l o w e r m o u n t a i n p a r k l a n d - K i p u k a K i

4 0 7 a W . & P. Banko: f o u n d n e s t w i t h two l a r g e n e s t l i n g s / Keauhou Ranch ca. 1 0 0 f e e t f r o m P a r k b o u n d a r y

23 J u l y 1 9 7 7



4 0 7 b W. & P. Banko: f o u n d n e s t o n g r o u n d a f t e r 4340 h i g h w i n d s ; f l e d g l i n g s f l e w u p w a r d s t o n e a r - b y t r e e s / Keauhou Ranch ca. 1 0 0 f e e t f r o m P a r k b o u n d a r y

408 1 c e n s u s e d C h r i s t m a s c o u n t / rim o f K i l a u e a Cra te r

409 1 c e n s u s e d C h r i s t m a s c o u n t / Mauna Loa 4000- r o a d 6 6 0 0

410 2 c e n s u s e d C h r i s t m a s c o u n t / K i p u k a P u a u l u .... a n d a d j . a reas

4 1 1 P . Banko: p a i r s o a r i n g 0 9 0 0 h o u r s / n e a r 3300 H i ' i a k a ( H e a k e ) Crater

4 1 1 a P. Banko: t h r e e s e e n t o g e t h e r / j u s t o f f 4850 S t r i p Road

VOLCANO

412 o n e s e e n / K i l a u e a I k i Cra ter . . . . 4 1 3 o b s e r v e d p a i r / K i l a u e a I k i t r a i l . . . . 414 NPS: s e e n f r e q u e n t l y / K i l a u e a I k i .... 4 1 5 NPS: o n e s e e n / n e a r H i i a k a ( H e a k e ) C r a t e r .... 416 NPS: o n e s e e n / K i l a u e a I k i C r a t e r .... 417 o n e s e e n / 0 . 2 5 mile S o f Twin C r a t e r s 3900

( T h u r s t o n L a v a T u b e ) , b o u n d a r y o f N a t i o n a l P a r k . . . u p p e r r e a c h e s o f P u n a D i s t r i c t

30 J u l y 1 9 7 7

2 J a n . 1 9 7 8

2 J a n . 1 9 7 8

2 J a n . 1 9 7 8

2 May 1 9 7 8

4 Nov. 1 9 7 8

20 J u n e 1 9 3 7

29 Aug. 1 9 3 7

Nov. 1 9 3 9

2 Dec. 1 9 3 9

2 O c t . 1 9 4 1

1 5 S e p t . 1 9 4 3

DONW 4 7

DONW 5 1

( 2 1

( 2 1 )

( 2 1

BALP69

o n e s h o t b y r e s i d e n t a t f o r e s t - p a s t u r e e d g e / a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 mile N o f Twin C r a t e r s ( T h u r s t o n L a v a T u b e )

5 Aug. 1 9 4 9

NPS: p a i r s e e n / K i l a u e a I k i C r a t e r 23 A p r i l 1 9 6 0

27 F e b . 1 9 6 1

1 8 Dec. 1 9 6 6

9 A p r i l 1 9 6 7

2 1 S e p t . 1 9 6 7

o n e s e e n / K i l a u e a I k i C r a t e r

M o r r i s o n : o n e c i r c l i n g / K i l a u e a I k i

M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n f l y i n g / K i l a u e a I k i

M o r r i s o n : o n e g l i m p s e d f l y i n g / K i l a u e a I k i C r a t e r

M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n f l y i n g / K i l a u e a I k i 1 2 S e p t . 1 9 6 8

1 7 O c t . 1 9 6 8 M o r r i s o n : S h a c k e l t o n saw o n e s o a r i n g / K i l a u e a I k i

M o r r i s o n : two s e e n c i r c l i n g t o g e t h e r / K i l a u e a I k i

1 5 Dec. 1 9 6 8

W e Banko: C r o s l a n d saw two / K i l a u e a I k i 30 Dec. 1 9 6 8

8 Nov. 1 9 6 9

1 9 O c t . 1 9 7 0

two s e e n / K i l a u e a I k i

W e Banko: McBr i d e saw two / H i i a k a , C h a i n o f C r a t e r s

P r a t t : o b s e r v e d o c c a s i o n a l l y / a b o v e t h e f o r e s t f r o m T h u r s t o n Lava Tube 2 .5 miles N a l o n g P a r k Bndry

( J a n . 1 9 7 1 )

W e Banko: McBr ide saw o n e / n e a r K o k o o l a u C r a t e r , C h a i n o f C r a t e r s Road

22 O c t . 1 9 7 3 ( 4 ) ( 1 9 A p r i l 1 9 7 4 )

C o n a n t : l e s s t h a n 1 b i r d p e r 4 0 h a , 8 % o c c u r r e n c e f r e q u e n c y / m o n t h l y c e n s u s e s , T h u r s t o n L a v a Tube , T r a n s e c t 1

Dec. 1 9 7 2 - J u l y 1 9 7 3 ; ( 1 8 ) Q\ W

Aug. 1994-Mar. 1 9 7 5


PUU ULAULA

4 3 3 n o n e c e n s u s e d / Mauna Loa T r a i l 6600- 30 Dec. 1 9 7 3 8 2 0 0

434 C o n a n t : n o t o b s e r v e d , 8 c e n s u s e s .... Dec. 1 9 7 2 - J u l y 1 9 7 3 ; ( 1 8 ) ( T r a n s e c t 1 2 ) . . . m o n t h l y (Mauna L o a T r a n s e c t ) Aug. 1974-Mar. 1 9 7 5 / t r e e l i n e e c o s y s t e m T r a n s e c t 1 2 . . . a n d a b o v e 6700 f t . e l . o n Mauna L o a T r a n s e c t

4 3 5 C o n a n t : l e s s t h a n o n e p e r 4 0 h a . , 8 % . . . . Dec. 1 9 7 2 - J u l y 1 9 7 3 ; ( 1 8 ) o c c u r r e n c e f r e q u e n c y ... m o n t h l y c e n s u s e s / Aug. 1974-Mar . 1 9 7 5 T r a n s e c t s 7 a n d 9 , u p p e r m o u n t a i n p a r k l a n d - s u b a l p i n e s c r u b

