DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED RESEARCH
Syllabus
Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed University (Re-Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade)
Gandhigram – 624 302,
Dindigul District,
Tamil Nadu, India
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GANDHIGRAM RURAL INSTITUTE – DEEMED UNIVERSITY
(Re-Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade)
DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED RESEARCH
M.PHIL. IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Course Outline and Scheme of Examinations
First Semester Course Credit CFA ESE Total Course 1 : Methodology of Research 4 50 50 100 Course 2 : Applied Statistics in Research 4 50 50 100 Course 3 : Dimensions of Development 4 50 50 100 Course 4 : One of the electives from the following 4 50 50 100
• Demography and Development • Environmental Studies • Applied Gerontology • Social Work Interventions • Manpower Research
Second Semester Course
• Dissertation Work 12 I-75 E- 75} 200 Viva 50}
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DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED RESEARCH
M.PHIL. IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
Credit : 4 Max. Marks: 100 Contact hours : 64 [CFA-50, ESE-50] Objectives
�� To develop scientific skills and expertise in formulating problem for research �� To evolve research designs, methods and techniques in conducting empirical
research �� To prepare research report and draw inferences
Unit 1: Scientific Research: Methods of acquiring knowledge – authority, tradition,
experience, inductive, deductive reasoning, scientific method – Principles and
characteristics of scientific inquiry – Process of model building in research – Problem
solving and developmental research –Research ethics, skills and aptitude.
Unit 2 : Research Process: Steps in Research, selection of a problem for research; sources,
identification, and criterion for selection. Significance of review of related literature,
hypothesis formulation, types, functions and role of hypothesis in research. Variables and
types, preparation of Research design – components and types.
Unit 3: Types and Methods of Research: Experimental, explorative descriptive and
historical research; Diagnostic and evaluation studies, field and market survey, Case
Study, trend and futuristic studies, Participatory and Expost-facto research, Longitudinal
and cross sectional studies, Qualitative and quantitative studies.
Unit 4: Data: types and sources – conventional and non-conventional sources– field
operation logistics, mapping and location of units, field diary and supervision. Tools and
techniques of data collection – observation, interview, questionnaire and schedule –
Projective techniques sociometry, psychological tests and scaling techniques – validity
and reliability of research data.
Unit 5 : Analysis and interpretation of Data : Data processing – scoring and categorization
and coding –use of SPSS – emphasis for data analysis - drawing of inferences and
interpretation – Reporting research, Dissemination of research findings, Types of reports,
format of a research report. Reference, footnotes, bibliography – glossary, appendix.
evaluation of a research report; webology and E-journals.
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TEXT BOOKS:
�� Donald H.Mc Burney, Research Methods, Library of Congress Cataloging-in-
Publication, 2003
�� John W.Creswell, Research Design Qualitative & Quantitative Approaches, ,
London : SAGE Publication 1994.
�� Tim May, Social Research Issues, Methods and Process, Buckingham, :c Open
University Press, 2001
�� Das . M N, N C Giri, Design and Analysis of Experiments, New Delhi :New
Age International (p) Limited, Publishers, 1986
�� Tony Brown & Liz Jones, Action Research and Postmodernism, Buckingam,
Open University Press, 2001
�� William M.K. Research Methods (Second Edition), New Delhi, Atomic
Publishing, 2003
�� Ernest T.Stringer, Action Research, A Handbook for Practitioners, London :
SAGE Publications, 1996
� Pertti Alasuutari, Researching Culture – qualitative Methods and Cultural
Studies, London : SAGE Publication, 1995
� Kundra S., Reporting Methods, New Delhi : Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.,
2005.
��� Judith Green & John Browne, Principles of Social Research, New Delhi, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2006.
��� Shajahan .S., Research Methodology for Management, Mumbai, Jaico
Publishing House, 2006.
��� Sarma, R.P and Rabi N.Misra, Research Methdology and Analysis, New Delhi:
Discovery Publishing House, 2006.
��� Earl Babbie, The Practice of Social Research, Chennai : Micro Print Pvt., Ltd.,
2004.
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DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED RESEARCH
M.PHIL. IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
APPLIED STATISTICS IN RESEARCH
Credit 4 Max Marks : 100 Contact hours : 64 [CFA-50, ESE-50] OBJECTIVES
�� To develop skill in applying statistical methods and techniques in research.
�� To develop skill in analyzing data using different statistical techniques.
�� To enable the students to choose appropriate techniques and draw valid inferences.
UNIT 1 Statistics and its application in research. Levels of measurement, sources of data,
Organization and classification of data, Formation of frequency distribution, Diagrammatic
an graphical presentation of data.
UNIT 2 Sampling and Census, Census Vs Sampling, Characteristics of a good sample,
sampling frame and sample size, sampling methods: Probability and non-probability
samples, sampling and non-sampling errors.
UNIT 3 Descriptive Statistics – Measures of central tendency, Dispersion measures,
skewness, kurtosis measures, Measures of association/relationship – Coefficient of
correlation, coefficient of determination, Pearson, coefficient of contingency, Regression
analysis.
UNIT 4 Multivariate analysis: Multiple correlation and regression, partial correlation
and partial regression, Analysis of variance (ANOVA): Meaning and concepts, Factor
analysis, Cluster analysis, path analysis, discriminate function analysis (DFA), and
Logistic Regression Analysis.
UNIT 5 Inferential statistics – Testing of hypothesis, basic concepts; null and research
hypothesis – concept of standard error, one tailed and two tailed tests. Parametric and non-
parametric tests and their merits and demerits, students ‘t’ test and ‘z’ test, ‘F’ test, Chi-
square test, Run test and Rank test.
