Depression and New Deal

Professor Kenneth T. Jackson

The Depression

• The Great Depression• World War II• The Post War Boomlet, 1945-1960• Suburban Exodus and White Flight,

1950-2000

The Great Depression in NYC

• Wall Street Crash of October, 1929• Rockefeller Center and the Empire State Bldg• Unemployment and Homeless Encampments• The Little Flower - Fiorello LaGuardia• Indoor Markets, Censorship, and Trolley Tracks• Bridges, Parks, and Highways• Redlining by HOLC and FHA• The World's Fair of 1939-1940

Model T

LaGuardia & friends challenge Prohibition

NY Police Commissioner Louis Valentine watches Mayor LaGuardia

smash slot machines

Rockefeller Center Under Construction

Rockefeller Center 1937

Chrysler Building

Chrysler Building

Manhattan Skyline 1937

Breadline in Bryant Park

Shacks of the unemployed, NY, 1932, below Riverside Drive

“Hooverville” in Central Park

Potato vendor, NYC streets

5,000 apple sellers on NYC streets

Shantytown, West Houston Street

Roseland

1930s dance marathon

Bronx Terminal Market, 1935

George Washington

Bridge

Queens Blvd., 1935

Building at First Ave. and 102nd St.,demolished for East River houses, first public housing in E. Harlem

First public houses of NYC Housing Authority, 1935

Harlem River Houses

Removing 8th Ave. tracks, c. 1936

Red Hook Houses

Ft. Greene houses, 1944

U.N.

Robert Moses and the Riseof New York

• Accomplishments: builds more in his career than any other person in American history

• Develops vision of NYC as a world capital• Creates massive infrastructure for NYC

including bridges, tunnels, roads, beaches, parks

• Caro's Charges Against Moses: racism, destroys neighborhoods; ruins public transportation

• Built Cheap Public Housing

Robert Moses

Accomplishments - Roads• Interborough Parkway

• Cross Bronx Expressway

• West Side Highway

• Cross Island Parkway

• Hutchinson River Parkway

• Van Wyck Expressway

• FDR Drive

• Major Deegan Expressway

• Clearview Expressway

• Harlem River Drive

• Gowanus Expressway

• Bruckner Expressway

•

Accomplishments – Roads (cont’d)• Henry Hudson Parkway

• Bronx River Parkway

• Grand Central Parkway

• Belt Parkway

• Prospect Expressway

• BQE

• New England Thruway

• Wantagh State Parkway

• Meadowbrook Parkway

• Long Island Expressway

• Southern State Parkway

• Northern State Parkway

• Seaford-Oyster Bay Exp.

Cross Bronx Expressway

Bridges

Accomplishments – Bridges and Tunnels

• Henry Hudson Bridge• Marine Parkway Bridge• Triborough Bridge (RFK)• Cross Bay Bridge• Whitestone Bridge• Queens Midtown Tunnel• Brooklyn Battery Tunnel• Throgs Neck Bridge• Verrazano Narrows Bridge• Robert Moses Causeway

Accomplishments - Miscellaneous

• United Nations• Lincoln Center• World's Fair of 1939, World's Fair of 1964• Shea Stadium• Stuyvesant Town, Peter Cooper Village,

Rochdale Village• Cadman Plaza• Co-op City• Title I Projects around the city including

Morningside Gardens, and much of the public housing in the city.

Accomplishments – Beaches & Parks

• Jones Beach• Orchard Beach • Dyker Beach • Jacob Riis Park • Astoria Park• Gilgo Beach • Robert Moses Park• Rebuilding and Reconstructing Central Park• Thirteen Swimming Pools in 1930s• Hundreds of Small Parks

Robert Moses State Park

Astoria Pool, Queens

NYC in World War II• The Brooklyn Navy Yard and Industrial

Output• Convoys and the Merchant Marine• Blackouts, Rations, and Rent Control• The Endicott, Roseland, and the Sand

Street • The Manhattan Project• Floyd Bennett Field, Fort Hamilton, Air

Defence• Coming Home

Brooklyn Army Terminal

VE Day Times Square

Troops come home