4 3 6 P. Banko: n o n e s e e n i n 9 . 5 c e n s u s h o u r s / . . . . 26 J a n . 1 9 7 3 T r a n s e c t 1 2 , Mauna Loa t r a i l t o 7400 f t . e l . 1 6 J a n . 1 9 7 4

~ i l a u e a D i s t r i c t

MULTIQUADRANGLE

437 W . Banko: S h i p m a n ( r e s i d e n t o f Keaau a rea .... ( c a . 1 9 0 0 - 1 9 7 0 ) s i n c e 1 8 9 2 ) t h i n k s t h e r e a re a s many '10 t o d a y a s f o r m e r l y / P u n a D i s t r i c t

KALAPANA

438 W . Banko: two s e e n s o a r i n g / K a l a p a n a

4 3 9 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n / n e a r P a a v o ' s r e s i d e n c e , K a l a p a n a

440 W . Banko: P h i l i p Banko saw o n e / Kaimu

.... 29 Nov. 1 9 6 6

.... 7 O c t . 1 9 6 7

.... 8 May 1 9 7 1

441 W . Banko: P h i l i p Banko saw o n e s o a r i n g / Kaimu

26 Mar. 1 9 7 3

KILAUEA CRATER

442 saw a young b i r d j u s t o u t o f t h e n e s t / n e a r Brown ' s Ranch (now Keauhou Ranch)

Summer o f 1935 DONW 4 7

443 one s e e n / Keauhou p a s t u r e a r e a , be tween Keawewai and K i l a u e a

2 J u l y 1937 DONW 5 1

444 Mede i ro s : r e p o r t e d two / O h a i k e a 8 O c t . 1 9 4 3

26 J u l y 1967 445 M o r r i s o n : P. Banko saw o n e / V o l c a n o G o l f C o u r s e

446 W . Banko: saw t h r e e s e p a r a t e l y / Keauhou Ranch; Keawewai camp; Kipuka Kekake

30 S e p t . 1967 ( 4 )

447 W . Banko: h e a r d o n e s c r e a m i n g t h e n s a w i t p e r c h e d / i n d e n s e f o r e s t a l o n g e x t e n s i o n o f W r i g h t Road, Vo lcano

22 Nov. 1968 ( 4 )

448 W . Banko: H e w i t t saw o n e / K i l a u e a G o l f C o u r s e

1 0 J a n . 1969 ( 4

449 W . Banko: f o u r c e n s u s e d i n 1 5 . 5 s u r v e y h o u r s / V o l c a n o A g r i c u l t u r a l Exp. S t a . t o end o f W r i g h t Road, O l a ' a T r a c t

1 8 Dec. 1968; 8-11, ( 4 ) 14-16 J a n . 1969

24 Feb . , 4 , 5 Mar. ( 4 ) 1969; 9 S e p t . , 5 O c t . 1 9 7 0 ; 7 , 2 5 J a n . , 3-5, 25 Feb. 1971

450 W . Banko: c e n s u s e d two i n 28 .5 s u r v e y h o u r s / a l o n g K i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e b n d r y . t o Vo lcano Go l f C o u r s e , l ower Keauhou Ranch

30 Dec. 1973 451 t h r e e c e n s u s e d / Keauhou Ranch


VOLCANO

W . Banko: o n e spec imen t a k e n / Volcano

orriso on: P. Banko saw o n e / V o l c a n o a r e a

M o r r i s o n : B e y e r s r e p o r t s '10 a common v i s i t o r . . .est imates h e sees i t h a l f - d o z e n times a month. . . one s e e n t h i s d a t e / K a l a n i B o t a n i c a l Ga rden , n e a r K i l a u e a Road and K i l a u e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e , V o l c a n o

M o r r i s o n : F o r b e s saw two s o a r i n g / a l o n g B e l t Highway n e a r Vo lcano g a r b a g e dump

M o r r i s o n : W . Banko saw o n e s o a r i n g / B e l t Highway be tween Vo lcano and H i l o

M o r r i s o n : McBride saw o n e s e v e r a l times / a round V o l c a n o r e s i d e n c e

M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n c i r c l i n g / B e l t Highway be tween Vo lcano and H i l o

M o r r i s o n : f r e q u e n t v i s i t o r a round Kawamoto p r o p e r t y / V o l c a n o

M o r r i s o n : u n s u c c e s s f u l h a l f - d a y ' s s e a r c h / V o l c a n o a r e a

M o r r i s o n : S c h l e g e l saw o n e f l y i n g / B e l t .... Highway, H i l o t o Vo lcano

M o r r i s o n : Hansen saw o n e f l y a c r o s s highway 3200 / Bel t Highway, Vo lcano g a r b a g e dump

M o r r i s o n : L. F o r b e s saw o n e f l y i n g / n e a r .... Hongo S t o r e , Vo lcano

1898-1900

1 8 A p r i l 1967

9 May 1967

2 3 May 1967

3 J u n e 1967

1 6 J u n e 1967

1 8 J u n e 1967

26 J u n e 1967

28 J u n e 1967

1 J u l y 1967

27 J u l y 1967

5 Aug. 1967

M o r r i s o n : P h i l i p Banko saw o n e / V o l c a n o a rea

27 Aug. 1 9 6 7

1 3 S e p t . 1 9 6 7 M o r r i s o n : P h i l i p Banko saw o n e f l y i n g / K e a k e a l a n i S c h o o l , V o l c a n o

M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n / M i l e p o s t 2 9 , V o l c a n o 27 S e p t . 1 9 6 7

2 O c t . 1 9 6 7 M o r r i s o n : L . F o r b e s saw o n e / O k a m u r a ' s S t o r e , V o l c a n o

M o r r i s o n : S c h l e g e l s a w o n e / B e l t H ighway , 2 6 . 5 miles f r o m H i l o t o w a r d V o l c a n o

1 5 O c t . 1 9 6 7

M o r r i s o n : ~ c ~ r i d e saw o n e / ~ i l e p o s t 2 5 , H i l o t o V o l c a n o , B e l t Highway

29 J u l y 1 9 6 8

M o r r i s o n : McBr i d e saw o n e / V o l c a n o r e s i d e n c e

3 1 J u l y 1 9 6 8

M o r r i s o n : McBr i d e saw o n e p e r c h e d / V o l c a n o r e s i d e n c e