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REFERENCE BOOKS:
�� Blalock, H.J. Social Statistics, New York: McGraw Hill, 1960
�� Cochran, V.G., Sampling Techniques, John Willey, New York, 1963.
�� Edwards, A.L. Statistical Methods for the Behavioural Sciences, New York:
Rinchar & Co., 1954.
�� Edwards, A.L., Statistical Methods for the Behavioural Sciences, Rinchar & Co.,
New York, 1954.
�� Fox, A.A., Methods of Correlation and Regressin, New York: Rinchart and
Winston, 1966.
�� Garrett, H.E., Statistics in Psychology and Education, Bombay: Vakels, Feffer and
Simons Ltd., 1981.
�� Gupta S.C., Fundamentals of Statistics, Mumbai : Himalaya Publishing House,
2006.
� John Castellan N., Jr. Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences,
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data, 1988.
� Rajamanickam M. , Statistical Methods in Psychological and Educational
Research, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2001.
��� Siegel, Sidney, Non-Parametric Statistics for Behavioural Sciences, McGraw Hill,
New Delhi, 1986.
��� Sinha B.L., Statistics in Psychology and Education, Anmol Publications pvt. Ltd,
New Delhi, 2006
��� Walker, H.M. and Leo.J., Statistical Inference, Holt Binehart, New York, 1980.
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DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED RESEARCH
M.PHIL. IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT Credit 4 Max. Marks: 100 Contact hours: 64 [CFA-50, ESE-50] OBJECTIVES
�� To familiarize the students with the concept of development and development
planning
�� To expose the students about the issues of development; and
�� To acquire expertise in evolving strategies for development
UNIT 1: Development and growth: Meaning and Concepts of development and growth –
Determinants of developments – Development strategies – Criteria for development and
causes of under development – New Economic Policy – Millennium Development Goals:
Development indicators.
UNIT 2: Development Planning : Planning – definition – fundamentals of developmental
planning. Types of planning – objectives of planning in India –- Five Year Plans –
Strategies of planning –Infrastructural facilities and expertise for planning.
Unit 3: Millennium Development Goals – Issues related to Poverty, Unemployment,
Education, Maternal and child health. Gender issues – Empowerment of Rural Women.
Environmental issues in development. Sustainable development – strategies, community
intervention .
UNIT 4: Research and Development – Research as the basis for development – types of
research and their application in development. Inter-disciplinary development research,
participatory and action researches – Its importance in development. Preparation of trained
man-power for undertaking developmental projects. Human Resource Development &
Management - decision making process – Social Audit.
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Unit 5: Globalisation: its impact on Industry and Employment –National Policies and
movements for development, Contribution of Science and Technology and role of NGO in
Development. Relevance of Gandhian approaches to development.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
�� Ashok Mathur and P.S.Raikhy, (Ed) Economic Liberalisation and its implications
for Employment, New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publicatins, 2002.
�� Bagchi,K.K., Agrarai, Crisis, Farmer’s Suicides and Livelihood Security of Rural
Labour in India, Delhi: Abijeet Publication, 2008
�� Balakrishnan. A (Ed.), Impact of Globalization and Retaining Strategies for
Labour and Employment, Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 2007.
�� Benny Joseph, Environmental Studies, New Delhi : Tata McGraw-Hill, 2005.
�� David Burningham and John Davies, Environmental Economics, Chennai : Rain
Tree,2005.
�� Misra.S.K. and Puri.V.K., Economics of Development and Planning (theory and
Practice) Delhi : Himalaya Publishing House, 2000.
�� Prasad and Rajanikanth, Rural Development and Social Change, New Delhi:
Discovery Publications, 2006
� Sankaran.S. Indian Economy, Chennai : Maragatham, 2005.
� Subramanian R., Rural Development, New Delhi: Yatan Publications, 1988
��� Sudhir M.A.and A.Balakrishnan, Employment Empowerment of Rural Women
Labour Force, New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 2002
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DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED RESEARCH
M.PHIL. IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ELECTIVE COURSE : DEMOGRAPHY AND DEVELOPMENT
Credit 4 Max Marks : 100 Contact hours : 64 [CFA-50, ESE-50] OBJECTIVES
�� To familiarize the students with demographic concepts relevant for development �� To make the students understand the linkages between population and
development. �� To equip the students with the skills to undertake demographic research.
UNIT 1 Demographic concepts : Demography as a field of study – Population – size,
composition and distribution – Population Census and its interpretation – Annual
registration of births and deaths – Population projects. A short history of demography –
Kinds and resources of data.
UNIT 2 Theories of population growth – Natural law – Malthus – sadler’s theory –
Thomas Double Day – Corrado Gini – Social Theories: Henry George – Arsene – Dumont
– Carrsaunders optimum theory of population – Karl Marx – Demographic transition
theory.
UNIT 3 Demographic Measures: Population change and its components – Ratio,
proportions, percents, rates – Crude birth rate and crude death rate – Natural increase and
rate of natural increase of population and other relevant measures.
UNIT 4 Major demographic processes: Fertility – Vital events – with reference to India -
Fertility and Fecundity – Measures of Natality – size of family and replacement
population – Factors affecting fertility – Linkages between fertility and development –
Demographic aspects of mortality: CDR-Age specific mortality rates – significance of
infant mortality trends in India and development countries causes death – causes of infant
deaths. Marriage – Age at marriage – age and its influence on fertility in India – Migration
– Determinants of migration.
