DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS - SRM Institute of Science … 0503 Nuclear & Particle Physics 4 - ......

8

M. Sc (Physics)

(For students admitted from the academic year 2012)

Curriculum 2012

(Credit System)

Objectives

1. To develop strong student competencies in Physics and its applications in a

technology-rich, interactive environment.

2. To develop strong student skills in the research, analysis and interpretation of

complex information

3. To prepare the students to successfully compete for employment in Electronics,

Manufacturing and Teaching industry.

Eligibility:

B.Sc. Degree examination with Physics as Major (or)

B.Sc. Degree examination with Electronics as Major (or)

B.Sc. Degree examination in Applied Sciences of any recognized University.

Duration: 2 years in 4 Semesters

M.Sc (PHYSICS)

Guidelines for selecting courses

Category

No. of Courses

I Semester II Semester III

Semester

IV

Semester

Core courses 6 4 4 -

Core Based Elective courses - 1 - -

Technology Based Elective - - 1 -

Supportive courses - 1 - -

Career Development courses - - 1 1

Project work - - - 1

Total number of credits 74

Core courses

COURSE CODE COURSE NAME L T P C

PHY 0401 Mathematical Physics 4 - - 4

PHY 0403 Modern Optics & Electromagnetics 4 - - 4

PHY 0405 Thermodynamics & Statistical Mechanics 4 - - 4

PHY 0407 Semiconductor Devices and Linear Integrated circuits 4 - - 4

PHY 0402 Classical Mechanics 4 - - 4

PHY 0404 Quantum Mechanics 4 - - 4

PHY 0406 Condensed Mater Physics 4 - - 4

PHY0408 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 3 - 2 4

PHY 0501 Applied Spectroscopy 4 - - 4

PHY 0503 Nuclear & Particle Physics 4 - - 4

PHY 0505 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 3 2 - 4

PHY 0409 General Physics Laboratory - 2 4 3

PHY 0411 Electronics Laboratory - 2 4 3

PHY 0507 Material Science Laboratory - 2 4 3

9

Core Based Elective courses


PHY 0601 Nanomaterials & Characterization 3 - - 3

PHY 0602 Crystal Physics & X Ray Crystallography 3 - - 3

PHY 0603 Computational Materials Science 3 - - 3

PHY 0604 Radiation Physics 3 - - 3

PHY 0605 Non Linear Devices and Applications 3 - - 3

PHY 0606 Applied Magnetics 3 - - 3

PHY0607 Physics of Atmosphere 3 - - 3

PHY0608 Photonics 3 - - 3

PHY0609 Biophysics 3 - - 3

Technology Based Elective courses


PHY 0610 Non Destructive Testing 3 - - 3

PHY 0611 Solar Photovoltaic Technology 3 - - 3

PHY 0612 Materials Technology 3 - - 3

PHY 0613 Thinfilm Technology 3 - - 3

PHY 0614 Satellite Communications 3 - - 3

PHY 0615 Optical Fibre Communications 3 - - 3

PHY0616 Digital Signal Processing 3 - - 3

PHY0617 Cryogenics 3 - - 3

Supportive courses COURSE CODE COURSE NAME L T P C

PHY 0410 Computational Methods & Programming 2 - 2 3

Career Development Courses


PHY 0511 Career Development Programme - I 2 2 - 3

PHY 0512 Career Development Programme - II 2 2 - 3

Project Work


PHY 0502 Project Work - - 12 6

Total number of credits to be earned for the award of degree 74

Note :

L – Lecture Hours, T – Tutorial Hours, P – Practical Hours & C - Credits

10

SYLLABUS

SEMESTER I

Course code Course Title L T P C

PHY0401 MATHEMATICAL PHYYSICS 4 0 0 4

Course Objectives :

To develop knowledge in mathematical physics and its applications.

To develop expertise in mathematical techniques that are required in physics.

To enhance problem solving skills

To give the ability to formulate, interpret and draw inferences from mathematical solutions.

Course Outcome:

Master the basic elements of complex mathematical analysis

Solve differential equations that are common in physical sciences

Apply group theory and integral transforms to solve mathematical problems of interest in

physics .

UNIT I: VECTOR ANALYSIS 12

Vectors and Vector Spaces – Definition, Transformation of Vectors – Rotation of the Coordinate

Axes, Invariance of the Scalar Product Under Rotations, Gradient, Divergence, and Curl of

Vectors – Physical Interpretation, Vector Integration – Line, Surface and Volume Integrals, Gauss‟

theorem, Stokes‟ theorem, Dirac Delta Function – Integral Representations, Vector Analysis in

Curved Coordinates – Expression for Gradient, Divergence and Curl in Spherical Polar

Coordinates, Tensors – Contravariant and Covariant tensors, Definition of tensor of rank two.

UNIT II: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 12

Second Order Differential Equations – Bessel, Legendre, Hermite and Laguerre polynomials –

differential equations, generating functions, recurrence relations, orthogonality of functions.

One dimensional Green‟s functions – Sturm Liouville‟s type equation.

UNIT III: COMPLEX VARIABLES 12

Functions of a complex variable – Single and multivalued functions, Analytic functions – Cauchy

Riemann Conditions, Cauchy‟s Integral Theorem and Formula, Taylor and Laurent Expansions ,

Laurent Series, Singularities – Poles and Branch Points, Mapping – Translation, Rotation and

Inversion

UNIT IV: MATRICES & GROUP THEORY 12

Matrices – Basic Definitions, Inverse of a matrix, Direct Product of matrices, Orthogonal,

Hermitian, Unitary and Normal Matrices, Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors, Degenerate eigenvalues.

Introduction to Group Theory, Definition of a Group, Homomorphism, Isomorphism – Rotations as

an example, Generators of Continuous Groups, Rotation Groups SO(2) and SO(3), Rotation of

Functions, Discrete Groups.

UNIT V: INTEGRAL TRANSFORMS 12

Fourier Transforms – Definition, Linearity, Development of the Fourier Integral, Fourier Cosine

and Sine Transforms, Application to heat flow and wave equations, Convolution theorems,

Parseval‟s Relation, Momentum Representation, Laplace Transforms

11

REFERENCES:

1. Arfken & Weber, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, Elsevier, Sixth Edition 2012.

2. Murray R. Spiegel, Schaum‟s Outline of Advanced Mathematics for Engineers and

Scientists, McGraw Hill, First Edition 2009.

3. Mary L. Boas, Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences, John Wiley, Third Edition

2005.

4. Murray R. Spiegel, Seymour Lipschutz, John J. Schiller, and Dennis Spellman, Schaum‟s

Outline of Complex Variables, McGraw Hill, Second Edition 2009.


PHY0403 MODERN OPTICS & ELECTROMAGNETICS 4 0 0 4

Course Objectives:

To make the student understand the principles of Lasers.

To enable the student to explore the field of Holography and Nonlinear optics

To make the student understand the basic concepts in Electromagnetism

To allow the student to have a deep knowledge of the fundamentals of

Electromagnetism

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the course:

The student should have had a knowledge on the different types of lasers

The student should have understood the basics of nonlinear optics and

electromagnetism

The student should be able to apply the concepts of Electrodynamics

UNIT I: PRINCIPLES OF LASERS AND LASER SYSTEMS 12

Emission and absorption of Radiation – Einstein Relations. Optical feedback – Pumping threshold

condition – Laser Rate equations for two, three and four level lasers. Variation of laser power

around threshold – optimum output coupling. Laser modes of rectangular cavity – the quality factor

and line width of lasers – some laser systems: Neodymium, YAG based solid state laser, Ar ion

laser, CO2 molecular laser- Semiconductor lasers

UNIT II: HOLOGRAPHYY AND NON-LINEAR OPTICS 12

Basic principle of Holography - Recording of amplitude and phase. The recording medium and

Reconstruction of original wave front (qualitative and quantitative) – Characteristics of holographs

– Applications of holography – Advances in holography Non-Linear Optics – Harmonic generation

- Second harmonic generation – Third harmonic generation - Phase matching condition - Optical

mixing - Parametric generation of light - Self focusing of light.

UNIT III: ELECTRODYNAMICS 12

Ohm's law-electromotive force-Motional emf-Faraday's law of em induction-Induced electric field-

Inductance-Neumann formula for mutual inductance-Energy in magnetic field-Maxwell' s equations

in free space and in matter Displacement current-Boundary conditions- Potential formulation of

electrodynamics Gauge transformations-Coulomb and Lorentz gauge- Momentum-Poynting

theorem Maxwell's stress tensor-Conservation of momentum-Angular momentum.

UNIT IV: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 12

Wave equation for E and B-Monochromatic plane waves, Energy and momentum in

electromagnetic waves-Propagation in linear media-Boundary conditions-Reflection and

12

transmission at normal incidence-Reflection and transmission at oblique incidence Laws of

geometrical optics-Fresnel's equationsBrewster's angle-Dispersion in dielectric media-Anomalous

dispersion-Cauchy's formula-Electromagnetic waves in conductors-Skin depth-Boundary

conditions- Reflection at the conducting surface.

UNIT V: ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION 12

Retarded scalar and vector potentials Lienard-Wiechert potentials for a moving point charge-

Electric and magnetic fields of a moving point charge-Electric dipole radiation-Magnetic dipole

radiation-Power radiated by a point charge Velocity and acceleration fields-Larmor formula-

Lienard's generalization of the Larmor formula-radiation reaction-Abraham-Lorentz formula

REFERENCES:

1. Introduction to Electrodynamics, David J.Griffths, Prentice-Hall of India, Third Edition,

2009

2. Classical Electrodynamics, J.D.Jackson, Wiley Publishing, Newyork, 3rd

Edition, Eight

Print, 2002.

3. Laser Fundamentals, William T. Silfvast, Cambridge University Press, New Delhi, First

South Asian Edition, 2009

4. Lasers and Nonlinear optics, B.B.Laud, New Age International, New Delhi, 2011


PHY0405 Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics 4 0 0 4

Course Objectives:

The course is to understand the basics of Thermodynamics and Statistical systems.

Understand the various laws of thermodynamics

Acquire the knowledge of various statistical distributions.

To comprehend the concepts of Enthalpy, phase transitions and thermodynamic

functions.

Course Outcome:

At the end of this course, students will be able to

Basic knowledge of thermodynamic systems

Understand the basic idea about statistical distrbutions

Impart the knowledge about the phase transitions and potentials

Understand the applications of statistical laws

UNIT I: THERMODYMNAMICS OF GASES 12

Foundations of statistical mechanics, specification of states of a system-the microstate and the

macrostate, contact between statistics and thermodynamics, the free energy, the thermodynamics of

gases (evaluation of Boltzmann partition function and classical partition function), classical ideal

gas, entropy of mixing and Gibb‟s paradox, the semi-classical perfect gas.

UNIT II: ENSEMBLES 12

Ensembles, microcannonical ensemble, phase space, trajectories and density of states,Liouville‟s

theorem, canonical ensemble thermodynamic properties of the canonical ensemble,evaluation of the

total partition function, partition function in the presence of interactions,fluctuation of the assembly

energy in a canonical ensemble, grand canonical ensemble, the grand partition function and its

evaluation, fluctuations in the number of systems, the chemical potentials in the equilibrium state.

13

UNIT III: DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS 12

Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, determination of undetermined multipliers ß and a, equipartition

of energy, the Einstein Diffusion equation, Bose-Einstein statistics, the Bose- Einstein gas, Bose-

Einstein condensation, Fermi-Dirac statistics, the Fermi-Dirac gas, the

electron gas.

UNIT IV: LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS 12

Ideal gases: equation of state, internal energy, specific heats entropy, isothermal and adiabatic

processes.Compressibility and expansion coefficient, Adiabatic lapse rate.Real gases: Deviation

from the ideal gas equation ,Zeroth and first law of thermodynamics. Reversible and irreversible

processes, Conversion of heat in to work,Carnot theorem, Second law of thermodynamics.

Thermodynamics temperature. Clausius inequality.Entropy. Entropy changes in reversible and

irreversible processes, Temperature-entropy diagrams,The principle of increase of entropy

application.

UNIT V: THERMODYNAMIC POTENTIALS 12 Thermodynamic potentials: Enthalpy, Gibbs and Helmholtz functions. Maxwell relations and their

applications. Magnetic work, Magnetic cooling by adiabatic demagnetization, approach to absolute

zero. Change of phase, equilibrium between a liquid and its vapour. Clausius-clapeyron. Phase

transitions, Landau theory of phase transition, critical exponents, scaling hypothesis for the

thermodynamic functions.

REFERENCES:

1. Introduction to Thermodynamics, Classical and Statistical, 3rd EditionRichard E. Sonntag

(Univ. of Michigan), Gordon J. Van Wylen (Hope College) ISBN: 978-0-471-61427-2,

1997

2. Pathria R.K., Statistical Mechanics, 2nd Edition, Elsevier, 1996.

3. Thermodynamics and Statistical mechanics , author by John m. seddon and Julian d. gale,

3rd

edition, RSC publication, 2001, UK


PHY0407 SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND LINEAR

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 4 0 0 4

Course Objectives:

To understand the basic working of Semiconducting devices and Linear Integrated

Circuits.

To give an emphasis to the student to know the various semiconductor devices and its

working.