9 S e p t . 1 9 6 8

M o r r i s o n : McBr i d e saw o n e c i r c l i n g o v e r h i g h w a y / M i l e p o s t 2 5 , B e l t Highway, H i l o t o V o l c a n o

1 O c t . 1 9 6 8

W e Banko: n o n e c e n s u s e d i n 2 . 0 h o u r s u r v e y , 0845-1045 h o u r s / a l o n g B e l t Highway i n t o O l a a F o r e s t R e s e r v e a n d r e t u r n

11 A p r i l 1 9 6 9

1 4 May 1 9 6 9 ( 4 ) W . Banko: Okumura saw o n e s o a r i n g / B e l t Highway a t W r i g h t Road , V o l c a n o

M o r r i s o n : McBr i d e saw o n e / n e a r Okamura ' s S t o r e , V o l c a n o

8 S e p t . 1 9 6 9 ( 3 )

o n e s e e n / B e l t H ighway , H i l o t o V o l c a n o ( 2 9 Dec. 1 9 6 9 ) COGH7 0 a 4

2 9 J a n . 4 0 F e b . 1 9 7 0 ( 4 ) W . Banko: o n l y o n e p o s s i b l y g l i m p s e d d u r i n g 1 2 s u r v e y h o u r s / Keaau s u b d i v i s i o n r o a d s , S E o f Glenwood a n d Olaa F o r e s t R e s e r v e


VOLCANO ( c o n ' t . )

4 7 8 W . Banko: saw two / B e l t H ighway , H i l o t o V o l c a n o

9 F e b . 1 9 7 0

479 W . Banko: M c B r i d e saw o n e / n e a r V o l c a n o r e s i d e n c e

5 A p r i l 1 9 7 0

480 Tomich : saw o n e p e r c h e d / a l o n g H i l o t o V o l c a n o Highway , O l a a F o r e s t R e s e r v e

1 7 Dec. 1 9 7 1

4 8 1 W . Banko: h e a r d o n e / n e a r Keaau e n d o f t r a n s - K a h a u a l e a t r a i l

4 Dec. 1 9 7 2

4 8 2 W . Banko: saw o n e f l y o v e r / M i l e p o s t 2 5 , B e l t H ighway , H i l o t o V o l c a n o

7 F e b . 1 9 7 3

4 8 3 W . Banko: o n e s e e n f l y i n g / B e l t H ighway , H i l o - V o l c a n o

1 J u l y 1 9 7 3

484 p a i r s e e n c i r c l i n g / ( a b o v e V o l c a n o r e s i d e n c e )

( 1 9 O c t . 1 9 7 3 )

4 8 5 W . Banko: M c B r i d e saw o n e / G l e n w o o d , n e a r H i r a n o S t o r e

1 0 Nov. 1 9 7 3 ( 1 7 A p r i l 1 9 7 4 )

486 n o n e c e n s u s e d ( C h r i s t m a s C o u n t ) / V o l c a n o , W r i g h t Road a n d Upper O l a a F o r e s t R e s e r v e

30 Dec. 1 9 7 3

487 two c e n s u s e d / V o l c a n o communi ty 1 4 Dec. 1 9 7 4

PAHOA SOUTH

488 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n s o a r i n g / b e t w e e n Keaau and L a v a T r e e S t a t e P a r k

22 S e p t . 1 9 6 7

489 W . Banko: P h i l i p Banko saw o n e f l y i n g o v e r h i g h w a y / n e a r P a h o a

26 Mar. 1 9 7 3

KAPOHO

490 NPS: o n e s e e n / K o a e , n e a r Kapoho . . . . 4 9 1 o n e s e e n / b a c k o f t h e s t r a n d z o n e . . . f e w . . . .

miles SW o f P o h o i k i

492 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n / I s a a c Hale S t a t e P a r k . . . . 4 9 3 W . Banko: P i c c o saw o n e / G r e e n L a k e , n e a r . . . .

Kapoho

PUU MAKAALA

494 o n e s e e n / S t a i n b a c k Highway ....

495 W . Banko: n o n e c e n s u s e d i n 1 8 . 5 s u r v e y . . . . h o u r s / P u u M a k a a l a N a t u r a l Area

496 W . Banko: Kamelamela saw two / a l o n g 22 Mile Road n e a r f o r e s t b n d r y

497 W . Banko: n o n e c e n s u s e d i n 4 . 5 s u r v e y h o u r s 2766- / 2 2 Mile Road t r a i l h e a d t o B e l t Highway 2700

498 W . Banko: s a w o n e / a l o n g Olaa Back Road . . . . 1 mile S o f P e c k Road

499 W . Banko: n o n e c e n s u s e d i n 1 1 . 5 s u r v e y 2766- h o u r s / 22 Mile Road t r a i l h e a d t o beyond 3450 O l a a Back Road

500 W . Banko: Cr i e r saw o n e / U n i t C , W a i a k e a . . . . F o r e s t R e s e r v e

5 0 1 W . Banko: C r i e r saw o n e / 0 . 5 mile o f f . . . . S t a i n b a c k Highway h e a d i n g t o U n i t G , W a i a k e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e

502 W . Banko: Nass saw two t o g e t h e r , a n o t h e r . . . . n e a r b y / U n i t G , W a i a k e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e

1 0 Dec. 1 9 3 9

8 J u n e 1 9 4 1

1 O c t . 1 9 6 7

1 2 Dec. 1 9 6 8

2 5 Dec. 1 9 6 7 ORER68

1 2 F e b . , 2 6 , 2 8 Mar. ( 4 ) 1 9 6 9 ; 30 Dec. 1 9 7 2 ; 1 9 7 3

F e b . 1 9 6 9 ( 4 )

6 , 7 Mar. 1 9 6 9 ( 4 1

22 Mar. 1 9 6 9 (4 1

1 9 , 2 0 , 26 Mar. 1 9 6 9 ( 4

S e p t . 1 9 7 0 ( 2 0 )

7 O c t . 1 9 7 0 ( 2 0 )

O c t . 1 9 7 0


P U U MAKAALA ( c o n ' t. )