UNIT 5 Trends in Population Growth and Population Policy and programmes: World
population trend – Population growth in under developed and developed regions –
population growth, trends and differential in India – Factors responsible for population
growth. Population Policy and programmes in India – National population policy 2000.
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REFERENCE BOOKS:
�� Anrudh Jain, Do Population Policies Matter, New York, Population Council, 1998.
�� Arthur Haupt and Thomas T.Kane, Population Handbook, Washington, DC,
�� George W.Barclay, Techniques of Population Analysis, New York : John Wiley &
Sons Inc.,1958.
�� Joseph A. McFalls, Jr., Population : A Lively Introduction, Washington,
�� Mahadevan, K, Infant and Childhood Mortality in India, Delhi : Mittal
Publications,
�� Pathak, Ram.F., Techniques of Demographic Analysis, Bombay : Himalaya
Publishing House, 1992
�� Peter R.Cox, Demography, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
� Pollard, A.H., Farhat Yusuf, Pollard, G.N., Demographic Techniques, Hong Kong,
Pergamon Press, 1983.
� Srivastava, S.C., Studies in Demography, New Delhi: Anmol Publications Pvt.
Ltd., 2004.
��� Zdenek Pavilk, Position of Demography among other Disciplines, Prague, 2000
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DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED RESEARCH
M.PHIL. IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ELECTIVE COURSE: ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Credit 4 Max Marks : 100 Contact hours : 64 [CFA-50, ESE-50]
OBJECTIVES
�� To create an awareness among the students regarding the environment and its allied problems.
�� To understand the relationship between environment and development. �� To familiarize the learners with the methods and strategies for the preservation and
protection of the environment.
UNIT 1: Environment – understanding environment – concept and definition of
environment – nature of eco system, bio diversity. Man and environment relationship.
Indian environment - Land, water, forest, habitat, energy and living resources. Agencies
for protection – formal agencies – educational institutions, special centres, wild – life
sanctuaries, museum, parks etc., role of community and NGOs. Department of
Environment, National Committee on Environmental Planning (NCEP), Centre for Science
and Environment.
UNIT 2: Environmental Problems and Issues – degradation: deforestation and soil
erosion; extinction of flora and fauna; environmental pollution: land, air, water, chemical
and noise – environmental awareness and management – conservation, protection and
restoration of environment.
UNIT 3: Environmental education – need and importance of environmental education –
aims, objectives and guiding principles of environmental education, scope of
environmental education, centre for environmental education.
UNIT 4: Strategies for environmental protection – environmental related legislation on
water pollution, air pollution, radiation, pesticides: wild life act, fisheries conservation and
fisheries act. State enactments, peoples movement – organizing workshops, seminars
debates, discussions, campaigns, etc., - conducting case studies, exhibition, fairs, etc., -
Use of mass media – news papers – films, radio, television, etc.
UNIT 5: Environmental research and development – nature of research on environmental
issues, interdisciplinary studies, environmental surveys, promoting research in
environmental problems, environmental impacts assessment – status of environment
studies in India – trends and issues, preservation of environment for sustainable
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development; need for environmental information services and National policies and
environment.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
�� Sudhir M.A. M.Alankara Masillamani, Environmental Issues, Reliance Publishing
House, New Delhi, 2003
�� Benny Joseph, Environmental Studies, Tata McGrew-Hill Publishing Company
Ltd, New Delhi, 2005
�� Manmahan Singh Gill, Jasleen Kewlani, Environmetnal Conscience Socio-Legal
and Judicial Paradigm, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2009
�� Saxena H.M., Environmental Studies, Rawat Publications, Jaipur, 2006
�� David Burningham & John Davies, Environmetnal Economics (Third Edition),
Heinemann Educational Publishers, New Delhi, 2005
�� Ghosh S.B., Scientific Approach to Environment, Ritu Publications, Jaipur, 2009
�� Perumal M., R.Veerasekaran, M.Suresh, M.Asaithambi, Environmental and
Ecological Issues in India, Abhijeet Publications, Delhi, 2008
� Pandian K.L., Global Environmental Problems, ALP Books, New Delhi, 2009
� Singh S.K., Seema Singh, Environmental Education and Pollution Control, Arish
Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, 2008
��� Pruthi R.K. Towards Sustainable Development, Rajat Publications, New Delhi,
2005.
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DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED RESEARCH
M.PHIL. IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ELECTIVE COURSE: APPLIED GERONTOLOGY Credit 4 Max. Marks: 100 Contact hours: 64 [CFA-50, ESE-50] OBJECTIVES
�� To create knowledge and awareness of ageing and its psycho social manifestations. �� To inculcate necessary skills to handle a variety of service and welfare needs of the
elderly; and �� To foster capability to pursue research and advanced training in psychosocial
gerontology. UNIT 1: Gerontology as a field of study, concept, methods and scope. Human ageing –
life expectancy and life span, classification of aged population. Theories of ageing –
biological, psychological, psycho-social of theories – Erikson, Buhler and Jungs theory,
Levinson’s theory.
Social theories – Role theory, Activity Theory, Disengagement Theory. Indian Theory of
Ashrama Dharmas.
UNIT 2: Old Age – Characteristics, developmental tasks, physical changes and
psychological changes, retirement, singleness, adjustment, loneliness, depression.
Social aspects of ageing, generation gap, aged and youth, age as a determinant of status,
attitude towards ageing; Aged as minority, elderly abuse. Study of special groups –
problems of aged in rural India, Tribal Aged, destitute aged, disabled aged.
