Hoping that we are getting enough light on DEPRECIATION …

We have understood enough

about ACCOUNTING FOR DEPRECIATION

We have understood enough

about ACCOUNTING FOR DEPRECIATION

And, now we go for

some more

INTERESTING thing

about depreciation…

…provide for

proportional amount of

depreciation.

What should be amount of depreciation on an asset acquired during

the year?

What should be amount of depreciation on an asset acquired during

the year?

Revising Depreciation EstimatesRevising Depreciation EstimatesRevising Depreciation EstimatesRevising Depreciation Estimates

A machine purchased for Rs.130,000 was originally estimated to have a useful

life of 30 years and a residual value of Rs.10,000.

The asset has been depreciated for ten years using the straight-

line method.

A machine purchased for Rs.130,000 was originally estimated to have a useful

life of 30 years and a residual value of Rs.10,000.

The asset has been depreciated for ten years using the straight-

line method.

Annual Depreciation

Rs.130,000 – Rs.10,000

30 years

= Rs.4,000 per year

Equipment

130,000

Accumulated Depreciation

4,0004,0004,0004,0004,0004,0004,0004,0004,000

4,00040,000Before revisingBefore revisingBefore revisingBefore revising

Book value = Rs.90,000

Revising Depreciation EstimatesRevising Depreciation EstimatesRevising Depreciation EstimatesRevising Depreciation Estimates

During the eleventh year, it is estimated that the remaining useful life is 25 years (rather than 20) and that the revised estimated residual value is Rs.5,000.

Book value – revised residual value

Revised estimated remaining life

Revising Depreciation EstimatesRevising Depreciation EstimatesRevising Depreciation EstimatesRevising Depreciation Estimates

Rs.90,000 – Rs.5,000

25 years

Rs.3,400 revised annual depreciation=

When can a company change the method of Depreciation ?• A change from one method of providing depreciation to another is made

only

1. If the adoption of the new method is required by statute; or

2. For compliance with an accounting standard; or

3. If it is considered that the change would result in a more appropriate preparation or presentation of the financial statements of the enterprise.

How to account for the impact of change in the method of

depreciation?•When a change in the method of depreciation is made, depreciation is recalculated in accordance with the new method from the date of the asset coming into use. •The deficiency or surplus arising from retrospective recomputation of depreciation in accordance with the new method is adjusted in the accounts in the year in which the method of depreciation is changed. •In case the change in the method results in deficiency in depreciation in respect of past years, the deficiency is charged in the statement of profit and loss. •In case the change in the method results in surplus, the surplus is credited to the statement of profit and loss. Such a change is treated as a change in accounting policy and its effect is quantified and disclosed.

Changing Depreciation MethodChanging Depreciation MethodChanging Depreciation MethodChanging Depreciation Method

A machine purchased for Rs.130,000 was originally estimated to have a useful

life of 30 years and a residual value of Rs.10,000.

The asset has been depreciated for ten years using the straight-

line method.

A machine purchased for Rs.130,000 was originally estimated to have a useful

life of 30 years and a residual value of Rs.10,000.

The asset has been depreciated for ten years using the straight-

line method.

Annual Depreciation

Rs.130,000 – Rs.10,000

30 years

= Rs.4,000 per year

Equipment

130,000

Accumulated Depreciation

4,0004,0004,0004,0004,0004,0004,0004,0004,000

4,00040,000Before ChangeBefore ChangeBefore ChangeBefore Change

Book value = Rs.90,000

Changing Depreciation MethodChanging Depreciation MethodChanging Depreciation MethodChanging Depreciation Method

Now, suppose it is decide that…

• … the method of depreciation will be

Written Down Value Method instead of

Straight Line Method .

Equipment

130,000

Accumulated Depreciation

10653978089798243756769476378585553754935

74712After ChangeAfter ChangeAfter ChangeAfter Change

Book value = Rs.55,288

Changing Depreciation MethodChanging Depreciation MethodChanging Depreciation MethodChanging Depreciation Method

Extra Amount of Depreciation to be provided for due to change in Depreciation Method ……………………..