5 0 3 USFWS: o n e s e e n s o a r i n g / 8 . 4 miles o f f Highway 11 o n S t a i n b a c k Highway

504 USFWS: o n e s e e n p e r c h e d / o n O l a a f l u m e r o a d 1 mile o f f S t a i n b a c k Highway

505 USFWS: o n e s e e n s o a r i n g / U n i t G , W a i a k e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e 0 . 5 mile N o f f S t a i n b a c k Highway

506 USFWS: C r i e r saw two , h e a r d o n e / b e t w e e n U n i t s C and D, 3.4 miles up S t a i n b a c k Highway f r o m Mamalahoa Highway

507 USFWS: o n e s e e n p e r c h e d i n same t r e e f o u r times; w h i t e - f a c e d i n d i v i d u a l / 0 . 5 mile i n ( f r o m S t a i n b a c k Highway) o n U n i t G , W a i a k e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e

508 o n e c e n s u s e d / K u l a n i Road and Puu M a k a a l a

509 o n e c e n s u s e d / K u l a n i Road and Puu M a k a a l a

510 o n e c e n s u s e d o n C h r i s t m a s C o u n t / ~ a i a k e a F o r e s t R e s e r v e , T r a n s e c t 27

5 1 1 two c e n s u s e d o n C h r i s t m a s C o u n t / S t a i n b a c k Highway and Puu M a k a a l a

MTN VIEW

512 W . Banko: 1 4 s p e c i m e n s c o l l e c t e d / O l a a

5 1 3 W. Banko: o n e s p e c i m e n t a k e n / Keaau

514 M o r r i s o n : Donaghho r e p o r t e d s e e i n g o n e / Mtn. View o n K u l a n i r o a d

. . . . 8 Mar. 1 9 7 1

. . . . 21 Mar. 1 9 7 1

. . . . 29 J u l y 1 9 7 1

. . . . 24 F e b . , 1-3 Mar. 1 9 7 2 ( 9 )

. . . . 30 Dec. 1 9 7 3

. . . . 1 4 Dec. 1 9 7 4

.... 2 J a n . 1 9 7 8

. . . . 2 J a n . 1 9 7 8

1 3 0 0 23 Dec. 1 9 6 7

h

s! h a 3

c, C h 3 - a, h a tr a C h -4 a -4 3 tr a

3 i rcrc d 3 3

h 3 3 a a, G a k k tr x rc 0

.d tr 3 (d a c/I -d h tr C E 3 -84 G a, a, m s a 4J -d 4J

x tr tr C C 0 3 4 x 5: 0 -4 -4 k C rc a,

C 4J X EC h 3i U 0 o m +I LC c, rl a a a - d rl a G 0 4J +J 3 3 4 S C Q, a,

a rl rl G C tr 3 0 a C \ a, a, m tr C a m

\ a a - d d -4 rd a 0 \ O \ D X X h 0 0 C C C a, \ tr !4a m a a, -4 C C 4J 4J ICI

0 rl rl U u e u c

k 0 a, ccl a r l 0 KS C rl 0 a, Q) 0 0 k o 0 3 0 a m m C

0 a, h 3 p 5

m a rl m 3 \ \ \ a w o m o m

C a 3 a, 4J 4J a, a m a, a, a, a m a, a, a, LC c C C m C O 0 TJ m 3 a, 0 0 0 0 o r l 0 4 -4

a 3 4 -14 -d k a, 5 3 u 3 3 3 3 C -4 3 ~ 3~ a c r a , o aa , a a a a u 0 0 4 C a -4 m tT) PI a x m 4 l o - z

e 3 m M P

C a, 0 rl rl .* * . a 0 .3 . * a 0 .3 0 .3 . . d C * * . . . 0 O C 0 0 O C O a , 0 0 0 - d a O c , o u 0 z XC, x u x u - ~ . d r c , S E U r m r t n r C C G C m C t n C 4 C O C O C a a a 4 a s 3 4 - a a o m a a a a m m u m c , m u m e m u m 0 3 m a , m a , m

a k a c k rl rl rl * a , 3 ' a , ac, 0 3 a .d 0 -d

j 3~ 5 % 3 : ~ 324 $ 2 B E 3 6 3


UNDES IGNATED

Mauna Kea D i s t r i c t

LOCALITY

528 W . Banko: o n e o r more s p e c i m e n s t a k e n / .... Hamakua ( d i s t r i c t )

529 W . Banko: s i x s p e c i m e n s t a k e n / Hamakua .... ( d i s t r i c t )

530 W. Banko: o n e s p e c i m e n t a k e n / H i l o D i s t r i c t .... 5 3 1 W . Banko: o n e s p e c i m e n c o l l e c t e d / Hamakua ....

( d i s t r i c t )

532 o n e s e e n / Mauna Kea .... 533 saw t h r e e / l i g h t l y f o r e s t e d a r e a s (Hamakua ....

D i s t r i c t )

534 t h r e e s e e n s e p a r a t e l y d u r i n g a n n u a l game 7000- c e n s u s / Mauna Kea 9000

535 o n e s e e n / s l o p e o f Mauna Kea . . . . 536 o n e s e e n / mamane f o r e s t . . . o n c l o c k w i s e . . . .

s u r v e y a r o u n d (Mauna Kea) f r o m Puu Laau

MULTIQUADRANGLE

537 o f t e n f o u n d . . . f o u n d a n a c t i v e n e s t / u s u a l l y .... o n t h e u p p e r e d g e s o f t h e f o r e s t . . . e a s t e r n s l o p e o f Mauna Kea

538 u n r e c o r d e d on s u r v e y s ... b u t p r o b a b l y v i s i t s .... o n o c c a s i o n a t l e a s t / P o h a k u l o a T r a i n i n g Area

1898-1900

28 Feb . 1 9 0 6

May 1 9 4 0 DONW4O

Dec. 1 9 4 4 - J a n . 1 9 4 5 AMAD4 5

7-10 A p r i l 1958 DONW 6 8

1 8 J u n e 1960 EISE61

r e c e n t w i l d l i f e s u r v e y WALR62 ( w r i t t e n ca. J u l y 1 9 6 2 )

PUUOO

539 Ba ldwin saw o n e / PuuOo, a t camp by r o a d . . . . 540 one s e e n / n e a r t h e S a d d l e Road on t h e 5500

PuuOo Ranch

541 one s e e n / S a d d l e Road.. . l 9 miles f rom H i l o .... 542 t h r e e i n a g r o u p s e e n / S a d d l e Road. . . . . . .