UNIT 3: Care and Welfare needs of aged – physical and health care needs, psychological,
social and economic needs, self care, family and community intervention. National Policy
for Older Persons (NPOP), Longevity in life.
Factors determining successful surviourship and correlates of happy ageing.
UNIT 4: Services for the elderly: Financial assistance, old age pension, travel concessions.
Psychological services – counselling services, group interaction, psychotherapy. Health
services – geriatric clinic and wards, mobile medical services.
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Legal services - Constitutional and legal provisions for the protection of elderly.
Institutional services – Old age Homes, day care centres, help line services.
Role of non-governmental organizations and Governmental agencies. Housing,
transportation and recreational services – senior citizen clubs, old age inn, leisure time
activities, education of the aged.
UNIT 5: Research in Gerontology – nature and scope, methodological issues of research
on ageing, cohort and life span studies, cross sectional and longitudinal studies, role of
universities and national institutions in promoting gerontological research, trends of
research on ageing in India, need for interventional and policy research, population ageing
in developed and developing countries.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Behura N.K. and R.P Mohanthy, Ageing in Changing Social System- Their
Problems – New Delhi Discovery Publishers House; 2005
2. Ishwar Modi; Ageing Human Development. New Delhi, Rawat publications; 2001
3. John W Santrock; Life Span Development. NewYork. The McGraw- Hill
Companies; 1999
4. Malcom L.Johnson; The Cambridge Handbook of Age and Ageing, New York,
Cambridge University Press; 2005.
5. Murali Desai and Siva Raju; Gerontological Social Work in India- Some Issues and
Perspectives. Delhi, B.R Publishing Corporation;1999
6. Nancy R.Hooyman and H.Asuman Kiyak; Social Gerontology- A Multidisciplinary
Perspective – Massachusetts, Allyn and Bacon;1991
7. Phoebe S Liebig and Irudaya Rajan, An Aging India: Perspectives, Prospects and
Policies Jaipur, Rawat Publication; 2005
8. Rajagopal Dhar Chakraborti; The Greying India, New Delhi, Sage Publications ;
2004
9. Sathi P.N.; Needs and problems of Aged, New Delhi, Himanush Publications;
1996
10. Sudhir M.A, Ageing in Rural India: Perspective and prospectus. Delhi, Indian
Publishers Distribution; 2005.
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DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED RESEARCH
M.PHIL. IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ELECTIVE COURS : SOCIAL WORK INTERVENTIONS
Credit: 4 Maximum Marks : 100 Contact hours: 64 [CFA-50, ESE-50] Unit-1 Evolution of Social Work Profession-Impact of Social Reform Movements: Social
work profession, Philosophy and Principles of Social Work and their application. System
Approach to Social Work Practice; Role of Social Work in the Remedial, Preventive and
Developmental Models. Integrated Approach to Social Work Practice, Social Work
Education in India. Intervention in Social Problems – Government and Voluntary Efforts at
Micro and Macro-levels.
Unit II Case work- objectives, Principles, Process. Approaches in Case work-
Psychoanalytical, Psycho-social, Problem Solving, Behaviour Modification, Crisis
Intervention, Eclectic Approach.
Group work- Assumptions, and Goals of Group Work. Principles, Skills, Values of Social
Group Work and Group Process. Leadership, Approaches and Models in Group Work
Practice - Therapeutic/Social Treatment. Development Group and Task -oriented Group.
Unit-III Community Organization - Principles and Objectives, Approaches and Strategies
and Role of Social Worker. Social Action, - Purpose and Techniques. Networking ,
Conscientisation and Strategies of social movements – Types and Roles of NGOs
Social Work Research - Scope and Dimension, Types - Emancipatory, gender based,
intervention and empowerment
Unit-IV Evolution of Social Policy in India; Review of Major Policies and Programmes,
viz., Education, Health, Shelter, Environment, social Security, Employment, Family,
Child, Women and Youth Welfare, welfare of the Weaker Sections, Elderly and Disabled.
Characteristics of Social Welfare Organizations – Size, Nature, Design, Legal Status – Identifying overall and Specific Needs, Monitoring and Evaluation, Recording and Accountability.
Unit- V Issues of Social Justice – Its relationship with Social Legislation; Civil Rights; Human Rights. Legislations pertaining to Women and Children, Social Defence, Social Security and people with Disability, the Underprivileged and Health related Legislations. Social Development Indicators, Approaches and Strategies – Quality of Life. Concept of
Sustainable Development. Agencies promoting social Development in India.
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REFERENCE BOOKS:
�� Misra P D, “Social Work - Philosophy and Methods”, Inter-India Publications,
New Delhi, 1994.
�� Banks,S., “Ethics and values in social work”, Practical social work series, London,
Macmillan press Ltd. 1995.
�� Desai, M., “Curriculum Development on History of Ideologies for Social Change
and social work”, Mumbai, Social work Education and Practice Cell, 2000.
�� Diwakar,V.D, “Social Reform Movements in India-A Historical Perspective”,
Bombay, Popular Prakashan, 1991. ..
�� Jha Jainedra Kumar, “Practice of Social Work”, New Delhi, Anmol Publications
Pvt, Ltd. 2002.
�� Lena Dominelli, “Social work”, USA , Polity press, 2004.
�� Pincus, Allen and Anne, “Social work practice: Model & method”, Minaham
Illinois, Peacock Publishers, 1978.
� Mc Mohan Maria O’neel, “A General Method of Social Work Practice”,
.Massachusetts, Allyn & Bacon, 1996.