To give clear understanding of various fabrication techniques of semiconducting

devices.

To introduce the basic building blocks of linear integrated circuits.

Course Outcome:


Understand the fundamentals of Semiconductor Device Physics

Know the physical principles crucial to the functionality and operation of basic

semiconductor devices.

http://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-302477.html?query=Richard+E.+Sonntag

http://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-302477.html?query=Gordon+J.+Van+Wylen

14

Enrich their knowledge in understanding the linear and non-linear applications of

operational amplifiers.

UNIT I: SEMICONDUCTOR PHYYSICS INTRODUCTION 12

Introduction: a historical perspective- various semiconductor devices. Crystals - energy levels and

energy bands. Donors and acceptors - Carrier concentrations - Drift and diffusion – Non

equilibrium and recombination - the continuity equation and some solutions- high field phenomena.

UNIT II: SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES 12

p-n Junction diode - fabrication, band diagrams, and electrostatics; depletion capacitance; I(V)

characteristics. Bipolar Transistor - fabrication; currents, qualitative and quantitative; modes of

operation and characteristics. MOSFET- MOS capacitor and electrostatics; non idealities and

processing; basic I(V) relation; processing; low current and short channel effects and related

devices. Introduction to JFETs, MESFETs, and MODFETs - Photonic Devices.

UNIT III: SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY 12

Fabrication Techniques - Crystal Growth and Epitaxy - Film Formation - Lithography and Etching -

Impurity Doping - Integrated Devices.

UNIT IV: CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION FOR LINEAR IC’S 12

Operational Amplifiers Fundamentals - Basic Op amp configurations - Negative Feedback -

Nonlinear circuits using operational amplifiers and their analysis - Inverting and Non inverting

Amplifiers - Current to Voltage Converters - Voltage to Current Converters - Current amplifiers -

Difference Amplifier- Linear and– Differentiator Integrator-Active Filters- Instrumentation

amplifier - Sine wave Oscillator - Low-pass and band-pass filters - Comparator – Multi vibrators -

Triangular wave generator.

UNIT V: ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS 12

Analog switches- High speed sample and hold circuits and sample and hold Ics- Types of D/A

converter- Current driven DAC -Switches for DAC- A/D converter-Flash - Single slope- Dual

slope -Successive approximation - Delta Sigma Modulation - Voltage to Time converters. Astable

and Monostable Multi vibrators using 555 Timer - Voltage regulators - linear and switched mode

types - Switched capacitor filter – Non Linear Amplifiers-Log-Antilog Amplifiers - Analog

Multipliers – Phase Locked loops.

REFERENCES:

1. S.M. Sze, Kwok K Ng,‟ Physics of Semiconductor Devices‟, John Wiley and Sons, 3rd

edition, 2007.

2. Sergio Franco, „Design with operational amplifiers and analog integrated circuits‟, McGraw-

Hill Science Engineering, 3rd edition, 2001.

3. D.Roy Choudhry, Shail Jain, „Linear Integrated Circuits‟, New Age International Pvt. Ltd.,

2000.

4. Donald A Neamen, „Semiconductor Physics and Devices‟, McGraw-Hill, 3rd edition, 2003.


PHY0409 GENERAL PHYYSICS LABORATORY 0 2 4 3

Course Objectives:

To make the student familiarize with the basics of experimental physics .

To enable the student to explore the concepts involved in the thermodynamics

and heat

http://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/35342-EC-LINEAR-INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS-Syllabus-Anna.aspx



15

To make the student understand the basic concepts in modern optics

To allow the student to understand the fundamentals of instruments involved

Course Outcome:

At the end of the course,

The student should have had a knowledge on the different experimental

techniques.

The student should have understood the basics of physics involved in

experiments

The student should be able to apply the concepts of physics and do the

interpretation and acquire the result.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Band gap determination of the thermistor using Post office box.

2. Determination of coefficient of linear expansion – Air Wedge method.

3. Determination of susceptibility – Quinckes method.

4. Determination of thermal conductivity – Lee‟s Disc method

5. Determination of compressibilty - Ultrasonic Interferometer

6. Determination of Hall coefficient and carrier type for a semiconductor material.

7. Study of Laser beam parameters, Measurement of Numerical aperture and attenuation of the

optical fibre .

8. Determination of Stefans constant.

9. Determination of Elastic constants of glass – Cornu‟s method


PHY0411 ELECTRONICS LABORATORY 0 2 4 3

Course Objectives:

To make the student familiarize with the basics of electronics .

To enable the student to explore the concepts involved in the oscillators

To make the student understand the basic concepts in Ic‟s and digital devices

To allow the student to understand the fundamentals of multivibrators

Course Outcome:

At the end of the course,

The student should have had a knowledge on the different experimental

techniques involved in electronics.

The student should be able to independently construct the circiuts

The student should be able to apply the concepts of electronics and do the

interpretation and acquire the result.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. FET characteristics and Design of FET amplifier

2. UJT characteristics and Design of Saw tooth wave oscillator

3. Design of square wave generator using IC 741 and Timer 555 ICs – 555 IC as VCO

16

4. Design of Monostable multivibrator using the IC s 741 and 555 timer- study of frequency

divider

5. Design of schmitt‟s Trigger using the ICs 741 and 555 timer – squarer

6. Design of second order Butterworth active filter circuits – Low pass, High pass and Multiple

feed back

band pass filters

7. Counters and shift registers – 7476/7473 IC

8. Design of binary weighted and R/2R Ladder DAC using the IC 741

9. Construction of ADC using DAC, comparator and counter.

SEMESTER II


PHY0402 CLASSICAL MECHANICS 4 0 0 4

Course Objectives

To give students a solid foundation in classical mechanics.

To introduce general methods of studying the dynamics of particle systems.

To give experience in using mathematical techniques for solving practical problems

To lay the foundations for further studies in physics and engineering.

Course Outcome:

Know the difference between Newtonian mechanics and Analytic mechanics

Solve the mechanics problems using Lagrangian formalism, a different method from

Newtonian mechanics

Understand the connection between classical mechanics and quantum mechanics from

Hamiltonian formalism

UNIT I: LAGRANGIAN FORMULATION 12

Mechanics of a system of particles - Constraints and their classifications, Examples of constraints,

Principle of virtual work, Lagrange‟s equations of first kind, D‟Alembert‟s Principle, Lagrangian

formulation – Degrees of freedom and generalized coordinates. Euler-Lagrange equations of

motions, Simple applications, Invariance of Euler-Lagrange equations of motion under generalized

coordinate transformations, concept of symmetry – Homogeneity and isotropy.

UNIT II: HAMILTONIAN FORMULATION 12

Hamilton‟s equation of motion from Lagrangian by Legendre‟s dual transformation, Properties of

the Hamiltonian, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian of relativistic particles, Hamilton‟s principle -

Derivation of Hamilton‟s and Euler-Lagrange equations of motion, Invariance of Hamilton‟s

principle under generalized coordinate transformation, Hamilton‟s principal and characteristic

functions.

UNIT III: CANONICAL TRANSFORMATIONS 12

Definition of canonical transformations, Generating functions, Conditions for canonicality,

Properties and examples of canonical transformations, Liouville‟s theorem, Poisson brackets,

Poisson‟s theorem, Jacobi-Poisson theorem, Invariance of Poisson brackets under canonical

transformation. Hamilton Jacobi equation – connection with canonical transformation,

Applications to simple problems, Action-Angle variables – examples.

17

UNIT IV: RIGID BODY DYNAMICS 12

Rigid body – Degrees of freedom, kinetic energy and angular momentum of a rotating rigid body,

theorems on moment of inertia tensors, Eulerian angles, Euler‟s equation of motion, Rotation of a

free rigid body, steady precession of a symmetric top under external torque.

UNIT V: SMALL OSCILLATIONS 12

Types of equilibrium, small oscillations using generalized coordinates, Normal modes and principal

oscillations – Non-degenerate and degenerate systems, Examples of small oscillations – compound

pendula, forced vibrations and resonance.

REFERENCES:

1. N C Rana & P S Joag, Classical Mechanics, McGraw Hill, First Edition 2011

2. Herbert Goldstein, Charles P. Poole, and John L. Safko, Classical Mechanics, Pearson, Third

Edition 2011.

3. John R. Taylor, Classical Mechnics, University Science Books, First Edition 2005.

4. David Morin, Introduction to Classical Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, First Edition

2008.


PHY0404 QUANTUM MECHANICS 4 0 0 4

Course Objectives

To illustrate the inadequacy of classical theories and the need for a quantum theory

To explain the basic principles of quantum mechanics

To develop solid and systematic problem solving skills.

To apply quantum mechanics to simple systems occurring in atomic and solid state

physics

Course Outcome:

To have a working knowledge of the foundations, techniques and key results of quantum

mechanics

To comprehend basic quantum mechanical applications at the research level

Gain an ability to competently explain/teach quantum physics to others

UNIT I: GENERAL FORMALISM 12

Postulates of quantum mechanics - Wave function and its Physical Interpretation, Schrodinger

equation, time-independent Schrodinger equation, Dynamical variables and operators,

Commutation relations of operators, Hermitian operators, Expansion in Eigen functions,

Heisenberg Uncertainty relation, Time evolution operator, Schrodinger and Heisenberg pictures of

time evolution, Time variation of expectation values, The Ehrenfest theorem.

UNIT II: DISCRETE EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS 12

Harmonic oscillator in one dimension – analytic method, abstract operator method, Schrodinger

equation in three dimensions - spherical polar coordinate form, angular momentum eigen functions

and eigen values, Radial equation, Hydrogen atom, Addition of Angular Momenta.

UNIT III: PERTURBATION THEORY 12

Time independent perturbation theory for discrete levels - non-degenerate and degenerate cases,

removal of degeneracy, Spin-Orbit coupling, Fine Structure of Hydrogen, Variation method, Time-

18

dependent perturbation theory, - constant and periodic perturbations, Fermi Golden rule, WKB

approximation, sudden and adiabatic approximations.

UNIT IV: IDENTICAL PARTICLES AND SCATTERING THEORY 12

Mutual scattering of two particles – Schrodinger equation in laboratory and center of mass frames,

system of identical particles – symmetric and anti symmetric wave functions, Two electron atoms -

exchange interactions, spin half particles in a box – Fermi gas, band structure, Quantum Scattering

theory – Differential and total cross sections, scattering amplitude, Formal expression for scattering

amplitude - Green‟s functions, Born approximation – Application to spherically symmetric

potentials.

UNIT V: RELATIVISTIC QUANTUM MECHANICS 12

The Klein-Gordon (KG) equation – Charged particle in an electromagnetic field, Interpretation of

the KG equation, Dirac equation, free particle solution, equation of continuity, Plane wave

solutions of the Dirac equation, Non-relativistic limit of the Dirac equation, Fine structure of

Hydrogen.

REFERENCES:

1. B.H. Bransden and C.J. Joachain, Quantum Mechanics, Pearson, Second Edition 2007.

2. David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Pearson, Second Edition 2009.

3. Yoav Peleg, Reuven Pnini, Elyahu Zaarur, and Eugene Hecht, Schaum‟s Outline of Quantum

Mechanics, McGraw Hill, Second Edition 2010.

4. P.M. Mathews and K. Venkatesan, Quantum Mechanics, McGraw Hill, Second Edition 2010.


PHY0406 CONDENSED MATTER PHYYSICS 4 0 0 4

Course Objectives:

The course is to understand the basic knowledge on crystal structures and sytems

Understand the various process techniques available of X-Ray Crystallography

Acquire the knowledge of Lattice waves and Polaritons

To comprehend the concepts of superconductivity and magnetic properties of solids.

Course Outcome :


Basic knowledge of crystal structures and sytems

Understand the basic idea about the Electronic Properties of Solids

Impart the knowledge about the properties magnetic Properties of Solids

Understand the applications of superconductivity.

UNIT I : CRYSTAL PHYYSICS 12

Crystal solids, unit cells and direct lattice, two- and three-dimensional Bravais lattices,

crystalsystems, crystal planes and Miller indices, close packed structures, symmetry elements

incrystals, point groups and space groups.

UNIT II : RECIPROCAL LATTICE AND EXPERIMENTAL X-RAY DIFFRACTION

TECHNIQUES 12

Reciprocal lattices and its applications to diffraction techniques, Ewald Sphere, interaction of Xrays

with matter, absorption of X-rays, experimental diffraction techniques-Laue‟s diffraction technique,

powder X-ray diffraction technique, indexing of powder photographs and latticeparameter

19

determination, applications of powder method, general concept of atomic scatteringfactor and

structure factor.

UNIT III :LATTICE DYNAMICS AND ELECTRON – PHYONON INTERACTION 12

Lattice waves, Vibrations of one –dimensional monatomic lattice, Linear diatomic lattice, Three

dimensional lattice, Lattice optical properties in ionic crystal, Quantization of Lattice vibrations

concept of phonon, Inelastic scattering of neutrons and X-rays by phonon, Debye‟s model of

specific heat, Anharmonicity, , Plasmons, Plasma optics, transverse optical modes in Plasma,

Longitudinal Plasma oscillations, Polaritons, Long wavelength optical phonon in isotropic crystal

(Lyddans,Sachs and Teller relation), electron – phonon interaction In polar solids – polarons,

Electron –phonon interaction in metals

UNIT IV : ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 12

Electrons in periodic lattice: Bloch theorem, the Kronnig Penny model, classification of solids

onthe basis of band theory, effective mass, Fermi surface and Fermi gas, Hall

Effect,Superconductivity, critical temperature, persistent current, effect of magnetic fields, Meissner

effect, Thermodynamics of superconducting transitions, Manifestation of energy gap, Copper

pairing due to phonons.