23 miles f rom H i l o

543 USFWS: o n e s e e n / t o p o f Puu Hulu Hu lu , .... a b o u t 25 miles up S a d d l e Road f rom Mi lo

UPPER PI I H O N U A

544 W e Banko: none c e n s u s e d i n 5 s u r v e y h o u r s / 4170- a l o n g o l d t r a i l f rom S a d d l e Road t o ~ a i l u k u 4300 R i v e r and r e t u r n

P I IHONUA

545 Pa lmer c o l l e c t e d o n e s p e c i m e n / ( a b o u t .... 1 5 miles above H i l o n e a r 1880 l a v a f l o w )

546 W e Banko: o n e spec imen t a k e n / above H i l o 2000

547 Baldwin : o n e s e e n / S o f Kapehu S t r e a m . . . 2000 H i l o F o r e s t R e s e r v e

548 USFWS: o n e s e e n / P i i h o n u a F i e l d 9 .... 549 USFWS: o n e s e e n / a p p r o x . 9 .5 miles up t h e a . e e

S a d d l e Road f rom H i l o ; 1 0 m i n u t e s on f o o t S o f t h e r o a d (1530 h o u r s )

( 2 6 Nov. 1 9 4 2 )

1 5 Nov. 1 9 4 3

8 May 1959

1 6 O c t . 1962

1 2 Nov. 1972

1 3 May 1969

1 4 May ( 1 8 9 2 )

1892/1896

11 S e p t . 1941

1 7 Nov. 1970

1 3 Aug. 1972

ROTW 0 0

I s l a n d o f H a w a i ' i - - ( C o n t i n u e d )

PIIHONUA ( c o n ' t . )

550 USFWS: two s e e n f a r a p a r t / 8 miles u p 1 9 0 0 25 S e p t . 1 9 7 2 S a d d l e Road f r o m H i l o , a t s h a c k

5 5 1 USFWS: o n e s e e n / n e a r l y 1 0 miles u p t h e .... 27 S e p t . 1 9 7 2 S a d d l e Road f r o m H i l o , o f f t h e S s i d e o f t h e r o a d a b o u t 500 f t . e l .

552 USFWS: o n e s e e n , h e a r d r e p e a t e d l y / S o f .... 1 8 Dec. 1 9 7 2 t h e 8 miles marker o n t h e S a d d l e Road, 1 0 0 8 h o u r s

two s p e c i m e n s o b t a i n e d / w i t h i n 8 miles o f H i l o

P e r k i n s s h o t s p e c i m e n ( s ) / i n t h e f o r e s t a t Kaumana

W e Banko: Henshaw t o o k o n e s p e c i m e n / Keaukaha

W . Banko: Henshaw t o o k n i n e s p e c i m e n s / K a i w i k i

W . Banko: Henshaw t o o k s i x s p e c i m e n s / Kaumana

W e Banko: Henshaw t o o k f o u r s p e c i m e n s / Honomu

Mil ler : o n e s e e n f r o m t h e t r a i n / j u s t o u t o f H i l o o n way t o O l a a M i l l ( K e a a u )

. . . . Aug. 1 8 7 5

.... ( J a n . 1 8 9 6 )

. . . . 1898-1900

. . . . 1898-1900

. . . . 1898-1900

.... 1898-1900

. . . . 1 8 Dec. 1 9 0 2

560 W . Banko: o n e spec imen t a k e n / Waiakea Homesteads

561 Kubo: r e p o r t e d d e p r e d a t i o n s / a t r e s i d e n c e n e a r Kaumana Cave, above H i l o

562 one s e e n / n e a r C a r v a l h o P a r k , above County j a i l , H i l o

563 one s e e n / f l y i n g a l o n g t h e e d g e o f a cane- f i e l d b o r d e r i n g t h e g r o u n d s o f H i l o County J a i l

564 M o r r i s o n : J. F o r b e s saw o n e s o a r i n g / n e a r P o l i c e Academy, B e l t Highway

565 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n / i n t e r s e c t i o n S t a i n b a c k and B e l t Highways

566 Mor r i son : S c h l e g e l saw o n e s o a r i n g / o u t s k i r t s o f H i l o

567 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n c i r c l i n g / Highway 11 n e a r H i l o

568 USFWS: o n e s e e n / on g round i n p a s t u r e , c o r n e r Ako lea Road and Waianuenue Avenue, H i l o

569 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n / Panaewa F o r e s t R e s e r v e Bndry , Highway 11

570 M o r r i s o n : McBride saw o n e / H i l o , n e a r c e n t r a l h i l l

571 W . Banko: saw o n e f l y i n g / a l o n g highway i n d e n s e f o r e s t n e a r H i l o

572 W . Banko: Okumura saw o n e f l y i n g / Waianuenue Avenue, H i l o , above High S c h o o l

. . . . (1901-1931)

.... 29 J a n . 1962

.... 23 J u l y 1962

.... 23 J u l y 1962

23 May 1967

11 J u l y ( 1 9 6 7 )

20 Feb . 1968

1 7 Aug. 1967

1 2 A p r i l 1968

8 Aug. 1968

27 Aug. 1968

5 O c t . 1968

3 Mar. 1969

I s l a n d of Hawai1 i-- ( C o n t i n u e d )

W . Banko: saw o n e / n e a r Hale N a n i P o l i c e Academy, B e l t Highway n e a r H i l o

9 A p r i l 1 9 6 9

USFWS: o n e s e e n / 1 6 0 4 W a i l u k u rive, H i l o 1 8 S e p t . 1 9 6 9

1 J a n . 1 9 7 0 W . Banko: saw o n e a l i g h t o n p o w e r l i n e / n e a r Hale N a n i P o l i c e Academy, B e l t H ighway , n e a r H i l o

USFWS: o n e s e e n / 1 6 0 4 W a i l u k u rive, H i l o 8 Mar. 1 9 7 0

2 5 A p r i l 1 9 7 0 W . Banko: P h i l i p Banko saw o n e / H o n o l i i , 2 miles N o f H i l o