� Patel Chhaya, “Social Work Practice, Religion Philosophical Foundation”, Jaipur,
Rawat Publication, 1999.
��� Payne Malcom, “Modern Social Work Theory: A Criminal Introduction”, London,
MacMillan Education LTD, 1991.
��� Reamer,F.G, “Social Work Values and Ethics”, New York, Columbia University
Press, 1995.
��� Subheden, “Field Work Training in Social Work”, Jaipur, Rawat publication, 2001.
��� Tata Institute of Social Science, “Field works Manual for First year Social Work”,
Mumbai, TISS, 2000.
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DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED RESEARCH
M.PHIL. IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ELECTIVE COURSE: MANPOWER RESEARCH
Credit: 4 Maximum Marks : 100 Contact hours: 64 [CFA-50, ESE-50]
Unit – 1
Human factor in Industry: People – Machine Environment system – Vocational Guidance
– Motivation of Employees and Need Satisfaction Approach – Motivation – arts of
Motivation – How can people be motivated? – Systems approach to Motivation – Morale
and Productivity – Measures to win employees Moral – Measures to build up Morale.
Unit – 2 Planning/Selection of Personnel : Human Resource Planning – system approach to Human
Resource Planning – Job Analysis – Job Description – Job specification – recruitment –
scientific selection - managerial recruitment and selection – induction.
Unit – 3 Training and Development of Employees: Management of Employees Development – its
importance – Nature of Development and Role of management in Employees – its
importance – Major methods of training – promotion policy – performance appraisal – new
approach to performance appraisal (M.B.O.) – key features of M.B.O.
Unit – 4
Personnel Problems: Factors Determining conditions of work environment – physical
factors – mental and social environment – industrial fatigue – labour absenteeism – labour
turnover – factory work and human relationship – job design and human factors – labour
unrest – labour disputes - conciliation and arbitration – Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 –
Evolution of Legal Measures for Settlement of Disputes – National Labour Commission
1969 – Industrial Discipline – Features of Code of Discipline – Industrial Relations – its
Areas – measures to secure better industrial relations.
Unit – 5 Workers Participation in Management: Meaning and Need of participation – forms of
participation – consultative supervision – Democratic supervision – multiple management
– labour management cooperation – joint management councils – suggestion programme –
Labour management association – the new scheme of participation – its limitations – role
of collective bargaining – main features of collective bargaining – labour legislation and
collective bargaining.
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REFERENCES:
1. Shelerkar S.A., “Modern Business Organization and Management”, Himalaya
Publishing House, Bombay, 2010.
2. Memoria C.B., “Personnel Management”, Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay,
2019.
3. Tripathi P.C., “Personnel Management and Industrial Relations”, S.C.Chand & Co.
New Delhi, 1998.
4. Michael V.P., “Human Resources Management and Human Relation”, Himalaya
Publishing House, Bombay, 1995.
5. Punekar, Devdhar & Sankaran, “Labour Welfare, Trade Unionism and Industrial
Relations”, Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay, 1999.
6. Kangoe V.V., “Human Resource Management”, Ashish Publishing House, New
Delhi, 1998.
7. Rolf P. Lynton, “Training and Development”, Sage Publiscation, New Delhi, 1989.
8. Nancy M. Dixon., “Evaluation: A Tool for improving HRD Quality”, S.Chand &
Co., New Delhi, 1995.
9. Devendra Thakur, “Education and Manpower Planning”, Deep and Deep Book
Publishers, New Delhi, 1992.
10. Arya & Tandon, “Human Resource Development”, Deep and Deep Book
Publishers, New Delhi, 1991.
11. Chandhary N.R., “Industrial Moral and Productivity”, Deep and Deep Book
Publishers, New Delhi, 1992.
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DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED RESEARCH M.Phil. Programme
[Micro Level Planning/Development Sociology/Development Administration/Economics/Food Science and Nutrition]
METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH AND STATISTICAL APPLICATIONS
Credit: 4 Max. Marks : 100 Contact hours: 64 [CFA-50, ESE-50]
OBJECTIVES: To develop expertise and skill to undertake independent research in the area of
specialization.
Unit 1: Scientific basis of research – methods of acquiring knowledge - Inductive and
Deductive Reasoning, scientific method and its applications.
Need for conceptual analysis, selection of a problem for Research, survey of literature,
formulation of Hypotheses, nature and types of variables, problem-solving and
developmental research.
Unit 2: Research Design and Methods: Purpose and dimensions of research design, steps
in formulation of a design.
Types of research design – Historical, Descriptive, Experimental – true experimental,
quasi experimental and exposit facto designs. Field surveys, diagnostic and evaluation
research.
Qualitative and quantitative methods in research, Need and relevance of Inter
disciplinary research.
Unit 3 : Data – Population and samaple, Probability and non-probability sampling
techniques, requisites of a Good sample, sampling distribution and sampling errors.
Tools and techniques of data collection– Observation, interview, Inquiry Forms,
Psychological tests, Projective techniques, rating scales, Likert and Thurstone, Guttman
type scales. Sociometry, Focus Group discussion, PRA, Psychodrama and Sociodrama.
Organisation of field work for data collection. Validity, reliability and feasibility.
Unit 4 : Analysis of Data – Categorisation, presentation of data and Frequency
distributions.
Descriptive statistics – Central measures, Dispersion measures, Skewness and kurtosis.
Correlation and regression analysis, Analysis of attributes, Analysis of Time – series,
Index Numbers and Trend analysis.