UNIT V : MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 12

Classification and general properties of ,magnetic materials,. Weiss theory of

ferromagnetism,temperature dependence of spontaneous magnetization, Heisenbergs model and

molecularfield theory, curie-Weiss law for susceptibility, domain structure and ferromagnetic

domains,Bloch-Wall energy, spin waves and magnons, quantization of spin waves, the Bloch T3/2

law,Neel model of antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism.

REFERENCES:

1. Introduction to Solid State Physics, 3rd

& 6th

Editions. C. Kittel ,Wiley Publishing

2. Condensed Matter in a Nutshell, WilG.D. Mahan, Princetyon Univ. Press 2011.

3. Solid State Physics, W. Ashcroft, N.D. Mermin Holt-Rinehart-Winston 1976.

4. Elementary Solid State Physics, Principles and Applications, Ali Omar.M Addison Wesley

Publishing , 2011


PHY0408 MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS 3 0 2 4

Course Objectives :

To study the Architecture of 8085 & 8051

To study the addressing modes & instruction set of 8085 & 8051.

To introduce the need & use of Interrupt structure 8085 & 8051.

Course Outcome :

At the end of the course, the students can able to

Understand the architecture of 8085 and 8051

Impart the knowledge about the instruction set

Understand the basic idea about the data transfer schemes and its applications

develop skill in simple program writing for 8051 & 8085 and applications

20

UNIT I: ARCHITECTURE AND PROGRAMMING OF 8085 9

Architecture of 8085- organization of 8085-control, data and address buses-registers in 8085-

addressing modes in 8085- Pin cinfiquration of 8085.

UNIT II: INSTRUCTION SET 9

Instruction set of 8085-instruction types(bsed on number of bytes, operation), data transfer,

arithmetic, logical, branching- stack and I/O instructions. Timing and sequencing instruction cycles-

machine cycle of weight state-timing diagram of opcode fetch, memory read and memory write

cycles- Assembly language programming: simple programs using arithmetic and logical operations-

interrupts-maskable, non maskable ,hardware and multilevel interrupts.

UNIT III: DATA TRANSFER SCHEMES AND APPLICATIONS 9

Programmed data transfer scheme- synchronous and asynchronous and serial data transfer schemes-

interfacing devices- types of interfacing devices- Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI- 8255),

Communication interfacing device (USART- 8051), Programmable DMA controller (8257).

UNIT IV: ARCHITECTURE OF MICROCONTROLLER 8051 9

Introduction –comparison between microprocessor and microcontroller-architecture of 8051-key

features of 8051- memory organization- data and program memory-internal RAM organization-

special function registers-control registers-I/O port-counters and timers- interrupt structures.

UNIT V: PROGRAMMING THE MICROCONTROLLER 8051 9

Instruction set of 8051-arithmetic, logical, data, movable, jump and call instructions-addressing

modes-immediate, register, direct and indirect addressing modes-assembly language programming-

simple program to illustrate arithmetic and logical operations –sum of numbers, biggest and

smallest numbers in an array- software time delay system.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Perform the Arithmetic operations (addition and Subtraction) using microprocessor 8085.

2. Perform the Arithmetic operations (multiplication and division) using microprocessor 8085.

3. Code conversion using microprocessor 8085.

4. Temperature conversion using microprocessor 8085.

5. Decimal counter using microprocessor 8085.

6. Perform the Arithmetic operations (addition and Subtraction) using microcontroller 8051.

7. Perform the Arithmetic operations (multiplication and division) using microcontroller 8051.

8. Code conversion using microcontroller 8051.

9. Temperature conversion using microcontroller 8051.

10. Decimal counter using microcontroller 8051.

REFERENCES:

1. Ramesh S Goankar, Micro processor Architecture, Programming & Applications with the

8085, Penram International Publishing (India) Pvt. Ltd., Fourth Edition, 2002

2. Kenneth J. Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller, Edition3 , PublisherCengage Learning, 2004

3. Mazidi,The 8051 Microcontroller And Embedded Systems ,2 nd

Edition, PublisherPearson

Education India, 2007

4. Douglas V. Hall,Microprocessors and interfacing programming and hardware

Gregg Division, McGraw-Hill, 1986

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Kenneth+J.+Ayala%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=11

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Douglas+V.+Hall%22

21


PHY0410 COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AND

PROGRAMMING 2 0 2 3

Course Objectives:

To encourage students to "discover" physics in a way how physicists learn by doing

research.

To address analytically intractable problems in physics using computational tools.

To enhance the various computational technique with programming basic in C to face

the world of problems using high performance iteration techniques.

To show how physics can be applied in a much broader context than discussed in

traditional curriculum.

Course Outcome:


Understand the basic idea about finding solutions using computational methods basics.

Learn how to interpret and analyze data visually, both during and after computation.

Gain an ability to apply physical principles to real-world problems.

Acquire a working knowledge of basic research methodologies, data analysis and

interpretation.

Realize the impact of physics in the global/societal context.

UNIT I: ERRORS IN NUMERICAL CACULATIONS, SOLUTION OF ALGEBRAIC AND

TRANSCENDENTAL EQUATIONS ` 6

Errors In Numerical Calculations: Errors and their computation, A general error formula, Error

in series approximation, Solving numerical problems .Solution Of Algebraic And Transcendental

Equations: Introduction, The Bisection method, Successive approximation(The Iteration method),

Newton-Raphson method, Method of false position (or) Regula- Falsi method, Solving numerical

problems.

UNIT II : NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS 6

Solution by Successive Elimination of the Unknowns: Gauss elimination method, solving

numerical problems. Solution by Inversion of Matrices: Definitions, Addition and Subtraction of

matrices, Multiplication of matrices, Inversion of matrices, Solution of equations by matrix

methods, solving numerical problems. Solution by Iteration: Solutions of Linear systems (Gauss

–Seidel iteration method), Solving numerical problems.

UNIT III :THE PRINCIPLE OF LEAST SQUARES, INTERPOLATION,

EXTRAPOLATION 6

Principle Of Least Squares: Curve Fitting-Fitting a straight line, Nonlinear curve fitting.

Weighted least square approximations-Linear and Non linear Weighted Least square

approximations, Solving numerical problems. Differences, Newton’s Formula for Interpolation:

Introduction, Differences, Differences of a polynomial, Newton‟s formula for Forward

Interpolation, Newton‟s formula for Backward Interpolation, Solving numerical problems

.Interpolation with Unequal Intervals of the argument: Newton‟s General Interpolation

Formula, Lagrange‟s Interpolation formula, Solving numerical problems. Extrapolation:

Richardson‟s extrapolation, solving numerical problems

22

UNIT IV :NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION 6 Numerical Differentiation: Errors in Numerical Differentiation, Cubic-Spline Method, Solving

numerical problems. Numerical Integration: Introduction, Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson‟s 1/3-rule,

Weddle‟s rule, Gauss quadrature formula, solving numerical problems.

UNIT V :NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF ORDINARY AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS 6

Ordinary Differential Equations: Introduction, Solution by Taylor‟s series, Euler‟s method, Runge

Kutta method, Predictor-Corrector methods (Milne‟s Method), Simultaneous equations, solving

numerical problems. Partial Differential Equations: Introduction, Laplace‟s equation (Jacobi‟s

method), Parabolic and Hyperbolic equations, solving numerical problems.

PROGRAMMING NUMERICAL METHODS USING C LANGUAGE: (ALGORITHM &

PROGRAM)

1. Basic C programming using control, loop structures, arrays and functions (Faculty choice

minimum 3 to 5 programs)

2. Successive approximation(Method of Iteration),Newton Raphson method

3. The Bisection method

4. Gauss Elimination method

5. Matrix Inversion, Lagrange‟s Interpolation formula

6. Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson‟s 1/3-rule

7. Euler‟s method, Runge Kutta method(Fourth Order)

8. Predictor corrector methods

REFERENCES:

1. Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, S.S.Sastry, Prentice Hall of India, New

Delhi,2005

2. Numerical Mathematical Analysis, James B Scarborough, Oxford and IBH Publishing

company, New Delhi,1966

3. C Language and Numerical Methods ,C.Xavier, New Age International Publishers,2008

4. Numerical Methods (C language conversion of all programs in appendix) ,E Balagurusamy,

McGraw-Hill Publishers, New Delhi ,2001

CORE BASED ELECTIVES


PHY0601 NANOMATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION

TECHNIQUES 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

The course is to understand the basic knowledge on nanomaterial characterization

Understand the various process techniques available of nanostructure materials.

Acquire the knowledge of various nano nanomaterial characterization

To enhance the various analytical technique to understand the nano properties and

characteristics of nano materials.

Course Outcome:


Basic knowledge of Nanoscience and nanotechnology characterization techniques

23

Under the basic idea about the nano material and nano structure

Impart the knowledge about the properties and characteristics techniques of nano

materials Understand the applications of nanomaterials

UNIT I :MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUES 9

Optical microscopy, scanning probe microscopy,ion microscopy, and nanofabrication - confocal

Scanning Optical Microscopy and Nanotechnology -Introduction- The Confocal Microscope -

Applications to Nanotechnology- Summary and Future Perspectives ,Scanning Near Field Optical

Microscopy in Nanosciences - Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy and Nanotechnology -

Basic Concepts – Instrumentation- Perspectives.

UNIT II: SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUES 9

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy - Basic Principles of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy - Surface

Structure Determination by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy - Scanning Tunneling spectroscopies-

STM-based Atomic Manipulation - Recent Developments. Basics of Atomic Force Microscopy -

Imaging of Macromolecules and their Self-Assemblies -Studies of Heterogeneous Systems,

Scanning Probe Microscopy for Nanoscale Manipulation and Patterning - Nanoscale Pen Writing-

Nanoscale Scratching - Nanoscale Manipulation- Nanoscale Chemistry - Nanoscale Light Exposure

- Future Perspectives.

UNIT III: SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES 9

Electromagnetic – radiation – spectrum, Energy levels – Atomic – molecular – vibration – X Ray,

Spin Behavior – Nuclear – Electron – Optical spectrometry – mass spectrometry. Chromatography

– techniques by chromatographic, physical state, separation mechanism, special techniques,

detectors.

UNIT IV:THERMAL ANALYSIS METHODS 9

Principle and Instrumentation of Thermogravimetry, Differential Thermal Analysis and

Differential scanning calorimetry – principle Importance of thermal analysis for nanostructures.

UNIT V: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS 9

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy and Application, UV – principle and applications, Microwave

Spectroscopy- Raman Spectroscopy and CARS Applications - Electron Spin Resonance

Spectroscopy; Basic principle of NMR and its Applications.

REFERENCES:

1. Handbook of Microscopy Applications in Materials Science, Solid-state Physics and

Chemistry,S. Amelinckx, D. van D yck, J. van Landuyt , G. van Tendeloo, application and

method-II

2. Scanning Force Microscopy With Applications to Electric, Magnetic and Atomic Forces

Revised edition

3. Infrared spectroscopy fundamentals and applications ,Barbara Stuart ,Wiley

4. Handbook of infrared spectroscopy of ultrathin films valeri p. Tolstoy irina v. chernyshova

valeri a. skryshevsky Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New

Jersey.Published simultaneously in Canada.

24


PHY0602 CRYSTAL PHYYSICS & X – RAY

CRYSTALLOGRAPHYY 3 0 0 3

Course objectives:

Structural analysis is the first step in the characterization of any material. The atomic structure of a

material depends on the method of synthesis and on various parameters involved in the technique.

This course will

Introduce the fundamental concepts of crystal structure and

To understand the diffraction principle and use of X-rays

To understand the symmetry and space groups

To know about lattice representation and reciprocal lattices

To determine and analyse the crystal structure using x-ray diffraction

Course outcomes:

Student would have understood

The structure of various crystals

Know the theoretical framework like symmetry and space groups

Know to characterize the crystal using X-ray diffraction experiments and

Also would be able analyze the collected experimental data

UNIT – I GEOMETRY OF CRYSTALS 9

Introduction – lattice – crystal systems – symmetry – primitive and non primitive cells – lattice

directions and planes –unit cells of hcp and ccp structures – constructing crystals – interstitial

structures – some simple ionic and covalent structures - Representing crystals in projection – crystal

planes – stacking faults and twins – steoreographic projection –

UNIT – II DIFFRACTION AND X- RAYS 9

Diffraction – braggs law – diffraction methods – scattering by electrons, atoms, unit cell -

Introduction to X-rays – electromagnetic radiation – continuous spectrum – characteristic spectrum

– absorption – filters – production of X-rays – detection of X-rays – safety precautions –

Contributions of Laue, Bragg and Ewald to X-ray diffraction

UNIT – III CRYSTAL SYMMETRY 9

Symmetry of the fourteen Bravais lattices – coordination of Bravais lattice points – space filling

polyhedra -– thiry two crystal classes – centres and inversion axes of symmetry – crystal symmetry

and properties – translation symmetry elements – space groups – Bravais lattices, space groups and

crystal structures – Quasiperiodic crystals or crystalloids - -

UNIT-IV LATTICE REPRESENTATIONS 9

Indexing lattice directions – lattice planes – miller indices – zones – zone axes – zone law –

transforming miller indices and zone axes symbols – reciprocal lattice vectors – reciprocal lattice

unit cells – for cubic crystals – proofs of some geometric relationships using reciprocal lattice

vectors – Addition rule – Weiss zone law – d spacing of lattice planes

UNIT-V XRD - EXPERIMENT AND ANALYSIS 9

Powder diffraction geometry - Powder sample preparation and data collection - indexing - peaks-

shape profiles and angular dependence - powder-pattern simulation - Rietveld refinement - Single-

crystal sample preparation, data collection, data reduction, structure determination and structure

refinement

25

REFERENCES:

1. C. Hammond, The basics of Crystallography and diffraction, Oxford university press, New

York (2009).