USFWS: o n e s e e n / g u l c h b e t w e e n K a i w i k i Road a n d F i e l d 5 6 s

S p r i n g 1 9 7 0

1 5 Aug. 1 9 7 0 USFWS: o n e s e e n / p a s t u r e f e n c e p o s t , c o r n e r o f A k o l e a Road a n d ~ a i a n u e n u e Avenue , H i l o

Summer 1 9 7 0

8 O c t . 1 9 7 0

USFWS: o n e s e e n / Kaumana rive, 1 . 5 miles f r o m H i l o

5 8 1 USFWS: o n e s e e n / h a l f w a y b e t w e e n ~ a i n a k u . . . . a n d Wainaku Camp One o f K a i w i k i Road

1 7 J a n . 1 9 7 1

3 F e b . 1 9 7 1

4 F e b . 1 9 7 1

4 , 9 Mar . 1 9 7 1

5 8 2 USFWS: o n e s o a r i n g / H.S.P.A. n u r s e r y , . . . . Amauulu C t r . , H i l o

583 USFWS: o n e s o a r i n g / 0 . 2 5 mile b e l o w Wainaku Camp 1

584 USFWS: o n e s o a r i n g / 0 . 5 mile b e l o w Wainaku .... Camp 1

5 8 5 USFWS: o n e s e e n / n e a r H i l o H o s p i t a l m e . .

586 USFWS: t h r e e s o a r i n g t o g e t h e r / 200 W a i k a n e .... R o a d , H i l o

5 8 7 o n e s e e n / 5 . 5 miles f r o m H i l o t o w a r d Hawaii .... V o l c a n o e s N a t i o n a l P a r k a l o n g B e l t Highway

588 W . Banko: saw two s o a r i n g / n e a r Hale N a n i . . . . P o l i c e Academy o n B e l t Highway n e a r H i l o

589 USFWS: Cr ier saw o n e s o a r i n g / a b o u t 1 mile . . .. mauka o f Wainaku Camp O n e , f i e l d 2 6 s Mauna Kea S u g a r Company

590 W . Banko: o n e s e e n / a l o n g B e l t Highway . . . . 5 miles t o w a r d V o l c a n o f r o m H i l o

5 9 1 USFWS: o n e s o a r i n g / 1 mile a b o v e H i l o . . . . H o s p i t a l

592 v i s i t s almost d a i l y . . . s o m e t i m e s two t o g e t h e r 1 0 0 0 / r e s i d e n c e i n H i l o . . . a b o u t 0 . 7 5 mile f r o m W a i l u k u R i v e r

AHUMOA

593 o n e s e e n a t a d i s t a n c e / Puu L a a u (Mauna . . . . Kea)

594 v a n R i p e r : o n e s e e n i n 4 h o u r w a l k i n g 7100- s u r v e y / P u u L a a u S t u d y Area, 500 x 5 0 0 7200 y d s , 0 .25-0 .5 mile b e l o w c a b i n t o w a r d c l e a r e d s t r i p

595 USFWS: o n e s e e n f l y i n g 5 0 f t . a b o v e . . . . g r o u n d / 4 . 5 miles W o f P o h a k u l o a T r a i n i n g Camp, S a d d l e Road

1 4 Mar. 1 9 7 1

30 Aug. 1 9 7 1

1 0 O c t . 1 9 7 1

22 May 1 9 7 2

20 Dec. 1 9 7 2

28 Dec. 1 9 7 1

(Mar. 1 9 7 5 )

28 Dec. 1 9 6 7

11 Mar. 1 9 7 1

27 Mar. 1 9 7 1


MAUNA K E A

596 o n e s e e n / f r o m l a v a r i d g e a b o v e K a h i n a h i n a 8000- 2 3 J a n . ( 1 9 6 8 ) h i l l ( ? ) ... H a l e p o h a k u a rea , Mauna Kea 9 0 0 0

PUA AKALA

597 two s e e n . . . n e s t i n same v i c i n i t y / b e l o w ca. 6 0 0 0 25 May 1 9 6 1 K a h i n a h i n a c a b i n . . . M a u n a K e a . . . b e l o w P a r k e r Ranch f e n c e l i n e

5 9 8 USFWS: m u l t i p l e s i g h t i n g s o f s i n g l e b i r d s / . . .. F a l l , W i n t e r 1 9 6 7 P i h a F o r e s t R e s e r v e

5 9 9 USFWS: o n e s e e n / P i h a F o r e s t R e s e r v e . . . . 1 0 F e b . 1 9 6 8

6 0 0 Tomich : saw o n e / n e a r K a l o a l o a o n 6 6 5 0 22 F e b . 1 9 6 8 Keanako lu -Humuula r o a d a b o u t 1 3 miles f r o m Humuula

6 0 1 USFWS: m u l t i p l e s i g h t i n g s o f s i n g l e b i r d s / . . . . F a l l , w i n t e r 1 9 6 8 P i h a F o r e s t R e s e r v e

6 0 2 USFWS: m u l t i p l e s i g h t i n g s o f s i n g l e b i r d s / . . . . w i n t e r 1 9 6 9 P i h a F o r e s t R e s e r v e

6 0 3 USFWS: o n e s e e n / P i h a F o r e s t R e s e r v e . . . . W i n t e r 1 9 7 0

6 0 4 USFWS: o n e s e e n p e r c h e d / U p p e r ~ i h a F o r e s t .... 1 6 J a n . 1 9 7 1 R e s e r v e

6 0 5 USFWS: o n e s e e n p e r c h e d / U p p e r ~ i h a F o r e s t .... 6 F e b . 1 9 7 1 R e s e r v e

6 0 6 USFWS: two s e e n t o g e t h e r / U p p e r P i h a . . . . 6 F e b . 1 9 7 1 F o r e s t R e s e r v e

AKAKA FALLS

607 two s e e n / Akaka F a l l s

608 C . Banko saw o n e s o a r i n g / Akaka F a l l s

PAPAIKOU

609 one s e e n / n e a r t h e 1 4 . 5 mile s t o r e above H i l o

610 Baldwin : saw o n e / 1 4 . 5 mile s t o r e above H i l o

611 one s e e n / n e a r Onomea

612 USFWS: two s o a r i n g t o g e t h e r / f i e l d 68S, Mauna Kea S u g a r Co., 1 . 5 miles mauka H o n o l i i Br i d g e