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Unit 5: Inferential Statistics:
Testing of hypothesis, basic in hypothesis testing; concept of Sampling distribution and
Standard Error; Type I and Type II errors, large sample and small sample tests.
Tests of significance for attributes.
Non-parametric tests – Chi-square test, Run test and Median test.
Multi variate analysis – Multiple correlation and Multiple regression.
Analysis of variance and Factor analysis.
Structure and qualities of a Research Report, Dissemination of research findings,
Evaluation of Research Report.
REFERENCES:
1. Arunkumarsingh, Tests, Measurements and Research Methods in Behavioural
Sciences, New Delhi : Tata McGraw Hill, 1986.
2. Britaha Mikkelson, Methods for Development work and Research and a Guide for
practitioners. New Delhi : Sage Publications, 1995.
3. N.Kerlinger : Foundations of Behavioural Research, Delhi : Surjeet Publications,
1983.
4. R.S.Dwivedi : Research Methods in Behavioral Sciences Delhi : Macmillan, 1997.
5. Kuttan Mahadeven and Parameswara Krishnan, Methodology for Population
Studies and Development. New Delhi : Sage Publications, 1993.
6. Blalock, Hubert M. Social Statistics London : McGraw Hill, 1981.
7. H.E.Garett: Statistics in Psychology and Education, Bombay : Vakils, Feffer and
Simons, 1981.
8. Gerald Hursh – Cesar and Prodipto Roy, Third World Surveys: Survey Research in
Developing Nations, Delhi : Macmillan, 1976.
9. Runyon, R.Petal, Fundamentals of Behavioural Statistics, New Delhi : McGraw
Hill, 1996.
10. Dooley, David, Social Research Methods, New Delhi : Prentice Hall, 1996.
11. Y.P.Aggarwal : Statisttical Methods: Concepts, Applications and Computations,
New Delhi: Sterling Publishing Company, 1988.
12. H.M.Walker and J.Lev, Statistical Interference, New York : Holt, Rinchart, 1980.
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DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED RESEARCH P.G. Programme
[M.A.Sociology/Human Resource & Conflict Management/Rural Development/M.Sc.Home Science/Food Science and Nutrition/Dairy Science]
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Credit: 4 Max.Marks: 100 Contact hours: 64 (ESE 60, CFA : 40)
OBJECTIVES:
To familiarize the students with different methods and techniques of scientific research,
help them to formulate designs for undertaking research projects and to prepare the
research reports and disseminate the findings.
Unit 1:
Scientific Research – Principles – characteristics and functions of research, scientific
method, steps in research.
Types of research: Pure, Applied and Action Research, Qualitative and Quantitative
studies. Research aptitude and research skills Research ethics.
Unit 2: Research process – Formulation of a Research problem, Criterion for selection of a topic,
statement of the problem and definition of terms, objectives review of literature. Variables
– independent and dependent.
Hypotheses – characteristics and functions – preparation of research design.
Unit 3: Methods of Research – Exploratory, descriptive and experimental designs, surveys,
content analysis, case study, intervention and interdisciplinary studies.
Unit 4: Data Collection, sources, acquisition and interpretation of data – Data base - conduct of
Interview, participant and non-participant, observation, inquiry forms. Rating and attitude
scale, psychological test – projective techniques – sociometry, pre test reliability and
validity.
Unit 5: Report writing – Research Report – Thesis writing, its characteristics and format - types of
reports - Reference materials, quotations, bibliography, footnotes, glossary and appendix –
Thesis evaluation, open defense. Documentation of research findings and its utility for
policies, programme and innovation.
22
TEXT BOOKS:
�� Bandarkar and Wilkinson, Methods and techniques of Social Research,
Bombay: Himalaya Publishing Co., 2006.
�� Donald H.McBurney, Research Methods, New Delhi : Library of Congress
Cataloging-in-Publication, 2003
�� Goode and Hatt, Methods in Social Research, New Delhi : McGraw Hill, 2002.
�� Kerlinger, F.N., Foundations of Behavioural Research, New Delhi : Surjeet
Publications, 1978
�� Kothari C.R, Research Methodology, New Delhi: Vishva Prakashan, 2001.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
�� Das.M.N. & N C Giri, Design and Analysis of Experiments, New Delhi, New
Age International Publishers,1986.
�� Ian Dey, Qualitative Data Analysis (A user-friendly guide for social
scientists), London : Sage Publications,1993.
�� John.W.Creswell, Research Design Qualitative and quantitative Approaches,
Sage Publication, New Delhi.1994.
�� Tim May, Social Research Issues, Methods and Process, Open University Press,
Buckingham, 2001
�� Tony Brown & Liz Jones, Action Research and Postmodernism, Open
University Press, Buckingam, 2001
�� William M.K., Research Methods, New Delhi: Atomic Publishing, 2003.
�� Young, P.V.Scientific Social Surveys and Research, Practice Hall, New Delhi,
1994.
*****
23
DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED RESEARCH P.G. Programme
[M.A.Sociology/Human Resource & Conflict Management/Economics/Rural Development/M.Sc.Home Science/Food Science and Nutrition/Dairy Science]
APPLIED STATISTICS
Credit: 4 Max.Marks: 100 Contact hours: 64 (ESE 60, CFA : 40) OBJECTIVES: This course is designed for applying statistical methods and techniques in research.
It enables the students to apply statistical tools for analysis and interpretation of data.
Unit: 1 Statistics: Definition, scope, functions and limitations, Statistical organizations and set up
in India with special reference to Tamilnadu
Unit :2 Sampling Techniques: Census Vs sampling, characteristics of a good sample, sampling
size and sampling error.