2. B.D. Cullity, Elements of X-ray diffraction, Addison Wesley, Massachusetts (1956).

3. C. Suryanarayana, M.G. Norton, X-ray diffraction – A practical approach, Plenum press, New

York (1998).

4. C. Kittel, Introduction to solid state physics, 7th

Ed., Wiley India, New Delhi (2004).


PHY0603 COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives :

Computational physics is an intermediate between theoretical and experimental physics. This course

covers

Use of computers and limitations

the study of numerical algorithms

implementation of algorithms to solve problems

different optimization methods, probability, random number generation

understand different methods like kinetic monte carlo, molecular dynamics, density

functional theory

Course Outcome :

Student would understand

the basic computation processes

the optimization of data

the various methods of computation

application of computation to problems in Physics

UNIT-I MACHINE PROCESSING AND ERRORS 9

Introduction to Computational Physics – Components of a high performance computer – memory

hierarchy, CPU design, Vector processing, Virtual memory – Number representation- Arithmetic of

fixed and floating point numbers, Machine precision, Errors and uncertainties in computation -

Types of errors, Error propagation

UNIT-II NUMERICAL METHODS 9

Matrices - Solution of linear algebraic equations and singular value decomposition - Eigenvalue

problems, Computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors - Iterative methods for Linear systems -

solution of nonlinear equations - Software for nonlinear equations - Interpolation and

Extrapolation– Differentiation - Forward, backward and central differences - Integration-– Integral

equations – Ordinary differential equations – Partial differential equations

UNIT-III OPTIMIZATION METHODS AND SOFT COMPUTING 9

Optimization in one dimension - Multivariate problems- Steepest descent, Newton and quasi-

Newton methods, Conjugate gradient methods. Constrained optimization - Maximum entropy and

Genetic methods - Least square fitting, Non-linear least square fitting, Goodness of fit - Software

for optimization- energy minimization - Fuzzy systems - Neural Networks - Evolutionary

Computation - Machine Learning - Probabilistic Reasoning - Data Mining

UNIT-IV PROBABILITY, RANDOM NUMBERS AND MONTE CARLO METHODS 9

Elementary probability. Conditional probability. Discrete and continuous distributions. The Central

Limit Theorem. Estimation and Hypothesis testing - Uniformly distributed Pseudo random numbers

26

- Exponentially and Normally distributed Pseudo random numbers - Testing of pseudo random

number sequences - Simulation of radioactive decay - Numerical Integration -Monte Carlo

simulation techniques

UNIT-V COMPUTATION 9

Molecular dynamics simulations - Electronic structure calculations - Density Functional Theory

(DFT) - Orbital-free methods: Kinetic energy functionals - Kohn-Sham orbital-based methods:

COOP, ELFs, Polarization, self-energy corrections - Algorithms for DFT calculations - Car-

Parrinello MD, Conjugate gradient, Lanczos - O(N) algorithms based on density matrix and

localized Wannier-like orbitals - electronic states and energetics of disordered systems

REFERENCES:

1. Rubin H. Landau, Manuel J. Paez, Computational physics-Problem solving with computers,

John Wiley & sons, New York (1997).

2. P.L. DeVries, A First Course in Computational Physics, , John Wiley & sons, New York

(1994)..

3. G. Golub and J.M. Ortega Scientific Computing: An Introduction with Parallel Computing,

Academic Press, San Diego (1993)..

4. J. M. Thijssen, Computational Physics, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999


PHY0604 RADIATION PHYSICS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

Nuclear radiation and their effects to biological systems is an important part of Medical Physics.

This course is aimed to cover the

basic radiation principle

nuclear interactions with matter and detection

biological effects of radiation and measurement

shielding of nuclear radiation

Course Outcomes:

At the completion of course, student would be able to

understood the concepts of nuclear radiation

know the interaction of nuclear radiation with matter

detect the nuclear radiation

be familiar with dosimeters and measurements

protect from radiation internally and externally

UNIT-I INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER 9

Radiation sources - natural and induced radioactive sources - Half-life, decay constant, specific

activity - Basic interaction mechanisms of alpha, beta, gamma/x-rays and neutrons with matter -

Radioactive decay by alpha particle - Beta decay – positron decay - electron capture - internal

conversion - Auger, electron.

UNIT-II RADIATION DETECTION 9

Principles of radiation detection and monitoring - Gas detectors - Ionization chamber, proportional

counter and Geiger Muller counter. Semiconductor detectors - Silicon detectors - Germanium

27

detectors - Scintillation detectors - Inorganic and organic scintillators. Types of radiation monitors /

radioactivity measurement methods adopted for radiation protection.

UNIT-III DOSIMETRY 9

Definition of various dosimetric terms - exposure, absorbed dose, equivalent dose, effective dose -

Concept of radiation and tissue weighting factors and their importance - Activity, Specific activity

radiological, biological and effective half life and their relation - the concept of the same and their

importance .- biological effects of radiation

UNIT-IV RADIATION EXPOSURE AND MEASUREMENT 9

Types of exposure - External and internal exposures - internal routes of intake of radioactive

material. Use of personal dosimeters (TLDs, pocket dosimeters). – neutron measurements

Calculation of dose, Exposure measurement: Free air and Air wall chambers - Exposure-Dose

relationship, Wholebody counting and bioassay techniques

UNIT-V RADIATION PROTECTION 9

Philosophy of radiation protection - Basic radiation safety criteria –External radiation protection –

basic principles – time – distance – shielding – internal radiation protection – principle of control –

waste management – high level liquid wastes – intermediate and low level liquid wastes – air borne

wastes – solid wastes

REFERENCES:

1. G.F. Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement 4th

Ed., John Wiley & sons, New York

(2010).

2. W.R. Leo, Techniques for nuclear and particle physics experiments, Springer-Verlag, New

York (1994).

3. Herman Cember, Introduction to Health Physics 4th

Ed., McGraw Hill, New York (2008).

4. S.S.Kapoor, V.S.Ramamurthy, Nuclear Radiation Detectors, New Age International., New

Delhi (1993)


PHY0605 NLO DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To make the student understand the principles of nonlinear optics

To enable the student to explore the field of optical fibers

To make the student understand the basic concepts involved in the interaction of light with

matter

To allow the student to understand the applications of nonlinear optics

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course:

The student should have an ability to derive NLS equations

The student should have understood the basics of scattering mechanisms

The student should be able to explain the mathematical theories in nonlinear optics

UNIT I: THEORY OF LIGHT PROPAGATION 9

Maxwell‟s equation, wave equation and Refractive index – Frequency dependence of the

refractive index - linear plane waves and dispersion relation – relation between P and E –

28

nonlinear wavetrains in a Kerr medium – wavepackets , group velocity , diffraction and dispersion

– nonlinear schrodinger ( NLS) equation – linear and nonlinear birefringence – three and four wave

mixing.

UNIT II: COMMUNICATIONS IN OPTICAL FIBERS AND NONLINEAR 9

WAVEGUIDES

Overview of communications – Derivation of the NLS equation for a light fiber – nonlinear fiber

optics , possibilities and challenges – principle of waveguide and potential applications – transverse

electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes of a planar waveguide – nonlinear surface and

guided TE waves : statics – nonlinear surface waves at a single interface: dynamics- nonlinear

guided and surface TE waves in a symmetric planar waveguide – TM nonlinear surface waves.

UNIT III: INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT AND MATTER 9

Bloch equations – Maxwell‟s equations – Maxwell Bloch equations for a gas of two level atoms –

steady state response and susceptibility near resonance- counter propagating waves – Maxwell

Bloch equations for a three level atom – two photon absorption and stimulated raman scattering (

SRS ) –the condensed phase – Maxwell Debye equation – Born Oppenheimer approximation.

UNIT IV: APPLICATIONS 9

Lasers – two level lasers- optically pumped three level laser ( OPL) – optical bistability- ring cavity

– fabry perot cavity – analysis of ring cavity – instability and hysteresis in distributed feedback

structures – linear distributed feedback structure – nonlinear induced feedback in a uniform medium

– coherent pulse propagation and self induced transparency – stimulated raman scattering with

small damping – stimulated brillouin scattering .

UNIT V: MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS 9

Perturbation theory – asymptotic sequences and expansions – propagation of linear dispersive

waves – Snell‟s laws – waveguides – TEM rs cavity modes – nonlinear oscillators,wavetrains and

three and four wave mixing: method of multiple scales and WKBJ expansions – self interaction of a

single oscillator – exchange of energy between resonsant oscillators due to weak linear and

nonlinear coupling – vibrational modes of a diatomic crystal lattice.

REFERENCES:

1. Nonlinear optics, Jerome Moloney and Alan Newell, Overseas Press India, New Delhi, First

Edition, 2008.

2. Laser Fundamentals, William T. Silfvast, Cambridge University Press, New Delhi, First South Asian

Edition, 2009

3. Lasers and Nonlinear optics, B.B.Laud, New Age International, New Delhi, 2011

4. The Elements of Nonlinear Optics , P.N. Butcher and D. Cotter, Cambridge University press

,1990.

5. Nonlinear Optics, Robert W.Boyd, Elsevier Press, III rd Edition,2008.


PHY0606 APPLIED MAGNETICS 3 0 0 3

Course Objective :

The course is to understand the basics of magnetic phenomena in materials

Understand the various types of magnetization

Acquire the knowledge of spin transition phenomena.

To apply the concepts of magnetism in magnetic switching of materials

29

Course Outcomes :


Basic knowledge of magnetic phenomena in materials

Understand the basic idea about types of magnetization

Impart the knowledge about the magnetic switching

Understand the applications of magnetic nano particles

UNIT I : MAGNETISM 9

Magnetism – properties, biogenic magnets, spin transition phenomena, chemical reactions

UNIT II : TYPES OF MAGNETIZATION 9

Types of magnetization – polar magnetization, longitudinal magnetization, Transverse

magnetization, arbitrary magnetization

UNIT III : MAGNETOELECTRONICS 9

Magnetoelectronics – electrical spin injection into semiconductors, optical studies of electron spin

transmission

UNIT IV : MICROMAGNETICS 9

Micromagnetics , gmr sensor materials , magnetic switching in high density mram, gmr ram.

UNIT V: MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES 9

Magnetic nanoparticles, cluster assembled nanocomposties, self assembled nanomagnets, patterned

nanomagnetic film, hard magnetic nanostructure, soft magnetic nanostructure and applications,

nano biomagnetics.

REFERENCES:

1. Optics in magnetic multilayers and nanostructures, author - stetan visnovsky, CRC

publications, 2006 in US.

2. Ultra thin IV magnetic structures applications of nanomagnetism, author – bretislav heinrich

and j.anthony c.bland, springer publication, 2005 in germany.

3. Magnetism – molecules to materials IV, author by j.s.miller and m.drillon, wiley publication,

2002 in germany.

4. Advanced magnetic nanostructures, author by david sellmyer and Ralph skomski, springer

publication, 2006 in USA.


PHY0607 PHYYSICS OF ATMOSPHYERE 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives

To provide a keen knowledge on atmospheric behavior, description of air, stratification of

mass, trace constituents, radiative equilibrium of the planet, global energy budget, general

circulation.

To provide a deep insight on physics of atmosphere, aerosols and clouds.

To understand the Short wave and long wave radiation, radiometric, lamberts equation,

radioactive heating, thermal relaxation and green house effect.

Course outcome :

At the end of the course, students will be able to

30

Acquire knowledge on earth atmosphere governing by physical laws

Achieve basic inputs for the global circulation of atmosphere

Create a scope to identify new areas of research in the field of atmospheric science

UNIT I: GLOBAL VIEW OF ATMOSPHYERE `

9

Introduction to the Atmosphere - Descriptions of Atmospheric Behavior, Mechanisms Influencing

Atmospheric Behavior, Composition and Structure - Description of Air, Stratification of Mass,

Thermal and Dynamical Structure, Trace Constituents - Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, Ozone,

Methane, Chlorofluorocarbons, Nitrogen Compounds, Atmospheric Aerosol, Clouds. Radiative

Equilibrium of the Planet, The Global Energy Budget - Global-Mean Energy Balance and

Horizontal Distribution of Radiative Transfer, The General Circulation.