613 USFWS: two s o a r i n g / 1 . 2 5 miles up Mauna Kea Memorial P a r k Road

614 USFWS: Pank saw o n e s o a r i n g / K o l e Ko le P a r k , 1 2 miles from H i l o t o w a r d s Hamakua

615 W . Banko: saw o n e s o a r i n g / a l o n g B e l t Highway 7 miles N o f H i l o

616 W . Banko: saw o n e p e r c h e d on t e l e p h o n e p o l e o v e r l o o k i n g c a n e f i e l d / a l o n g B e l t Highway 1 0 miles N o f H i l o

UM I KOA

617 W . Banko: o n e spec imen c o l l e c t e d / Kukaiau

.... 4 J a n . 1939

.... 2 Dec. 1969

1 3 Nov. 1942

( 2 6 Nov. 1 9 4 2 )

5 May 1957

4 Feb . 1971

1 0 May 1 9 7 1

1 4 May 1972

21 J u n e 1973

9 J u l y 1973

I s l a n d o f H a w a i ' i-- ( C o n t i n u e d )

UMIKOA ( c o n ' t . )

6 1 8 R i c h a r d s : two o r t h r e e s e e n / o n 0 . 5 mile .... 27 Aug. 1 9 5 0 h i k e t o Puu K i h e ( c a b i n ) ... a n d 0 . 2 5 mile W a c r o s s s l o p e f r o m e n d o f r o a d f r o m K e a n a k o l u c a b i n . . . a n d v i c i n i t y o f H a n a i p o e , K e a n a k o l u , Umikoa r o a d j u n c t i o n

6 1 9 Tomich: o n e s e e n s o a r i n g / K u k a i a u Ranch 3500 6 F e b . 1 9 6 4 Hdqs .

620 Tomich: t w o s w e p t down g u l c h o v e r h i g h w a y / .. . . 1 6 Dec. 1 9 7 1 K u k a i a u

6 2 1 Tomich: l i g h t p h a s e i n f l i g h t o v e r c a n e .... 30 Dec, 1 9 7 1 ( f i e l d ) / K u k a i a u v i l l a g e

6 2 2 o n e s e e n a t t a c k i n g p i g l e t / K u k a i a u Ranch .... ( 1 9 7 5 ? )

6 2 3 W . Banko: M i r a n d a ( r e s i d e n t K u k a i a u Ranch .... (1 O c t . 1 9 7 0 ) s i n c e 1 9 3 0 ) knew '10 w e l l , o n c e r a i s e d a p e t f r o m n e s t l i n g a n d k e p t f o r 4 y e a r s ; o b s e r v e d '10 t o g e n e r a l l y r a i s e two y o u n g ; knew s e v e r a l n e s t l o c a t i o n s , o n l y o n e o f w h i c h was o c c u p i e d i n 1 9 7 0 ; many s h o t o n r a n c h y e a r s a g o when r a i s i n g t u r k e y s ; l a t e l y n o t i c e d '10 h a v e become f e w e r / K u k a i a u Ranch

KEANAKOLU

624 W . Banko: two s p e c i m e n s t a k e n / K u a i a .... 1898-1900 ( n e a r L a u p a h o e h o e )

6 2 5 Mi l le r : o b t a i n e d s p e c i m e n / v i c i n i t y . . . . 28 Dec. 1 9 0 2 B l a c o w ' s r a n c h h o u s e , a b o u t 1 0 miles a b o v e L a u p a h o e h o e

626 USFWS: m u l t i p l e s i g h t i n g s o f s i n g l e b i r d s / . . . . Laupahoehoe F o r e s t R e s e r v e

627 W . Banko: o n e s e e n s o a r i n g o v e r g u l c h / 1000 Laupahoehoe Suga r Co. r o a d f rom q u a r r y t o B e l t Highway

3 S e p t . 1969

628 W . Banko: one s o a r i n g / B e l t Highway a t . . . . Laupahoehoe

30 J a n . 1970

629 W . Banko: o n e c e n s u s e d i n 9 . 5 s u r v e y h o u r s 2080- / F o r e s t Reserve-Laupahoehoe Suga r Co. 3360 q u a r r y a r e a

6 Aug.-3 S e p t . 1969; 30 J a n . 1970

630 Tomich: o n e s o a r i n g / n e a r Keanakolu F o r e s t r y Hdqs.

6 Nov. 1 9 7 1

PAPAALOA

631 W . Banko: saw o n e / n e a r P a p a a l o a .... 7 J a n . 1967

22 Nov. 1967 632 Tomich: o n e s e e n / Laupahoehoe G u l c h , B e l t .... Highway

27 Nov. 1967 633 one r e c o v e r e d ( d e a d ) / on a b r i d g e a t P a p a a l o a , N o r t h H i l o D i s t r i c t

634 W . Banko: two s e e n s o a r i n g / B e l t Highway . . . . a t Mauula ( g u l c h )

6 O c t . 1969

635 W . Banko: o n e s e e n s o a r i n g / B e l t Highway .... a t Mauula ( g u l c h )

8 Nov. 1969

636 USFWS: o n e w i t h n e s t i n g m a t e r i a l i n b i l l / . . . . Pepeekeo Suga r Co. F i e l d 1 3 C ( 1 . 5 miles mauka o f B e l t Highway, 3 miles N o f Haka l au i n t e r s e c t i o n )

6 May 1971

2 3 Nov. 1971 637 Tomich: o n e s o a r i n g o v e r g u l c h / a t N i n o l e , .... a t B e l t Highway


HONOKAA

638 p r e s e n t / b l o c k o f F o r e s t R e s e r v e p e r h a p s 0 . 5 s q . mile i n a r e a . . . a b o v e Honokaa

. . . . (Nov. 1 9 4 4 )

6 3 9 Tomich: f l y o v e r . . . o n o c c a s i o n . . . g r ea t e s t number s e e n i n o n e day i s 2 . . . o n c e o r twice saw 2 i n f l i g h t a t o n e time / Honokaa