Probability samples – simple random, stratified random, systematic cluster, multi stage
sampling.
Non-probability samples – accidental, purposive, judgement, convenient, volunteer, snow
ball sampling.
Probability and distributions – Binomial, Poisson and Normal distribution
Unit: 3 Sources and types of data, Coding and classification, Tabulation and presentation of data –
Frequency distribution, Diagrammatic and Graphical presentation – Statistical application
of Central Measures and Measures of Dispersion
Unit: 4 Correlation and regression: Methods of correlation, scatter diagram, correlation
coefficient, Regression equation and regression lines, Measures of association
Unit : 5 Tests of Hypothesis: Distribution and standard error – Type I and Type II errors, tests of
significance – large and small sample test for difference between means and proportions
Non-parametric tests – Chi-square test and goodness of it and its uses; Run test, Median
test.
24
Text Books:
�� Agarwal. Y.P. Statistical Methods, New Delhi: Sultan Chand & Sons, 1996.
�� Gupta, S.P., & Gupta. M.P., Business Statistics, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi,
2006
�� Hawley, Warren, Foundations of Statistics, New York: Saunders College
Publishing, 1996.
�� Hooda.R.P, Statistics for Business and Economics, New Delhi, Macmillan 2003.
�� Kothari C.R. Quantitative Techniques, New Delhi, Vikas Publishing House, 1998.
Reference Books:
�� Blalock, H.N., Social Statistics, New York, : McGraw Hill, 1960.
�� Cochran, V.G., Sampling Techniques, New York : John Willey, 1963.
�� Edwards, A.L., Statistical Methods for the Behavioural Sciences, New York :
Rinchar & Co., 1954.
�� Fox, A.A., Methods of Correlation and Regression, New York : Rinchart and
Winston, 1966.
�� Gupta, S.C. Fundamentals of Statistics, Mumbai, Himalaya Publishing House,
2006.
�� John Castellan, N. Jr. Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences, New
Delhi : Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication, 1988.
�� Rajamanickam M., Statistical Methods in Psychological and Educational Research,
New Delhi, Concept Publishing Company, 2001.
� Siegel, Sidney, Non-Parametric Statistics for Behavioural Sciences, New Delhi,
McGraw Hill, 2006.
� Sinha B.L., Statistics in Psychology and Education, New Delhi, Anmol
Publications,2006.
��� Walker, H.M. and Leo. J., Statistical Inference, New York : Holt Binehart, 1980.
_ _ _ _
25
DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED RESEARCH M.B.A.Programme
[Small Business Management, Cooperative Management, Rural Project Management & Rural Industries & Management]
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Credit: 4 Max.Marks: 100 Contact hours: 64 (ESE 60, CFA : 40) OBJECTIVES On successful completion of this course, the students will able to:
� Have the basic understanding of the research methodology � Have an insight into the application of modern analytical tools and
techniques for management decision making.
Unit 1: Introduction: Research – Nature and scope – definition - objectives-types-
Research Ethics, Research skills.
Research Process- Identifying and prioritizing problems - theoretical framework – review
of literature, variables -its types and measurement of variables – Hypothesis – formulation
and testing.
Unit 2: Research design: Types- Explorative; Experimental, descriptive, participatory,
Cross sectional and longitudinal studies - Case study and survey methods.
Unit 3: Data collection: Sampling and non-sampling techniques - Data collection
methods – interview, schedule, Questionnaire, and observation. Online research methods,
rating and attitude scales, psychological tests, projective techniques. Validity and
reliability of scales, stability measures.
Research Report - Components and format of research report - Reference materials,
quotations, bibliography, footnotes, glossary and appendix, dissemination of findings.
Unit 4: Descriptive Statistics: Measures of central tendency, dispersion, skewness and kurtosis – Correlation of Analysis,
Association of attributes Multiple regression and correlation analysis, Factor analysis;
ANOVA for one-way, and two way classification; SPSS and its uses.
Unit 5: Inferential Statistics: Basic concepts and Hypothesis testing and Estimation; Steps in hypothesis testing.
Parametric tests: tests of Attributes, Tests of Large samples, Tests of small samples.
Non-parametric tests: Chi-square test, Run test, median test, Mann-Whitney test,
Kolmozorov-Smirnov test, rank test.
26
Text Books:
�� Beri G.C., Marketing Research, New Delhi :Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2000
�� Donald R.Cooper, Business Research Methods, New Delhi : McGrew-Hill International Editions, 1998
�� Gupta S.P.& M.P.Gupta, Business Statistics, New Delhi:Sultan Chand & Sons, 2006
�� Hooda R.P., Statistics for Business and Economics, New Delhi Macmillan Ltd., 2003
�� Shajahan Dr. S., Research Methods for Management (Text and Cases), New Delhi : Jaico Publishing House, 2006.
Reference Books:
�� Donald H.Mc Burney, Research Methods, Singapore : Thomson Asia Pvt. Ltd.,
2002.
�� Donald R Cooper and Ramela S. Schindler, Business Research Methods, Tata
McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2000.
�� Kothari C.R, Research Methodology, Wishva Prakashan, New Delhi, 2001.
�� Krishnaswamy O.R, Methodology of Research in Social Sciences, Himalaya
Publishing House, Bombay, 2002.