Changing Depreciation MethodChanging Depreciation MethodChanging Depreciation MethodChanging Depreciation Method

Rs. 55,288 – Rs.40,000 Rs.15,288=

What will be What will be the entry?the entry?

What will be What will be the entry?the entry?

Instead of depreciating an asset, can I appreciate an asset?

Instead of depreciating an asset, can I appreciate an asset?

Revaluation of Assets …?Revaluation of Assets …?Revaluation of Assets …?Revaluation of Assets …?

Upward revaluation of an asset is allowed!!!!

• A firm may be allowed to APPRECIATEAPPRECIATE an asset.

• When an asset is revalued, then the company has to create a Revaluation Reserve Account by an amount with which the value of the asset has been increased.

• What will be the accounting entry for it?

Depreciation on the Revalued Asset…

• Revalued Amount of the asset less the

new estimated residual value of the

asset will be written off over the

remaining useful life of the asset.

What you can not docan not do with Revaluation Reserves?

Revaluation Reserve can not be used for the following:

• Declaring Dividend.

• Declaring Bonus Shares

What we can do with

Revaluation Reserve?

What you can docan do with Revaluation Reserves?

Revaluation Reserves can be used for the following:

• Incremental Depreciation on upward revaluation.

• Decrease on subsequent downward revaluation of previously.

• Loss on the disposal of an upward revalued asset.

PRESENTATION AND REPORTING

ABOUT DEPRECIATION IN FINANCIAL

STATEMENTS

…As per Indian Accounting Standards – AS 6

Which Method of Depreciation to be used……?

• The most commonly methods are -

1. Straight Line Method (SLM);

2. Written Down Value Method (WDVM).

• One may choose a particular method or a combination of methods having regard to factors such as –

– Legal Requirements such the Companies Act, 1956.

– Type of Assets;

– Nature and use of such an asset;

– Circumstances prevailing in the business.

Which rate of Depreciation?

• For Tax Depreciation, one should use the rate as prescribed by the Income Tax Act.

• The rates of depreciation provided by the Companies Act or any rate higher than those may be adopted by a company for depreciation purposes.

Presentation in Balance Sheet…

Application of Funds

Gross BlockLess: Depreciation

Net Block

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

BALANCE SHEET AS AT …

Disclosures…….• The depreciable amount of a depreciable asset should be allocated on a

systematic basis to each accounting period during the useful life of the asset.

• The following information should be disclosed in the financial statements:i. the historical cost or other amount substituted for

historical cost of each class of depreciable assets;ii. total depreciation for the period for each class of

assets; iii. the related accumulated depreciation.iv. depreciation methods used; and any change thereof,

along with their effects if material;v. depreciation rates or the useful lives of the assets, if

they are different from the principal rates specified in the statute governing the enterprise.

vi. Where depreciable assets are disposed of, discarded, demolished or destroyed, the net surplus or deficiency, if material, is disclosed separately.

Disclosures by Indian Companies

in their Financial Statements……

Disclosure in Balance sheet

Disclosure in Balance sheet

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS –

AS, US GAAP, IAS/IFRS

Methods of Depreciation…

• AS, US GAAP and IAS ---- all are allowing companies to use any method of depreciation – Straight Line, Written Down, Unit-of-Production and Sum-of Years-Digits.

Revaluation…?

• AS-6 allows for revaluation and depreciation on the revalued amount.

• US GAAP prohibits revaluation.

• IAS-16 allows fair value (upward) for fixed assets as an alternative treatement.

Change in Depreciation Method …?

• A change in depreciation method under AS-6 is treated as change in the Accounting Policy and should be reported accordingly.

• US GAAP also treats change in the method of depreciation as change in Accounting Policy.

• IAS-16 treats it as a change in the estimate of depreciation amount.

Disclosures by Foreign Companies

in their Financial Statements……

Disclosure in Balance sheet

Disclosure in Balance sheet

Disclosure in Balance sheet

With this, we come to an end of the TOPIC on depreciation .!!!

The EndThe End

I hope that it has not

depreciated your

knowledge but in fact, has

APPRECIATED the

same!!!!

What NEXT…????