6 4 0 Tomich: o n e s e e n / Honokaa .... 2 3 J a n . 1 9 6 2

2100 2 3 J a n . 1 9 6 2 6 4 1 Tomich: o n e s e e n / n e a r K a l o p a G u l c h , K e a p a h u

642 Tomich: o n e s e e n o n c e / o v e r Honokaa .... O c t . 1 9 6 4

2200 7 Mar. 1 9 6 8 6 4 3 Tomich : o n e s e e n / h d q s . s i t e , new K a l o p a S t a t e P a r k , Hamakua F o r e s t R e s e r v e

6 4 4 Tomich : saw o n e / Honokaa , B e l t Highway 1 2 0 0 1 0 Mar. 1 9 6 8

. . . . 9 Nov. 1 9 7 1 6 4 5 Tomich: o n e s a i l i n g / c a n e f i e l d s a t N e w S t a b l e ( 2 miles NW o f H o n o k a a )

6 4 6 Tomich: J u v i k saw o n e s o a r i n g / n e a r Honokaa

. . . . 27 Nov. 1 9 7 1

6 4 7 Tomich: o n e s o a r i n g / o v e r Honokaa m . . . 5 Dec. 1 9 7 1

.... 1 6 Dec. 1 9 7 1 6 4 8 Tomich: o n e s o a r i n g / B e l t Highway a t K a l o p a H o m e s t e a d s

649 Tomich: o n e l i g h t p h a s e s o a r i n g / o v e r Honokaa G o l f C o u r s e

.... 2 2 Dec. 1 9 7 1

6 5 0 ~ o m i c h : o n e d a r k p h a s e l o w / o v e r Honokaa town

. . . . 22 Dec. 1 9 7 1

651 W . Banko: saw o n e f l y i n g / B e l t Highway a t .... Kaawal ii ( g u l c h )

652 W . Banko: saw o n e / m i l e p o s t 43 , a few .... miles toward Kamuela f rom Honokaa t u r n - o f f

653 s e e n f rom time t o time / Kalopa S t a t e P a r k ....

K U K A I A U

654 W . Banko: o n e spec imen t a k e n / H o r n e r ' s .... Ranch, P a a u i l o

655 M o r r i s o n : o n e s e e n / P a a u i l o .... 656 Tomich: two s e e n / o v e r highway a t Ooka l a .... 657 USFWS: two s e e n i n f l i g h t t o g e t h e r / a c r o s s ....

highway a t O o k a l a . . . c a s u a l o b s e r v a t i o n s p a s t t h r e e y e a r s s u g g e s t s i n c r e a s e i n numbers i f a n y t r e n d is d i s c e r n i b l e

658 Tomich: o n e s o a r i n g o v e r c a n e f i e l d s / n e a r .... O o k a l a a t B e l t Road

E x t r a - l i m i t a l R e c o r d s

I s l a n d o f Kaua' i

659 Ande r son obse rved . . . two b i r d s o f p r e y , .... p e r h a p s B u t e o s o l i t a r i u s P e a l e / v i c i n i t y of Waimea, Kaua i

660 two l a r g e brown hawks / a t A t o o i ( K a u a i ) . . . . 661 G . H. Dole : saw o n e / Koloa .... 662 saw p a i r o f hawks ... o n l y v e r y o c c a s i o n a l l y . . . .

s o a r e d . . . v e r y l i g h t , a l m o s t w h i t e a p p e a r a n c e s e e n f rom above / e d g e Waimea Canyon, Kaua i

4 A p r i l 1 9 7 3

26 J u n e 1973

( 1 9 7 5 )

7 A p r i l 1968

1 8 S e p t . 1968

1 8 S e p t . 1 9 7 1

21 Nov. 1 9 7 1

20-22 J a n . 1778

Feb. 1778

( 1 8 7 9 )

22 J a n . 1962

DOLS 7 9 03 W

E x t r a - l i m i t a l Records-- ( C o n t i n u e d )

I s l a n d o f Kaua' i ( c o n ' t. )

663 saw one . . . l i g h t p h a s e / a l o n g highway 56 . . . . 25 May 1874 ... be tween c a n e f i e l d s and open f o r e s t s t r e a m

664 q u e s t i o n s p r e v i o u s s i g h t i n g / a l o n g highway . . . . ( 1 4 J u n e 1 9 7 5 ) 56 . . .be tween c a n e f i e l d s and open f o r e s t stream

I s l a n d o f O 'ahu

665 a small Bu teo i d e n t i f i e d as a d a r k p h a s e B u t e o s o l i t a r i u s / P e a r l C i t y U n i t , P e a r l Harbor N a t i o n a l W i l d l i f e Re fuge , Oahu

I s l a n d o f Maui

666 p r o b a b l y t h i s b i r d ( '10) r e p o r t e d by n a t i v e s / i n t h e m o u n t a i n s o f Maui

667 Vaughn: two, c i r c l i n g , a b o u t 300 f t . a b o v e t h e g round / r e p o r t e d a t K a e l e k u , Maui. . . mauka f rom t h e Hana A i r p o r t

668 one s i g h t e d / a l o n g S c o a s t o f Maui.. . be tween Kaupo and K a n a i o

669 Vaughn: o n e r e p o r t e d / Kaupo Gap, Maui

670 Vaughn: saw o n e s o a r i n g . . .watched w i t h b i n o c u l a r s . . . d i d n o t f l y l i k e a n owl / o v e r Puu Mamane i n H a l e a k a l a C r a t e r

. . . . 28 S e p t . 1977

1 0 A p r i l 1968

2 J u n e 1971

23 J u n e 1972

A t S e a

671 C a p t . J o h n s o n : brown hawk boa rded t h e b a r k .... May o r J u n e 1897 R o d e r i c k Dhu / some 200 miles ou tward bound f rom H i l o and . . . t o o k t h r o u g h p a s s a g e t o C a l i f o r n i a

672 Andrews: boa rded s h i p / 400 miles o f f t h e .... ( 1 9 0 2 ) S p o i n t o f Hawai i

673 spec imen s e c u r e d / n e a r S a n F r a n c i s c o

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Department of Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 · 2015. 6. 8. · Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 (808) 948-8218...

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