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DERBENT –DERBENT –the Southern Gate to the Southern Gate to
DagestanDagestan
Ancient CityAncient City
More than 5000 Years Old.More than 5000 Years Old.
Coat of Arms of Derbent
Panorama of the CityPanorama of the City
The oldest town in The oldest town in Dagestan is Derbent Dagestan is Derbent which is more than which is more than 5000 years old 5000 years old according to recent according to recent excavations done by the excavations done by the European and European and Dagestani Dagestani archeologists. The city archeologists. The city is situated on the is situated on the western coast of the western coast of the Caspian Sea in the Caspian Sea in the place where the place where the mountains come close mountains come close to the coast leaving a to the coast leaving a narrow stripe of a narrow stripe of a seaside valley three seaside valley three kilometers wide. kilometers wide.
In ancient times In ancient times there lay a famous there lay a famous Caspian tract – the Caspian tract – the only road from the only road from the steppes of South steppes of South East Europe to the East Europe to the Near East. Namely Near East. Namely in this place the in this place the most important most important strategic point strategic point there appeared the there appeared the first settlement first settlement many centuries many centuries ago.ago.
The name of the city goes back to the VI century and has the Persian Origin which means “The
knot of the gates”. According to the Greek historians it was known in Europe in antique
period as Caspian or Albanian Gates.
For many centuries it has been the border For many centuries it has been the border fortress of the states of the Near and fortress of the states of the Near and Middle East in their fight against the Middle East in their fight against the nomad tribes from South east Europe the nomad tribes from South east Europe the Scythians, the Sarmats, the Alans, the Scythians, the Sarmats, the Alans, the Huns, the Avars, the Khazars, etc.Huns, the Avars, the Khazars, etc.
The Rulers of the Eastern Countries tried The Rulers of the Eastern Countries tried to fight with them most of their raids into to fight with them most of their raids into the steppes failed. They were looking for the steppes failed. They were looking for ways to prevent the nomads’ invasions and ways to prevent the nomads’ invasions and decided to build in this narrowest place a decided to build in this narrowest place a fortress, the construction of which began fortress, the construction of which began in the VI century A.D. The citadel was in the VI century A.D. The citadel was situated on a hill near the mountains and situated on a hill near the mountains and the walls. the walls.
The North and South walls went deep into the sea and high into the mountains. The distance between the walls was 450 meters. So in this way they had managed to make a reliable obstacle on the nomads’ way. The fortress got the name Narynkala.
It has been rehabilitated It has been rehabilitated recently and there are usually recently and there are usually a lot of tourists there.a lot of tourists there.
The Plan of the Fortress
The Main Entrance to the The Main Entrance to the FortressFortress
The Gate to the FortressThe Gate to the Fortress
The Western Gate.The Western Gate. Ancient Masonry. Ancient Masonry.
The Western WallThe Western Wall and the Gate and the Gate
The Western WallThe Western Wall
The Eastern WallThe Eastern Wall
The Eastern Wall and theThe Eastern Wall and the Eastern Tower Eastern Tower
The Eastern TowerThe Eastern Tower
The Ruins of the Khan’s The Ruins of the Khan’s PalacePalace
The Khan’s OfficeThe Khan’s Office
The Water SpringThe Water Spring
Khan’s Water ReservoirKhan’s Water Reservoir
Extra Water ReservoirExtra Water Reservoir
The Inner Yard of the The Inner Yard of the FortressFortress
The GuardroomThe Guardroom
Ancient Grave Ancient Grave InscriptionsInscriptions
Ancient AnchorsAncient Anchors
The Stone The Stone AnchorsAnchors
The Stony MillstoneThe Stony Millstone
Khan’s DungeonKhan’s Dungeon
The Ruins of the Persian The Ruins of the Persian BathsBaths
The Steps (X century) and The Steps (X century) and the Loophole.the Loophole.
A Restaurant Near the A Restaurant Near the FortressFortress
Nowadays it the second largest city in Nowadays it the second largest city in Dagestan and the southernmost city in Dagestan and the southernmost city in the Russian Federation. It is economic the Russian Federation. It is economic and cultural centre of Southern and cultural centre of Southern Dagestan.Dagestan.
It is one of the main centers of It is one of the main centers of viticulture, wine-making and canning viticulture, wine-making and canning
in the republic. There is a fruit-in the republic. There is a fruit-canning combine, a winery, an electric canning combine, a winery, an electric equipment plant there. Derbent is one equipment plant there. Derbent is one of the carpet making centers in of the carpet making centers in Dagestan. Here are situated the Dagestan. Here are situated the carpet-weaving mills whose wares are carpet-weaving mills whose wares are well known in Britain.well known in Britain.
The Gate to the CityThe Gate to the City
The Central StreetThe Central Street
The SquareThe Square
Lenin SquareLenin Square
Monument to the VictimsMonument to the Victims of World War II of World War II
Armenian TempleArmenian Temple
The Building The Building of the Railway Stationof the Railway Station
The Old City WallThe Old City Wall
The Yard of theThe Yard of the Dzhuma Mosque Dzhuma Mosque
Entranceto the Mosque
The Century Old Paine The Century Old Paine Trees in the Yard of the Trees in the Yard of the
Mosque.Mosque.
The Old CityThe Old City
The Old MosqueThe Old Mosque
Kirkhlyar Cemetery. Kirkhlyar Cemetery. VIII Century.VIII Century.
The Local Carpet MarketThe Local Carpet Market
The Caspian SeaThe Caspian Sea
The City BeachThe City Beach