Date post: | 13-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | jonathan-carson |
View: | 214 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Department of Human Anatomy
The Urinary System
The State Medical and Pharmaceutical University “Nicolae Testemitanu”Republic of Moldova
Lecturer Globa Lilian
Uro-genital Apparatus
Urinary Systemfor secretion and
discharge of the urine
Genital Systemconcerned with process of
reproduction
Have common sources and ways of the development, topographic sites, blood and nerve supply
Overview of the Urinary System
4 components
Functions Controlling the water and electrolyte balance,
maintain the acid-base balance Regulates blood concentrations of sodium,
potassium, chloride and calcium Regulates blood volume and blood pressure Production of urine- waste products (urea and
uric acid) Reabsorb important nutrients from urine Endocrine (rennin, angiotensin, erythropoietin)
Anatomy
1. Kidney
Each kidney is about:
Length 11.25 cm
Breadth 5-7.5 cm
Width 2.5 cm
The weight:
Male 125-175 g
Female 115-155 g
Anatomy
2. Ureter* Connects
kidney to
urinary
bladder
Anatomy
3. Urinary
bladder
* Stores
urine
Anatomy
4. Urethra
* Drains
urine from
bladder
Coverings of the Kidneys
The kidneys have the following coverings:
Fibrous capsule Perirenal fat Renal fascia with
anterior and posterior layers
Pararenal fat
Fixation of the Kidneys
The elements that held kidneys in position:
Peri- and para renal fat Renal fascia with anterior and posterior layers Vascular pedicle Intrabdominal pressure
Anatomy of the Kidney
Outer cortexInner medulla
MedullaMedulla dividedinto pyramids and columa renalis
One pyramid with corresponding cortex form renal lobe
CortexCortex divided
into pars convoluta and pars radiata
Calyx
One minorcalyx per pyramid
Minor Calyx
Major Calyx
Fusion of severalminor calyces
Usually 2-3major calycesper kidney
Fornical Apparatus
Renal Pelvis
Fusion of major calyces
Opening to theureter
Human Kidney
Urogram
The Nephron
Basic structural and functional unit of kidney
The Nephron
Filtration of blood Production of urine 1,25 million per kidney 85 miles of tubes per kidney
Components of Nephron
1. Renal corpuscle:a. Glomerulus – a net-work of convoluted capillaries
b. Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule – a hollow chamber surrounding the glomerulus
2. Proximal convoluted tubule
3. Loop of Henle (descending and ascending limbs)
4. Distal convoluted tubule
The Nephron
The Nephron
Epithelia filterthe urine
Glomerulus
Glomerulus and Capsule
afferent arteriole
efferent arteriole
urine
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Loop of Henle
only part foundin medulla
The Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
afferent arteriole
efferent arteriole
urine
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Collecting (Straight) Duct
Collecting Duct
Not part of nephron Collects urine from distal convoluted tubules
of many nephrons Opens at tip of pyramid Urine drains into minor calyx
Collecting Duct
Important Relations, Right KidneyAnteriorly:
the suprarenal gland, the liver, the descended part of the duodenum, coils of jejunum, the right colic flexure.
Posteriorly: the diaphragm, the XII-rib, the psoas, quadratus lumborum, and transversus
abdominis muscles (the renal lodge) the costodiaphragmal recess of pleura, the subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
Important Relations, Left KidneyAnteriorly:
the suprarenal gland, the spleen, the stomach, the pancreas, coils of jejunum, the left colic flexure.
Posteriorly: the diaphragm, the XI-XII rib, the psoas, quadratus lumborum, and transversus
abdominis muscles (the renal lodge) the costodiaphragmal recess of pleura, the subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
Anterior Relation of both Kidneys
1 – area hepatica;
2 – area colica;
3 – area jejunalis;
4 – area duodenalis;
5 – glandulae suprarenales;
6 – aa. renales;
7 – vv. renales;
8 – area gastrica;
9– area lienalis;
10 – area pancreatica;
11– area colica.
Ureter
Drains urine from kidney to urinary bladderLength 25-30 cm
Four parts:
1. Abdominal
2. Pelvic
3. Intramural
4. Intravesical
Ureter
Three constrictions:
1. Ureteropelvic
2. Iliac
3. Ureterovesical
Urinary Bladder
ureter opensinto posteriorwall ofbladder
Surfaces:*Posterior (fundus or base)*Anterior (contacts with pubic symphysis and retropubic space of Retzius )*Superior (covered by peritoneum)Apex continues with median umbilical ligamentNeck contains internal urethral sphincter
External urethral
Sphincter
Internal urethral
Sphincter
Urinary Bladder -- Male
Urinary Bladder -- Female
Development of the kidney
Ureteric Bud• Ureter• Pelvis • Major Calyces• Minor Calyces• Collecting Tubules
Metanephrogenic Cup• Glomerular capsule (covers a cluster
of capillaries - Glomerulus )• Proximal• Loops of Henle• Distal convoluted tubules
Three sets of structures appear during the development of the urinary system:
1. Pronephros2. Mesonephros (Mǖllerian Duct)3. Metanephros (responsible for permanent kidney)
arise from two sources:
Abnormalities
VVĂ MULȚUMESC PENTRU Ă MULȚUMESC PENTRU ATENȚIE!ATENȚIE!