UNIT II: TRANSFORMATIONS OF MOIST AIR 9

Description of Moist Air - Properties of the Gas Phase and Saturation Properties; Implications for

the Distribution of Water Vapor, State Variables of the Two Component System - Unsaturated and

Saturated Behavior; Thermodynamic Behavior Accompanying Vertical Motion - Condensation and

the Release of Latent Heat, the Pseudo-Adiabatic Process and the Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate.

The Pseudo-Adiabatic Chart - Surface Relative Humidity, Surface Potential Temperature, Surface

Dew Point, Cumulus Cloud Base, Equivalent Potential Temperature at the Surface, Freezing Level

of Surface Air, Liquid Water Content at the Freezing Level, Temperature inside Cloud at 650 mb,

Mixing Ratio inside Cloud at 650 mb.

UNIT III: HYDROSTATIC EQUILIBRIUM 9

Effective Gravity, Geopotential Coordinates and Hydrostatic Balance, Stratification - Idealized

Stratification - Layer of Constant Lapse Rate, Isothermal Layer and Adiabatic Layer; Lagrangian

Interpretation of Stratification - Adiabatic and Diabatic Stratification.

UNIT IV: ATMOSPHYERIC RADIATION 9

Shortwave and Longwave Radiation - Spectra of Observed SW and LW Radiation; Description of

Radiative Transfer - Radiometric Quantities, Absorption - Lambert's Law, Emission - Planck's Law,

Wien's Displacement Law, The Stefan-Boltzmann Law and Kirchhoff‟s Law; Scattering - The

Equation of Radiative Transfer; Absorption Characteristics of Gases - Interactions between

Radiation and Molecules, Line Broadening; Radiative Transfer in a Plane Parallel Atmosphere -

Transmission Function and Two-Stream Approximation; Thermal Equilibrium - Radiative

Equilibrium in a Gray Atmosphere, Radiative-Convective Equilibrium, Radiative Heating, Thermal

Relaxation, The Greenhouse Effect.

UNIT V: AEROSOL AND CLOUDS 9

Morphology of Atmospheric Aerosol - Continental, Marine and Stratospheric Aerosol;

Microphysics of Clouds - Droplet Growth by Condensation, Droplet Growth by Collision and

Growth of Ice Particles; Macroscopic Characteristics of Clouds - Formation and Classification of

Clouds, Microphysical Properties of Clouds and Cloud Dissipation; Radiative Transfer in Aerosol

and Cloud - Scattering by Molecules and Particles - Rayleigh Scattering and Mie Scattering,

Radiative Transfer in a Cloudy Atmosphere; Roles of Clouds and Aerosol in Climate - Involvement

in the Global Energy Budget - Influence of Cloud Cover and Aerosol. Involvement in Chemical

Processes.

REFERENCES:

1. Essentials of Meteorology,C. Donald Ahrens, Brooks/Cole Cengage Laerning, USA, 2010

2. Fundamentals of Atmospheric Physics , Murry L. Salby, Academic Press, Elsevier, USA,

1996

31

3. An Introduction to Atmospheric Physics, David. G. Andrews, Cambridge University Press,

United Kingdom, 2000.


PHY0608 PHYOTONICS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

On successful completion of this course, students will be able to

Describe and explain the principles involved in the interactions between light and matter,

including the effects of anisotropy and non-linearity-comprehend the modification and

control of optical properties of materials by externally imposed electric, magnetic and

acoustic fields-

recall and recount the optical properties of semiconductor light sources and detectors-

expand the theory and applications of the confinement of light in waveguides and fibres

Course Outcome:

Knowledge of fundamental physics of photonics is developed to a high level

The course prepares students to be able to use sophisticated instrumentation intelligently,

with a good understanding of its capabilities and limitations.

UNIT 1 :PHYOTONICS-CRYSTAL AND GUIDED WAVE OPTICS 9

Optics of dielectric layered media, One-dimensional photonic crystals, Two- and three-dimensional

photonic crystals, Planar-mirror waveguides, Planar dielectric waveguides, Two-dimensional

waveguides, Photonics-crystal waveguides, Optical coupling waveguides, Sub-wavelength metal

waveguides (Plasmonics), Guided rays, Guided waves, Attenuation and dispersion, Holey and

photonic-crystal fibres

UNIT II : SEMICONDUCTOR PHYOTON SOURCES AND DETECTORS 9

Light-emitting diodes, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Laser diodes, Quantum-confined and

microcavity lasers, Photodetectors, Photoconductors, Photodiodes, Avalanche photodiodes, array

detectors and noise in photodetectors

UNIT III: ACOUSTO AND ELECTRO OPTICS 9

Interaction of light and sound-Acousto-optic devices-Acousto-optics of anisotropic media-

Principles of electro-optics-Electro-optics of anisotropic media-Electro-optics of liquid crystals-

Photorefractivity-Elctroabsorption

UNIT IV : NONLINEAR OPTICS 9

Nonlinear optical media-Second-order nonlinear optics-Third-order nonlinear optics-Second-order

nonlinear optics: coupled wave theory-Third-order nonlinear optics: coupled wave theory-

Anisotropic nonlinear media-Dispersive nonlinear media

UNIT V:ULTRAFAST OPTICS 9

Pulse characteristics-Pulse shaping and compression-Pulse propagation in optical fibers-Ultrafast

linear optics-Ultrafast nonlinear optics-Pulse detection

REFERENCES:

1. Saleh B E A and M C Teich, “Fundamentals of Photonics”, John Wiley,New York,1991.

2. Pal B P(Ed.), “Guided Wave Optical Components and Devices”, Academic Press,2006. 3. Smith F G and T A King., “Optics and Photonicss”,John Wiley,Chicester,2000.

4. Thyagarajan K and A Ghatak, “Nonlinear Optics,in Encyclopedia of Modern

Optics(Editors:Bob Guenther etal)”,Elsevier Ltd.,2005.

32


PHY0609 BIOPHYYSICS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives :

The course is to understand the basic knowledge on biomolecular

Understand the various theoretical modeling techniques involved in biomolecular systems

Acquire the knowledge of Structure and function of Proteins, Carbohydrates & Nuclei acid.

To comprehend the concepts of Biochemistry and system biology.

Course Outcome :


Basic knowledge of Biomolecular of chemistry and functions.

Understand the basic idea about the Structure and Function of Nucleic Acids.

Impart the knowledge about the Function of Carbohydrates and Proteins.

Understand the applications of Biomolecules.

UNIT I : CELLULAR BASIS OF LIFE 9

Structure and constituents of animal cell - plant cell and bacterial cell - its organelles - Molecular

constituents of cell (elementary ideas) - Structure of viruses - Types. Stereo Chemistry and

conformation: Asymmetric carbon - Isomerism - Types - Constitution, Configuration and

Conformation - Chirality - Fisher convention - L and D system - R-S system - Torsion angle -

Newman Projection - Conformation of ethane and n-butane - Barrier to rotation.

UNIT II : STRUCTURE AND CONFORMATION OF PROTEINS 9

Amino acids - Structure - Peptide bond - Rigid planar peptide - Cis and Trans configuration -

Torsion angles and - Steric hindrance - Hardsphere approximation - contact criteria - Ramachandran

(diagram) map - Allowed conformations for a pair of linked peptide units - (map for glycine and

alanine residues) - classification of proteins : based on functions - based on structure - globular -

fibrous - Levels of structural organization - Types of secondary structure - Helix - Sheet - turns -

super secondary and domains.

UNIT III :STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CARBOHYDRATES 9

Classification - Simple Mono saccharides - Glyceraldehyde - Fisher projection formulae - L and D

and R and S notation - other monosaccharides - Pyranose form - Stereio isomerism of sugars -

conformation of pyramid rings - Disaccharides - Structure of Cellobiose - Maltose - Lactose -

Sucrose - Types of linkages in polysaccharides - Ramachandran map for Disaccharides -

Polysaccharides - Classification - Structural-Storage - Functions of cellulose - Amylase - Chitin -

Glycogen - Complex carbohydrates - Functions of glycoproteins - Proteoglycons - Structure of

peptidoglycon - Lectins.

UNIT IV : STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS 9

Nucleosides and nucleotides - structure of oligonucleotides - Structure of DNA - Watson and Crick

model - base pairing and base stacking - Variations in DNA structure - Polymorphism - A, B and Z

DNA - Structure of RNA and tRNA - Genetic code - Protein biosynthesis - Reverse transcription -

Basic ideas of Genetic engineering.

UNIT V : MODELING TECHNIQUES 9

Basic principles of modeling, modeling by energy minimization technique, concept of rotation

about bonds, energy minimization by basic technique for small molecules, Ramachandran plot,

33

torsional space minimization, energy minimization in cartesian space, molecular mechanics-basic

principle, molecular dynamics basic principles

REFERENCES:

1. Principles of Biochemistry by A.L. Lehninger, D.L. Nelson and M.M. Cox, CBS Publishers,

New Delhi, 1993.

2. Biochemistry by L. Stryer, W.H. Freeman and Co., Newyork 1997.

3. An Introduction to X-ray Crystallography by M.M. Woolfson, Cambridge University Press,

UK, 1980.

4. Biophysics by Vasantha Pattabhi and N. Gautham, Narosa Publishmg House, New Delhi,

2002.

SEMSTER III


PHY0501 APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 4 0 0 4

Course Objectives:

To make the student understand the principles of microwave spectroscopy

To enable the student to explore the field of vibrational spectroscopy

To make the student understand the basic concepts in nuclear spectroscopy

To allow the student to understand the fundamentals of surface spectroscopy

Course Outcomes:


The student should have had a knowledge on the techniques and instrumentation of microwave

spectroscopy

The student should have understood the basics of NMR and other spectroscopic techniques

The student should be able to interpret spectra of the samples

UNIT I: MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY 12

Rotation of molecules-Rotational spectra-Rigid and non-rigid diatomic rotator-Intensity of spectral

lines-Isotopic substitution-Poly atomic molecules (Linear and symmetric top)-Hyperfine structure

and quadrupole effects-Inversion spectrum of ammonia-Chemical analysis by microwave

spectroscopy-Techniques and instrumentation

UNIT II: VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY 12

Infrared spectroscopy-Vibration of molecules-Diatomic vibrating rotator-vibrational rotational

spectrum-Interactions of rotations and vibrations-Influence of rotation on the vibrational spectrum

of linear and symmetric top and poly atomic molecules-Analysis by infrared techniques-

Instrumentation-FTIR spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy: Classical and quantum mechanical

picture of Raman effect-Polarizability-Pure rotational Raman spectrum-Vibrational Raman

Spectrum-Raman activity of vibrations of CO2 and H2ORule of mutual exclusion-Overtones and

combination-Rotational fine structure-Depolarization ratio- Vibrations of spherical top molecule-

structural determination from IR and Raman spectroscopy techniques and instrumentation-FT

Raman Spectroscopy.

UNIT III: ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY 12

Electronic spectra-Frank-Condon principle-Dissociation energy and dissociation products-Fortrat

diagram-predissociation-shapes of some molecular orbits-Chemical analysis by electronic

spectroscopy-Techniques and instrumentation-Mass spectroscopy-ESR spectroscopy-Introduction-

techniques and instrumentation-Double resonance

34

UNIT IV: NUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPY 12

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-Introduction-Interaction of spin and magnetic field-

population of energy levels-Larmor precession-Relaxation times-Chemical shift and its

measurement-Coupling constant-coupling between several nuclei-quadrupole effects-C13 NMR

spectroscopy Mossbauer spectroscopy: Principle-instrumentation-Effect of electric and magnetic

fields

UNIT V: SURFACE SPECTROSCOPY 12

Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS)-Reflection absorption spectroscopy (RAIRS)-

Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES); XPES, UPES-Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) X-ray

Fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF)-SIMS

REFERENCES:

1. Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy : Colin Banwell and Mc Cash, TMH publishers, IVth

Edition, 2002

2. Molecular structure and Spectroscopy, G.Aruldhas, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2001

3. Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy : basic aspects and practical applications, Sune Svanbag,

Springer,IIIrd

Edition, 2001

4. Molecular Spectroscopy, Jeanne L Mc Hale, Pearson Education, New Delhi, Ist Indian

Edition,2008.


PHY0503 Nuclear and Particle Physics 4 0 0 4

Course Objectives

To study the general properties of nucleus

To study the nuclear forces and nuclear reactions.

To introduce the concept of elementary particles

Course Outcomes


Acquire basic knowledge about nuclear and particle physics

Develop the nuclear reactions and neutron physics.

Understand the nuclear fission and fusion reactions.

Impart the knowledge about the nuclear forces and elementary particles

UNIT I: GENERAL PROPERTIES OF NUCLEUS 12

Nuclear mass and binding energy- spin, parity, mass defect, mass excess, packing and binding

fraction-Weizacker‟s semi empirical formula- nuclear stability- nuclear mass measurement- double

focusing mass spectrograph using cyclotron principle- quadrapole mass spectrometer

UNIT II: NUCLEAR FORCES 12

General characteristics of nuclear forces-ground state of D2 (simple theory)- the meson theory of

nuclear forces- neutron, protron scattering at low energy-spin dependence f,n,p forces. Nuclear

models- liquid drop model-shell and collective model.

