DepressionDr.Rohit SinghLather

Amooddisordercausingapersistentfeelingofsadnessandlossofinterest.

PeopleofAnyAgeGroupcanHaveDepression

OfficeRelationships

School

ChemicalImbalances

Family

Positiveornegativeevents

MajorIllnesses

Certainmedications AlcoholorotherDrugs Noreason!

BriefAboutDepression• Detectioncanbehard– symptomoverlapandpatientunaware

• Depressionanaturaloccurrenceinpopulation

• Wholerangeofdepressiveconditionswithvaryingseverity

• Depressioncanbepresentinacuteorchronicstates

• Depressioncanhavephysiological,biologicalorsocialcauses

• Depressionmayhaveamixtureofcauses

• Depressionco-existswithmanyothersymptoms

• Depressionisanaturalreactiontodiseasediagnosisandpresence

• Depressionandsymptomatologyarehighlyrelated

DepressionCharacteristics–Feelings,Behavior&Attitude

• Decreasedinterest/pleasure• Depressedmood• Reducedenergy• Weightgain/loss• Insomnia/Hypersomnia• Feelingworthless• Guilt• Recurrentmorbidthought• Psychomotorchanges• Fatigue• Poorconcentration• Pessimism/bleakviews• Selfharmideas/actions• Suicideideation

• Feelingempty• Inabilitytoenjoyanything• Hopelessness• Lossofsexualdesire• Lossofwarmfeelingsforfamilyorfriends• Feelingsofselfblameorguilt• Lossofselfesteem• Inexplicablecryingspells,sadnessorirritability

• Generalslowingdown• Neglectofresponsibilitiesandappearance• Poormemory• Inabilitytoconcentrate• Suicidalthoughts,feelingsorbehaviors• Difficultymakingdecisions

• AdjustmentDisorders- Mild- Short-lived- Reactiveepisodes

• MajorDepressiveDisorder(MDD)• - 5symptomsdisplayedin14days– Sudden– Loss/Crisis/Change– Cyclic– MonthsorYears• Dysthymia• - Depressedmoodfor2+years- Notseveremild- Chronicdepression• - Unhealthylifestyleassociations• BipolarDisorder/manicdepression- majordepression&mania- Changebackandforthbetweenperiodsofdepressionandperiodsofmania(anextremehigh)

- Symptomsofmaniamayinclude:Lessneedforsleep,Overconfidence,Racingthoughts,

Recklessbehavior,Increasedenergy,Moodchangesareusuallygradual,butcanbesudden• SeasonAffectiveDisorder– Changeofseason– Winter– Sunlight

DepressionTypes

TreatmentforDepression

• Professionaltreatmentisnecessaryforallthesetypesofdepression - Seeadoctor- Interpersonaltherapyworkstochangerelationshipsthataffectdepression- Cognitive-behavioraltherapyhelpspeoplechangenegativethinkingandbehaviorpatterns

Medication- Antidepressantscanhelpeasethesymptomsof

depressionand returnapersontonormal functioning.- Antidepressantsarenothabitforming.

Psychotherapy- Talktoacounselor,- Talkthingsoverwithafriend,familymemberora

residentiallifestaffmember.

ThingstoDo– TakeaBreak• Reduce oreliminatetheuseofalcoholordrugs• Exercise orengageinsomeformofphysicalactivity• Eat aproper,well-balanceddiet• Don’tmakelong-termcommitmentsorimportantdecisionsunlessnecessary• Don’tassume• Don’tengagein“emotionalreasoning” thingsarehopeless(i.e.:becauseIfeelawful,mylifeisterrible)• Don’tassumeresponsibilityforeventswhichareoutsideofyourcontrol• Don’tavoidtreatmentasawayofcoping• Obtainanadequateamountofsleep• Seekemotionalsupportfromfamilyandfriends• Focusonpositiveaspectsofyourlife• Paceyourself,modifyyourschedule,andsetrealisticgoals

InterveningWithA DepressedSoul• Beempatheticandunderstanding - Don’ttryto“cheerup”adepressedperson• Avoidcriticalorshamingstatements• Challenge expressionsofhopelessness• Empathize withfeelingsofsadness,grief,angerandfrustration• Don’targueabouthowbadthingsare• Don’tinsistthatdepressionorsadnessarethewrongfeelingstobeexperiencing• Don’tbecomeangryeventhoughyoureffortsmayberesistedorrejected• Advocatefortheirrecoveryfromdepression• Emphasize thatdepressionistreatable• Seekconsultation• Encourage themtoseekhelp,gowiththemtothecounselingcenter• Besupportiveofcounselorordoctorsuggestions

Ifyouorsomeoneyouknowhassymptomsofdepression…

TakeAction!