�� Michael S.Lewis-Beck, Basic Statistics, SAGE Publications, London, 1993
�� Murray R.Spiegel Larry J.Stephens, Statistics – third edition, Tata McGrew-Hill
Publishing Company ltd, New Delhi, 2000
�� Ranjith Kumar, Research Methodology, Sage Publications, New Delhi,
� Raymond-Alain, et.ala, Doing Management Research, Sage Publications, London,
1999.
� Runyon R.P, Audrey Haber, D.J.Pittenger, K.A.Coleman, Fundamentals of
Behavioral Statistics, Eighth edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, New Yark, 1996
��� Saxena H.C. Surendran P.U. Statistical Inference, S.Chand & Company LTD, New
Delhi, 1994
��� Ticehurst G.W. and A.J.Veal, Business Research Methods, Longman
��� Uma Sekaran, Research Methods for Business, John Wiley and Sons lnc., New
York, 2000.
27
DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED RESEARCH PG Programme
(Inter – Departmental Elective)
INTRODUCTION TO LABOUR STUDIES Credit: 4 Max.Marks: 100 Contact hours: 64 (ESE 60, CFA : 40) Objectives:
• To inculcate awareness in studying the labour problems and labour issues • To impact the labour laws and labour welfare programmes
Unit 1: Labour – Concepts , characteristics and types-Labour theories- Labour market –
characteristics – issues in Indian Labour Market-Human Mobility and theory of migration
and its socio-economic implications.
Unit 2: Problems of Labour: working environment in factories – Labour in unorganized
sector-examples from brick, construction workers, mines and plantations workers –
Industrial relations.
Wages-concepts-Methods of wage payment-wage differentials-wage determinants in India.
Unit 3: Labour of special Groups: Agricultural labour: Trends and growth-Characteristics-
Problems and remedial measures.
Woman labour in organised and unorganised sectors: Extent of employment of women
labour, working conditions-wages and earnings –women’s problems-Laws relating to
women-labour in various sectors.
Child Labour: Extent of child labour, working conditions-wages-special legislation
protection measures on child labour.
Unit 4: Labour legislations: Growth of labour legislation in India. Labour laws: The
industrial Dispute act, 1947, the trade union act, 1926, the factories Act, 1948. The
Minimum wages act, 1948. The payment of wages act, 1936. The workmen’s
compensation act, 1923 and the Contract labour Act, 1970 and recent labour reforms.
Unit 5: Labour welfare and Trade union: Concept of labour welfare, significance of labour
welfare-principles of labour welfare programmes.
ILO and Trade Unions-role and functions-problems of trade union in India Labour
movements. Labour unrest-Impact of Globalisation on labour and employment.
TEXT BOOKS 1. Gaur G.L.Trade unionism and Industrial Relations. New Delhi: Deep and Deep
publications, 1986. 2. Mehrotra S.N. Labour problems in India. New Delhi: Chand and company, 1981. 3. Reshma Arora, Labour Law, Delhi: Himalaya Publishing House, 2000.
28
DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED RESEARCH U.G. Programme
(B.Com/BBA/B.Tech./B.A. [Gandhian Social Work]
Course: Research Methods and Statistics Credit: 4 Max.Marks: 100 Contact hours: 64 (ESE 60, CFA : 40) Objectives: The Course is designed to
• understand the basics of research • understand the method and procedures of research • acquire basic knowledge in data analysis and apply it for data analysis • develop abilities for formulating and conducting a project
Unit 1: Research – Meaning, scope and importance and types of research. Steps in research –
identification and selection of a problem for research – Need for review and its sources.
Unit 2:
Statement of the research problem, objectives, hypothesis, research design, methods of
research – experimental, and descriptive studies, case study, market survey – field and
participatory research.
Unit 3:
Data Collection in research – sources of data – primary and secondary sources. Choice of
tools and techniques – observation, interview, schedules, questionnaire and check list
Research Report – salient features of a good research report – Format of a report,
guidelines in preparation, reference materials.
Unit 4:
Universe and sample: Census and sample survey - sampling techniques.
Processing of Data – scoring, coding, classification and tabulation of data, frequency
distribution, diagrammatic and graphical presentation – bar diagrams, histogram, frequency
curve.
Unit 5:
Data analysis – qualitative and quantitative analysis, descriptive statistics - Correlation and
regression analysis – t – test, ANOVA, Chi-square test, SPSS in data analysis.
29
TEXT BOOKS:
�� S.C.Gupta, Fundamentals of Statistics, Mumbai : Himalaya Publishing House,
2006.
�� Hans Raj, Theory and Practice in Social Research, Delhi, Surjeet
Publications,2002
�� Krishnaswami.O.R., & M.Ranganatham, Methodology of Research in Social
Sciences, Mumbai : Himalaya Publishing House, 2005
�� Manoharan.M., Statistical Methods, Palani : Paramount Publishers, 1997
�� Nakkiran. S and Selvaraju. R., Research Methods in Social Sciences, Mumbai
Himalaya Publishing House, 2001.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
�� Basotia. G.R., Sharma. K.K., Research Methodology, Jaipur (India) : Mangal Deep
Publications, 1999.
�� Gosh, B.N. Scientific Methods and Social Research, New Delhi Sterling
Publishers, 1997.
�� Kothari C.R., Research Methodology, New Delhi : Vishva Prakashan, 2001.
�� Medhi.J., Statistical Methods an Introductory text, New Age International (p) Ltd,
New Delhi, 1992.
�� Michael S.Lewis-Beck, Basic Statistics, SAGE Publications, London, 1993
�� Sadhu A.N. and Singh, A. Research Methodology in Social Sciences, Himalaya
Publishing House, Mumbai, 2005.
* * * *