UNIT III: NUCLEAR REACTIONS 12

Types of nuclear reaction- conservation laws of nuclear reaction- theories of nuclear reaction- the

compound nuclear theory- nuclear reaction cross section-resonance scattering and reaction cross

section-Bried Wigner single level formula for scattering.

35

Neutron physics

Discovery of neutron- neutron sources- detection of neutron-fundamental properties of neutron –

interaction of neutron with metal in bulk- slowing down of fast neutron- neutron diffusion-diffusion

of fast neutron and Fermi age equation.

UNIT IV : NUCLEAR FISSION AND FUSION 12

Discovery of fission-energy release in fission-nature of fission fragments-energy tic of fission

fragments- Bohr Weeler theory of nuclear fission- neutron multiplication and fission change

reaction- thermal utilization fraction- multiplication factor- four factor formula- critical size of

reactor-reactor materials-research and development reactor-power reactor-biological and other

effects of nuclear radiation. Nuclear fussion and thermo nuclear reactions-sources of energy in

stars- controlled thermo nuclear reaction- Lawson criteria- magnetic mirror devices- pellet fusion.

UNIT V: ELEMENTARY PARTICLES 12

Classification of elementary particles –fundamental interactions – parameters of elementary

particles- conservation laws and their validity- CPT theorem- properties of elementary particles-

elementary ideas of SU3 (symmetry,quark‟s flavers and colours).

REFERENCES:

1. Kenneth S. Krane, Introductory nuclear physics, Wiley India, New Delhi (2008).

2. J. Basdevant, J. Rich, M. Spiro, Fundamentals in nuclear physics, Springer, New York

(2005).

3. D. Griffiths, Introduction to elementary particles, Wiley VCH, Weinheim (2008).

4. D.C. Tayal, Nuclear Physics, 4th

edition, Himalaya House, Bombay (1980).


PHY0505 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 3 2 0 4

Course Objectives:

The course is to understand the basic knowledge on nanoscience and nanotechnology

Understand the various process techniques available of nanostructure materials.

Acquire the knowledge of various nano particles process methods

To enhance the various analytical technique to understand the nano properties and

characteristics of nano materials.

Course Outcome:


Basic knowledge of Nanoscience and nanotechnology

Under the basic idea about the nano structure

Impart the knowledge about the properties and characteristics techniques of nano materials

Understand the applications of nanomaterials.

UNIT I: NANOSYSTEMS 9

Nanoparticles through homogeneous nucleation-Growth controlled by diffusion-growth controlled

by surface process-influences of reduction reagents-solid state phase segregation-kinetically

confined synthesis of nanoparticles-template based synthesis, Self assemble monolayer.

UNIT II: NANO STRUCTURES 9

Zero dimensional, one-dimensional and two dimensional nanostructures- clusters of metals and

semiconductors, and nanocomposites.

36

UNIT III: SYNTHESIS OF NANO MATERIALS 9

Top-Down Approach - Bottom Up Approach – Nanoparticles Synthesis - Gas Phase Synthesis -

PVD ,CVD, Sol Gel Processing, Production - Langmuir Blodgett Thin Film System - Laser

Ablation – Sputtering - DC Magnetron Sputtering.

UNIT IV : CHARACTERIZATIONS AND PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS 9

Optical Microscopy, AFM, SEM, TEM, - techniques and imaging, properties in nanoscale – optical,

magnetic and electronic.

UNIT V: APPLICATION NANO MATERIALS 9

Molecular and Nanoelectronics – nanobots – quantum dot – quantum well – photoelectrochemical

cell – photonic crystal – core shell .

REFERENCES:

1. Nanostructure and Nanomaterials, synthesis properties and application, 2nd Edition, Author

by Guozhong Cao & ying wang, Published by world scientific published, printed in 2004

Singapore.

2. Hand book of Nanotechnology, 3rd edition Author by Bhusha, Published in springer, printed

2004 German.

3. Nanostructure materials, processing, properties and potential applications, 2nd Edition, Author

by Carl C Koch, Published by William andrew publications, printed in 2007 US.

4. Nanomaterials, synthesis, properties and applications 2nd

Edition, Author by A.S. Edelstein,

Publised by Insitute of physics publishing Bristol and Philadelphia, printed in 2000 UK.


PHY0507 MATERIALS SCIENCE LABORATORY 0 2 4 3

Course Objectives:

To make the student familiarize with the basics of materials science.

To enable the student to explore the concepts involved in the X-ray diffraction

To make the student understand the basic concepts in absorption and Infrared spectroscopy

To allow the student to understand the fundamentals of Hall effect and Hystersis

Course Outcomes:


The student should have had a knowledge on the different experimental techniques.

The student should be able to perform the phase determination using X – ray diffraction

The student should be able deposit thin films by spin coating technique

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Phase Determination using XRD spectrum for thin films

2. To determine the IV characterization of semi conducting materials by using four probe.

3. Thin film deposition by spin coating technique

4. To determine the particle size using UV spectra

5. To determine the Hall co efficient and carrier type for a semi conducting nano material

6. To do the peak analysis of IR transmission spectrum using FTIR spectrometer

37

7. To identify the elements using XRF

8. To determine the dielectric constant by using EIS1. Band gap determination using Post

office box.

9. To trace the hysteresis loop for a magnetic material – BH Curve apparatus

TECHNOLOGY BASED ELECTIVE


PHY0610 NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING 3 0 0 3

Course objectives:

Non-destructive evaluation forms an important part of Quality assurance of the developed material

in the industry. This course covers the non destructive methods of testing materials like

Liquid penetrant testing

Magnetic particle testing

Eddy current testing

X-ray and Gamma ray inspection

Ultrasonic inspection

Course outcome:

At the completion of the course, students would have got familiarized with

Visual testing and liquid penetration inspection of material

Generation of magnetic field and magnetic particle testing of material

Generation of Eddy currents and testing of material

Radiographic inspection of material

Generation of ultrasonics and inspection of material

UNIT I: NDT AND LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING 9

Introduction to Non-destructive testing –Defects in materials - Selection of ND evaluation methods

– Visual testing - leak testing – liquid penetration inspection – principles - types and properties of

liquid penetrants – developers - advantages and limitations – preparation of test materials and test

procedure – interpretation and evaluation of test results

UNIT II: MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING 9

Magnetic particle inspection – magnetization by means of direct and alternating currents – surface

strength characteristics - magnetic particles type – suspension– application and limitations – field

produced by current in a coil, shape and size of coils - field strength - current calculations -

magnetic bargausen noise analysis

UNIT III: EDDY CURRENT TESTING 9

Generation of eddy currents – effect of created fields – effect of impedance on instrumentation –

properties of eddy currents – eddy current sensing elements – probes – types of arrangement –

applications, advantages and limitations – factors affecting sensing elements and coil impedance –

Inspection of tubes, cylinders, steelbars – Interpretation and evaluation

UNIT IV: RADIOGRAPHYIC INSPECTION 9

X-ray radiography – principle – equipment and production of X-rays – absorption – scattering – X-

ray film processing – industrial radiographic practice – micro-radiography – Gamma ray

radiography – radioactivity – gamma ray sources – film radiography – applications and limitations –

defects in welding

38

UNIT V: ULTRASONIC INSPECTION 9

Principle of wave propagation – Attenuation of ultrasonic waves - methods of ultrasonic wave

generation - ultrasonic inspection methods – pulse echo – A,B,C scans transmission – evaluation of

base material pipe and tubular products – weld geometry - root inspection – ultrasonic imaging -

variables affecting ultrasound results

REFERENCES:

1. P.E. Mix, Introduction to non-destructive testing, 2nd

Ed., John Wiley & sons, New Jersey

(2005).

2. American Metals Society, Non-Destructive Examination and Quality Control, Metals Hand

Book, Vol.17, 9th Ed, Metals Park, OH (1989).

3. Baldev raj, T. Jayakumar, M. Thavasimuthu, Practical non destructive testing,2nd

Ed.,

Woodhead publishing ltd., England (2002).

4. Krautkramer, Josef and Hebert Krautkramer, Ultrasonic Testing of Materials, 3rd Ed,

Newyork, Springer- verlag, 1983.


PHY0611 SOLAR PHYOTOVOLATIC TECHNOLOGY 3 0 0 3

Course objectives:

To learn the fundamentals, design and application of solar photovoltaic systems for power

generation for rural and urban electrification. This course is aimed to understand

The basics of photovoltaics

The construction of PV cell

Physics of photovoltaics

Optimisation of energy conversion efficiency

Advantages of solar technology as an alternate energy resource

Course outcomes: Upon successful completion of the course the students will be able to understand and apply

The principle of direct solar energy conversion to power using PV technology.

The structure, materials and operation of solar cells, PV modules, and arrays.

The socio-economic and environmental merits of photovoltaic systems for a variety of

applications.

The prospects of photovoltaic technology for sustainable power generation.

UNIT I: PHYOTOVOLTAICS 9

Photovoltaic effect - principle of direct solar energy conversion into electricity in a solar cell –Solar

spectrum – effect of atmosphere on sunlight – measuring sunlight – capturing sunlight – PV cell –

PV module – PV array – Energy storage – lead acid storage battery – nickel cadmium storage

battery – other battery systems – hydrogen storage – fuel cell – other storage options

UNIT II: PHYYSICS OF PHYOTOVOLTAICS 9

Optical absorption – semiconductor materials – photoconductors – Extrinsic semiconductors and pn

junction – maximizing PV cell performance – minimizing the reverse saturation current –

optimizing photocurrent – minimizing cell resistance losses – exotic junctions – graded junctions –

heterojunctions – schottky junctions – multijunctions – tunnel junctions

39

UNIT III: PV CELLS 9

Silicon PV cells – single crystal silicon cells – multicrystalline silicon cells – buried contact silicon

cells – other thin silicon cells – amorphous silicon cells – Gallium arsenide cells – Copper Indium

diselenide cells – Cadmium telluride cells – production of pure cell components – fabrication of

components – cell performance – emerging technologies

UNIT IV: CONVERSION EFFICIENCY 9

Impact of contact performance and design parameters on coversion efficiency – intensity

enhancement in textured optical sheets – nanoparticle plasmons – laser based processing – 3D

nanotechnology based cells – solar concentrators – impact of base thickness of solar cell and

sunlight concentration ratio –bifacial solar modules – V- shaped solar cells – Tandem junction cell

UNITV: SOLAR AS ALTERNATE ENERGY 9

Altenate energy sources - installation costs – power generating capacities – use of solar cells to

generate electricity – estimation of greenhouse gas contents in various energy resources –

installation and reliability requirements of PV cells – operating life of solar cells and panels –

performance degradation of solar cells, panels and invertors – Production cost and coversion

efficiency for various solar cells - Pay back period

REFERENCES:

1. Messenger R.A., Ventre J. Photovoltaic Systems Engineering, 3rd ed., CRC Press (2010).

2. Jha A.R. Solar Cell Technology and Applications, CRC Press (20100.

3. Petrova-Koch V. et al. Highly-Efficient Low-Cost Photovoltaics, Springer (2009).

4. Partain L.D., Fraas L.M. Solar Cells and Their Applications, 2nd ed., Wiley (2010).

5. Luque A.L., ed. Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Wiley (2003).


PHY0612 MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY 3 0 0 3

Course objectives:

Advancement in technology is dictated by the choice of the materials available for applications.

This course is intended to understand

The elastic and behavior of different materials

The fracture behavior and failure analysis

The phase diagrams and determination

The cooling curves and equilibrium diagrams

The different metallic and non-metallic alloys

Course outcome:

This course will enable the students to know more about

Different materials with their properties,

Various production techniques and applications,

Fracture analysis for different metals,

Strengthening mechanisms and

Applications of metallic and non metallic materials

UNIT I: ELASTIC AND PLASTIC BEHAVIOUR 9

Elasticity in metals and polymers – Mechanism of plastic deformation – Role of yield stress, shear

strength of perfect and real crystals – Strengthening mechanisms, work hardening - Solid

solutioning, grain boundary strengthening, particle, fibre and dispersion strengthening - Effect of

40

temperature, strain and strain rate on plastic behaviour – Super plasticity – Deformation of non-

crystalline material.

UNIT II: FRACTURE BEHAVIOUR 9

Griffith‟s theory, stress intensity factor and fracture toughness – Ductile to brittle transition – High

temperature fracture, creep – Deformation mechanism maps – Fatigue, Low and high cycle fatigue

test crack initiation and propagation mechanisms - Fracture of Non-metallic materials – Failure

analysis, Sources of failure, procedure of failure analysis.

UNIT III: PHYASE DIAGRAMS 9

Introduction - Solid solutions - Intermediate phases – Phase rules – Free energy in intermediate

phases – Phase diagrams – Phase changes in alloys – Determination of phase diagrams - Ternary

phase diagrams – Cooling curves – Equilibrium diagrams of Iron and Iron –Carbide diagram –

Definition of structures.

UNIT IV: MODERN METALLIC MATERIALS 9

Dual phase alloys - Micro alloyed steels, High Strength Low alloy (HSLA) steel - Transformation

induced plasticity (TRIP) steel, Maraging steel – Intermettalics, Ni and Ti aluminides – Smart

materials - Shape memory alloys – Metallic glasses – Quasi crystals and nano crystalline materials.

UNIT V: NON METALLIC MATERIALS 9

Polymeric materials – Formation of polymer structure – Production techniques of fibre, foams,

adhesives and coating – structure and properties and applications of engineering polymers –

Advanced structure ceramics, WC, TIC, Al2O3, O2, SiC, Si2N4, CBN and Diamond – Properties,

processing and applications. Composite materials: Types, production techniques, structure,

properties and applications.

REFERENCES:

1. Dieter, G. E., Mechanical Metallurgy, McGraw Hill, Singapore (2001).

2. Thomas H. Courtney, Mechanical Behaviour of Engineering materials, McGraw Hill,

Singapore (2000).

3. Flinn, R. A. and Trojan, P. K., Engineering Materials and their applications, Jaico,

Bombay (1989).

4. Budinski K.G. and Budinski, M. K., Engineering Materials Properties and selection,

Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi (2004).


PHY0613 THIN FILM TECHNOLOGY 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To teach the fundamentals of the scientific principles behind thin-film technology.

To give an emphasis to the student to know the various characterization techniques of thin

films.

To give clear understanding of various fabrication techniques of thin films.

To know the proper use of equipment and experimentation procedures related to thin film

fabrication.

Course Outcome: At the end of this course, students will be able to

Understand various techniques to grow thin films.

Study the mechanical and electrical properties of thin films.

Apply the concept of thin films in the fabrication of various electronic devices.

41

UNIT I: PREPARATION METHODS 9

Electrolytic deposition, cathodic and anodic films, thermal evaporation, cathodic sputtering,

chemical vapour deposition. Molecular beam epitaxial and laser ablution methods.

UNIT II: THICKNESS MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING 9

Electrical, mechanical, optical interference, microbalance, quartz crystal methods.

Analytical techniques of characterization: X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, high and low

energy electron diffraction, Auger emission spectroscopy. Photoluminescence(PL) – Raman

Spectroscopy, UV-Vis-IR Spectrophotometer – AFM – Hall effect – SIMS – X-ray Photoemission

Spectroscopy (XPS) – Vibrational Sample Magnetometers, Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS).

UNIT III: THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS OF THIN FILM FORMATION 9 Film growth – five stages – Nucleation theories – Incorporation of defects and impurities in films –

Deposition parameters and grain size – structure of thin films.

UNIT IV: MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF FILMS 9

Mechanical Properties: Elastic and plastic behavior – Optical properties – Reflectance and

transmittance spectra – Absorbing films – Optical constants of film material – Multilayer films.

Anisotropic and gyrotropic films.

Electric properties to films: Conductivity in metal, semiconductor and insulating films.

Discontinuous films, Superconducting films, Dielectric properties.

UNIT V: APPLICATIONS 9 Micro and optoelectronic devices, quantum dots, Data storage, corrosion and wear coatings –

Polymer films, MEMS, optical applications –Applications in electronics–electric contacts,

connections and resistors, capacitors and inductances – Applications of ferromagnetic and

superconducting films – active electronic elements, micro acoustic elements using surface waves–

integrated circuits–thin films in optoelectronics and integrated optics.

REFERENCES:

1. M.Ohring, „The Materials Science of Thin Films‟, Academic Press, 2nd

edition(2001).

2. Zexian Cao, „Thin film growth - Physics, materials science and applications‟, Woodhead .

3. Publishing Limited, (2011).

4. H.Bubert and H.Jenett, „Surface and Thin Film Analysis – Principles, Instrumentations,

Applications‟, Wiley – VCH Verlag GmbH (2002).

5. Krishna Seshan, „Handbook of Thin-Film Deposition Processes and Techniques‟, Noyes

Publications & William Andrew Publishing, 2nd edition(2002).


PHY0614 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To introduce to the overview of satellite systems in relation to other terrestrial

systems.

To know the satellite orbits and launching techniques.

To understand the earth segment and space segment components

To understand the satellite access by various users.

http://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/35377-EC-SATELLITE-COMMUNICATION-Syllabus-Anna.aspx




42

Course Outcome:


Know the basic working principle of satellites.

Know various aspects of satellite subsystem, launching methods, and on-board

processing.

Detail understanding of the earth segment and space segment components

UNIT I: OVERVIEW OF SATELLITE SYSTEMS, ORBITS AND LAUNCHING

METHODS 9

Introduction – Frequency Allocations for Satellite Services – Intelsat – U.S.Domsats – Polar

Orbiting Satellites – Problems – Kepler‟s First Law – Kepler‟s Second Law – Kepler‟s Third

Law – Definitions of Terms for Earth-orbiting Satellites – Orbital Elements – Apogee and

Perigee Heights – Orbital Perturbations – Effects of a Nonspherical Earth – Atmospheric

Drag – Inclined Orbits – Calendars – Universal Time – Julian Dates – Sidereal Time – The

Orbital Plane – The Geocentric-Equatorial Coordinate System – Earth Station Referred to the

IJK Frame – The Topcentric-Horizon Co-ordinate System – The Sub-satellite Point –

Predicting Satellite Position.

UNIT II: GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT & SPACE SEGMENT 9

Introduction – Antenna Look Angels – The Polar Mount Antenna – Limits of Visibility –

Near Geostationary Orbits – Earth Eclipse of Satellite – Sun Transit Outage – Launching

Orbits – Problems – Power Supply – Attitude Control – Spinning Satellite Stabilization –

Momentum Wheel Stabilization – Station Keeping – Thermal Control – TT&C Subsystem –

Transponders – Wideband Receiver – Input Demultiplexer – Power Amplifier – Antenna

Subsystem – Morelos – Anik-E – Advanced Tiros-N Spacecraft

UNIT III: EARTH SEGMENT & SPACE LINK 9

Introduction – Receive-Only Home TV Systems – Outdoor Unit – Indoor Unit for Analog

(FM) TV – Master Antenna TV System – Community Antenna TV System – Transmit-

Receive Earth Stations – Problems – Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power – Transmission

Losses – Free-Space Transmission – Feeder Losses – Antenna Misalignment Losses – Fixed

Atmospheric and Ionospheric Losses – Link Power Budget Equation – System Noise –

Antenna Noise – Amplifier Noise Temperature – Amplifiers in Cascade – Noise Factor –

Noise Temperature of Absorptive Networks – Overall System Noise Temperature – Carrier-

to-Noise Ratio – Uplink – Saturation Flux Density – Input Back Off – The Earth Station HPA

– Downlink – Output Back off – Satellite TWTA Output – Effects of Rain – Uplink rain-fade

margin – Downlink rain-fade margin – Combined Uplink and Downlink C/N Ratio –

Intermodulation Noise.

UNIT IV: SATELLITE ACCESS 9 Single Access – Preassigned FDMA, Demand-Assigned FDMA, SPADE System. Bandwidth-

limited a Power-limited TWT amplifier operation, FDMA downlink analysis. TDMA : Reference

Burst; Preamble and Postamble, Carrier recovery, Network synchronization, unique word detection,

Traffic Date, Frame Efficiency and Channel capacity, preassigned TDMA, Demand assigned

TDMA, Speech Interpolation and Prediction, Downlink analysis for Digital transmission. Code-

Division Multiple Access – Direct-Sequence spread spectrum – code signal c(t) – autocorrelation






43

function for c(t) – Acquisition and trackling – Spectrum spreading and dispreading – CDMA

throughput – Problems – Network Layers

UNIT V: DIRECT BROADCAST SATELLITE SERVICES 9 Introduction – Orbital Spacings – Power Rating and Number of Transponders – Frequencies and

Polarization – Transponder Capacity – Bit Rates for Digital Television – MPEG Compression

Standards – Forward Error Correction – Home Receiver Outdoor Unit (ODU) – Home Receiver

Indoor Unit (IDU) – Downlink Analysis – Uplink -Problems - Satellite Mobile Services – VSATs –

Radarsat – Global Positioning Satellite System – Orbcomm.

REFERENCES:

1. Dennis Roddy, Satellite Communications, McGraw-Hill Publication Third edition

2001

2. Timothy Pratt – Charles Bostian & Jeremy Allmuti, Satellite Communications, John

Willy & Sons (Asia) Pvt. Ltd. 2004

3. Wilbur L. Pritchars Henri G.Suyder Hond Robert A.Nelson, Satellite Communication

Systems Engineering, Pearson Education Ltd., Second edition 2003.

4. M.Richharia, Satellite Communication Systems (Design Principles), Macmillan Press Ltd.

Second Edition 2003.


PHY0615 OPTICAL FIBRE COMMUNICATIONS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives

To study the optical transmitters and receivers

To study the design techniques for fiber optic guides

To study the concepts of amplifiers and dispersion

Course Outcomes


Understand the basic knowledge about the system components and optical fibers

Understand the concepts of light wave systems

Develop the LED‟s structure and ssemiconductor lasers

Understand the receiver amplifier design.

UNIT I: FIBER OPTIC GUIDES 9

Light wave generation systems, system components, optical fibers, SI, GI fibers, modes, Dispersion

in fibers,limitations due to dispersion, Fiber loss, non linear effects, Dispersion shifted and

Dispersion flattened fibers.

UNIT II : OPTICAL TRANSMITTERS AND RECEIVERS 9

Basic concepts, LED's structures spectral distribution, semiconductor lasers, gain coefficients,

modes, SLM and STM operation, Transmitter design, Reciever PIN and APD diodes design, noise

sensititvity and degradation, Receiver amplifier design.

UNIT III : LIGHT WAVE SYSTEM 9

Coherent, homodyne and heterodyne keying formats, BER in synchronous- and asynchronous-

receivers, sensititvity and degradation,system performance, Multichannel, WDM, multiple access

networks, WDMcomponents, TDM, Subcarrier and Code division multiplexing.


44

UNIT IV: AMPLIFIERS 9

Basic concepts, Semiconductor laser amplifiers, Raman - and Brillouin - fiber amplifiers, Erbium

doped – fiber amplifiers, pumping phenomenon, LAN and cascaded in-line amplifiers.

UNIT V: DISPERSION COMPENSATION 9

Limitations, Post-and Pre-compensation techniques, Equalizing filters, fiber based gratings, Broad

band compersation, soliton communication system, fiber soliton, Soliton based communication

system design, High capacity and WDM soliton system.

REFERENCES:

1. G.Keiser, " Optical fiber communication Systems”, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2000.

2. Franz & Jain, " Optical comunication Systems and components”, Narosa Publications, New

Delhi, 2000.

3. G.P. Agarwal, " Fiber optic communication systems ", 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons,

New York, 1997.

4. Franz and Jain, " Optical communication system ", Narosa Publications, New Delhi, 1995.


PHY0616 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives

To study of DFT and its computation

• To study the design techniques for digital filters

• To study the finite word length effects in signal processing

Course Outcome :


Understand the basic knowledge about the concepts of discrete time signals and systems

Understand the mathematical analysis of FIR and IIR filters

Develop the architecture of digital signal processor and its fundamentals

Acquire knowledge about the finite word length effects in digital filters

UNIT I: REVIEW OF DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 9

Overview of signals and systems- DFT-FFT using DIT and DIF algorithms - Realization of

structures for discrete time systems – Direct form I & II, Cascade, Parallel forms – MATLAB

programs for DFT and FFT.

UNIT II: INFINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE DIGITAL FILTERS 9 Review of design of analogue Butterworth and Chebyshev Filters, Frequency transformation in

analogue domain – Design of IIR digital filters using impulse invariance technique – Design of

digital filters using bilinear transform – pre warping – Frequency transformation in digital domain –

Realization using direct, cascade and parallel forms.

UNIT III : FINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE DIGITAL FILTERS 9 Symmetric and Antisymmetric FIR filters – Linear phase FIR filters – Design using Frequency

sampling technique – Window design using Hamming, Hanning and Blackmann Windows –

Concept of optimum equiripple approximation – Realisation of FIR filters – Transversal, Linear

phase and Polyphase realization structures.

UNIT IV : FINITE WORD LENGTH EFFECTS 9 Quantization noise – derivation for quantization noise power – Fixed point and binary floating point

number representations – Comparison – Overflow error – truncation error – coefficient quantization

error – limit cycle oscillations- signal scaling – analytical model of sample and hold operations.

http://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/35421-EC-DIGITAL-SIGNAL-PROCESSING-Syllabus-Anna.aspx

http://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/35421-EC-DIGITAL-SIGNAL-PROCESSING-Syllabus-Anna.aspx

45

UNIT V :PROCESSOR FUNDAMENTALS 9 Architecture and features: Features of DSP processors – DSP processor packaging(Embodiments) –

Fixed point Vs floating point DSP processor data paths – Memory architecture of a DSP processor

(Von Neumann – Harvard) – Addressing modes – pipelining – TMS320 family of DSPs

(architecture of C5x).

REFERENCES:

1. John G. Proakis and Dimitris G.Manolakis, „Digital Signal Processing, Algorithms and

Applications‟, PHYI of India Ltd., New Delhi, 3rd Edition, 2000.

2. Sanjit Mitra, “Digital Signal Processing “– A Computer based approach”, Tata Mcgraw Hill,

New Delhi, 2001

3. B.Venkataramani, M.Bhaskar, “Digital Signal Processors, Architecture, Programming and

Application“, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2003.

4. M.H.Hayes, “Digital Signal Processing”, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2003.

Course Code Course Title L T P C

PHY0617 CRYOGENICS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives

To introduce the basic theory concerning the low temperature properties of liquid and solid

matter.

To acquire knowledge to liquefy gases by various techniques.

To identify the difficulty in the refrigeration and solve the problem.

To improve skills to handle low temperature equipments.

Course Outcomes

At the end of this course, student will be able to

Learn the basics of the cryogenics science and technology

Understand the low temperature generation techniques

Acquire knowledge on cryogenic engineering aspects.

UNIT I: PROPERTIES OF CRYOLIQUIDS 9

Liquid air, liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen – Liquid Hydrogen. Liquid Helium – Latent heat of

evaporation and vapor pressure – specific heat – transport properties of Liquid 4He: Thermal

conductivity and Viscosity – Superfluid film flow.

UNIT II: GAS LIQUEFACTION, STORAGE AND TRANSFER 9

Isentropic cooling – Isenthalpic cooling – Air Liquefiers – Hydrogen Liquefiers – Helium

Liquefiers – Gas Purification and compression. Dewar vessels – Transfer Siphons – Liquid level

indicators and depth gauges – Liquid level controllers.

UNIT III : 3HE-

4HE DILUTION REFRIGERATOR 9

Properties of Liquid 3He-

4He mixtures: Phase diagram and solubility -

3He-

4He mixtures as Fermi

Liquids – Finite solubility of 3He in

4He – Cooling power of Dilution process – Osmotic pressure.

Realization of 3He-

4He Dilution Refrigerator – Properties of main components of a

3He-

4He

Dilution Refrigerator: Mixing chamber – Still – Heat exchanger.

UNIT IV: ADIABATIC DEMAGNETIZATION 9

The principle of magnetic refrigeration – Thermodynamics of magnetic refrigeration - Paramagnetic

salt and magnetic refrigerators – Temperature measurement – Heat transfer and thermal equilibrium

below 1 K – Two stage cooling, cyclic magnetic refrigeration and nuclear demagnetization.

46

UNIT V: SOLID MATTER AT LOW TEMPERATURES 9

Specific heat of insulators, metals, superconducting metals – Magnetic specific heat – Calorimetry.

Thermal expansion of solids – Dilatometers. Thermal conductivity – Lattice thermal conductivity –

Electronic thermal conductivity – Thermal conductivity at low temperatures – Wiedemann – Franz

law – Influence of impurities on conductivity – Measurement of Thermal conductivity. Magnetic

susceptibility – Measurement of Magnetic susceptibility (SQUID and VSM).

REFERENCES:

1. Frank Pobell, “Matter and Methods at Low Temperature”, Springer – Verlag Berlin

Heidelberg 2007

2. Guy. K.White and Philip J. Meeson, “Experimental techniques in low temperature physics”,

Fourth Edition, Clayrendon Press, Oxford 2002

3. Klaus D. Timmerhaus and Thomas M. Flynn, “Cryogenic Process Engineering”

Plenum Press, New York,1989.

Course Objectives :

To introduce students the fundamental physics of different subjects at a theoretically

sophisticated level


To prepare students for GATE-Physics and CSIR-UGC exams.

To prepare students for a research career in physics

Course Outcome:

Utilize conceptual knowledge and problem-solving skills in a variety of situations.

Apply core Physics principles to solve problems in competitive exams

Apply knowledge of physics at a research level

UNIT I: MATHEMATICAL PHYYSICS 9

Dimensional analysis. Vector algebra and vector calculus. Linear algebra, matrices, Cayley-

Hamilton Theorem. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Linear ordinary differential equations of first &

second order, Fourier series, Fourier and Laplace transforms. Elements of complex analysis,

analytic functions; Taylor & Laurent series; poles, residues and evaluation of integrals, elementary

ideas about tensors.

Classical Mechanics: Newton‟s laws. Dynamical systems, Phase space dynamics, stability

analysis. Central force motions. Kepler problem and planetary motion, Two body Collisions -

scattering in laboratory and Centre of mass frames. Rigid body dynamics- moment of inertia tensor.

Non-inertial frames and pseudoforces. Variational principle. Generalized coordinates. Lagrangian

and Hamiltonian formalism and equations of motion. Conservation laws and cyclic coordinates.

Periodic motion: small oscillations, normal modes, Poisson brackets and canonical transformations.

Special theory of relativity- Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and mass–energy

equivalence.

UNIT II: ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY 9

Electrostatics: Gauss‟s law and its applications, Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value

problems. Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere's theorem. Electromagnetic induction.

Maxwell's equations in free space and linear isotropic media; boundary conditions on the fields at


PHY0511 CAREER DEVELOPEMENT PROGRAMME – I 2 2 0 3

47

interfaces. Scalar and vector potentials, gauge invariance. Electromagnetic waves in free space.

Poynting vector, Poynting theorem, energy and momentum of electromagnetic waves; Dielectrics

and conductors. Reflection and refraction, polarization, Fresnel‟s law, interference, coherence, and

diffraction, Radiation- from moving charges and dipoles and retarded potentials.

Quantum Mechanics: Wave-particle duality. Schrödinger equation (time-dependent and time-

independent). Eigenvalue problems (particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, etc.). Tunneling through

a barrier. Wave-function in coordinate and momentum representations. Commutators and

Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Dirac notation for state vectors. Motion in a central potential:

orbital angular momentum, angular momentum algebra, spin, addition of angular momenta;

Hydrogen atom. Time-independent perturbation theory and applications., Elementary theory of

scattering.

UNIT III: THERMODYNAMIC AND STATISTICAL PHYYSICS 9

Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences. Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations,

chemical potential, phase equilibria. Phase space, micro- and macro-states. Micro-canonical,

canonical and grand-canonical ensembles and partition functions. Free energy and its connection

with thermodynamic quantities. Classical and quantum statistics. Ideal Bose and Fermi gases.

Principle of detailed balance. Blackbody radiation and Planck's distribution law. First- and second-

order phase transitions. Bose-Einstein condensation.

Atomic & Molecular Physics: Quantum states of an electron in an atom. Electron spin. Spectrum

of helium and alkali atom. Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen atom, hyperfine

structure and isotopic shift, width of spectrum lines, LS & JJ couplings. Zeeman, Paschen-Bach &

Stark effects. Electron spin resonance. Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift. Frank-Condon

principle. Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Electronic, rotational, vibrational and Raman spectra

of diatomic molecules, selection rules. Lasers: spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A &

B coefficients. Optical pumping, population inversion, rate equation. Modes of resonators and

coherence length.

UNIT IV: SOLID STATE PHYYSICS 9

Bravais lattices. Reciprocal lattice. Diffraction and the structure factor. Bonding of solids. Elastic

properties, phonons, lattice specific heat. Free electron theory and electronic specific heat. Response

and relaxation phenomena. Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity. Hall effect and

thermoelectric power. Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of solids: metals,

insulators and semiconductors. Superconductivity: type-I and type-II superconductors. Josephson

junctions. Superfluidity. Defects and dislocations. Ordered phases of matter: translational and

orientational order, kinds of liquid crystalline order. Quasi crystals.

Nuclear and Particle Physics Basic nuclear properties: size, shape and charge distribution, spin

and parity. Binding energy, semi-empirical mass formula, liquid drop model. Nature of the nuclear

force, form of nucleon-nucleon potential, charge-independence and charge-symmetry of nuclear

forces. Deuteron problem. Evidence of shell structure, single-particle shell model, its validity and

limitations. Rotational spectra. Elementary ideas of alpha, beta and gamma decays and their

selection rules. Fission and fusion. Nuclear reactions, reaction mechanism, compound nuclei and

direct reactions. Classification of fundamental forces. Elementary particles and their quantum

numbers (charge, spin, parity, isospin, strangeness, etc.). Quark model, baryons and mesons.

UNIT V: ELECTRONICS 9

Network analysis; semiconductor devices; Bipolar Junction Transistors, Field Effect Transistors,

amplifier and oscillator circuits; operational amplifier, negative feedback circuits , active filters and

oscillators; rectifier circuits, regulated power supplies; basic digital logic circuits, sequential

circuits, flip-flops, counters, registers, A/D and D/A conversion.

48

REFERENCES:

1. Vimal Mehta, Navneet Dabra, and Deepshikha Metha, The Pearson Guide to PHYYSICS for

the UGC-CSIR National Eligibility Test, Perason, First Impression 2008.

2. Surekha Tomar, Gate Physics, Upkar Prakashan, First Edition 2000.

3. Murray R. Spiegel, Schaum‟s Outline of Advanced Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists,

McGraw Hill, First Edition 2009.

4. Joseph A. Edminister & Mahmood Nahvi-Dekhordi, Schaum‟s Outline of Electromagnetics,

McGraw Hill, Third Edition 2011.

5. Yoav Peleg, Reuven Pnini, Elyahu Zaarur, and Eugene Hecht, Schaum‟s Outline of Quantum

Mechanics, McGraw Hill, Second Edition 2010.

SEMESTER IV


PHY0512 CAREER DEVELOPEMENT PROGRAMME – II 2 2 0 3

Course Objectives :

To introduce students the fundamental physics of different subjects at a theoretically

sophisticated level


To prepare students for the CSIR-UGC and GATE-Physics exams.

To prepare students for a research career in physics

Course Outcome :

Utilize conceptual knowledge and problem-solving skills in a variety of situations.

Apply core Physics principles to solve problems in competitive exams

Apply knowledge of physics at a research level

UNIT I: MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF PHYYSICS

9

Special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre and Legendre functions). Elementary probability

theory, random variables, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions. Central limit theorem.

Green‟s function. Partial differential equations (Laplace, wave and heat equations in two and three

dimensions). Elements of computational techniques: root of functions, interpolation, extrapolation,

integration by trapezoid and Simpson‟s rule, Solution of first order differential equation using

Runge-Kutta method. Finite difference methods. Introductory group theory: SU(2), O(3).

Classical Mechanics: Dynamical systems, Phase space dynamics, stability analysis. Symmetry

invariance and Noether‟s theorem. Hamilton-Jacobi theory.

UNIT II: ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY 9

Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform electromagnetic fields. Dispersion relations in

plasma. Lorentz invariance of Maxwell‟s equation. Transmission lines and wave guides.

Quantum Mechanics

Variational method. Time dependent perturbation theory and Fermi's golden rule, selection rules.

Identical particles, Pauli exclusion principle, spin-statistics connection. Spin-orbit coupling, fine

49

structure. WKB approximation. Elementary theory of scattering: phase shifts, partial waves, Born

approximation. Relativistic quantum mechanics: Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations. Semi-classical

theory of radiation.

UNIT III:THERMODYNAMIC AND STATISTICAL PHYYSICS 9

Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism. Ising model. Bose-Einstein condensation.

Diffusion equation. Random walk and Brownian motion. Introduction to nonequilibrium processes.

Solid State Physics: Superconductivity: type-I and type-II superconductors. Josephson junctions.

Superfluidity. Defects and dislocations. Ordered phases of matter: translational and orientational

order, kinds of liquid crystalline order. Quasi crystals.

UNIT IV : PARTICLE PHYYSICS

9

Elementary particles and their quantum numbers (charge, spin, parity, isospin, strangeness, etc.).

Gellmann-Nishijima formula. Quark model, baryons and mesons. C, P, and T invariance.

Application of symmetry arguments to particle reactions. Parity non-conservation in weak

interaction. Relativistic kinematics.

UNIT V: ELECTRONICS AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS-I 9

Semiconductor devices (diodes, junctions, transistors, field effect devices, homo- and hetero-

junction devices), device structure, device characteristics, frequency dependence and applications.

Opto-electronic devices (solar cells, photo-detectors, LEDs). Operational amplifiers and their

applications. Digital techniques and applications (registers, counters, comparators and similar

circuits). A/D and D/A converters. Microprocessor and microcontroller basics.

Electronics and Experimental Methods-II

Data interpretation and analysis. Precision and accuracy. Error analysis, propagation of errors. Least

squares fitting, Linear and nonlinear curve fitting, chi-square test. Transducers (temperature,

pressure/vacuum, magnetic fields, vibration, optical, and particle detectors). Measurement and

control. Signal conditioning and recovery. Impedance matching, amplification (Op-amp based,

instrumentation amp, feedback), filtering and noise reduction, shielding and grounding. Fourier

transforms, lock-in detector, box-car integrator, modulation techniques.

REFERENCES:

1. Vimal Mehta, Navneet Dabra, and Deepshikha Metha, The Pearson Guide to PHYYSICS for

the UGC-CSIR National Eligibility Test, Perason, First Impression 2008.

2. Surekha Tomar, Gate Physics, Upkar Prakashan, First Edition 2000.

3. Murray R. Spiegel, Schaum‟s Outline of Advanced Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists,

McGraw Hill, First Edition 2009.

4. Joseph A. Edminister & Mahmood Nahvi-Dekhordi, Schaum‟s Outline of Electromagnetics,

McGraw Hill, Third Edition 2011.


PHY0502 PROJECT WORK 0 0 12 6

Date post:	24-Jun-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	phamnhu
View:	220 times
Download:	0 times

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS - SRM Institute of Science … 0503 Nuclear & Particle Physics 4 - ......

Documents