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Derivative Word Forms: What Do Learners Know?
Schmitt, N. & Zimmerman, C.B., (2002).
TESOL Quarterly, 36(2), 145-169.
Presented by Cheryl Boyd Zimmerman, Ph.D.
TESOL ProgramDepartment of Modern Languages and Literatures
November 3, 2010
Background of Study Common Assumption
Previous Research
Resulting Research Design for this Study
Examples of Words from The Academic Word List (AWL )
Authority Assume Traditional Select Philosophy Access Ethnic Liberal
Minimum Release Survive Ideology Inevitably Coherent Persist
Coxhead, A. (2000). A new academic word list. TESOL Quarterly, 34, 213-238.
Research Design
Word Family Knowledge is studied in how it relates to Overall Word Knowledge.
Overall word knowledge is addressed with a scale approach (Test of Academic Lexicon: TAL)
Word Family Knowledge is addressed with a productive derivative test (Later referred to as Test of English Derivatives: TED)
Test of Academic Lexicon (TAL) A
I don’t know the word
BI have seen the word
before but am not sure
of the meaning.
CI understand
the word when I see or
hear it in a sentence but I don’t know how to use it
in my own speaking or
writing.
DI know the
word and can use it in my
own speaking and writing
[If you select this one,
please write a SENTENCE which uses
the word and shows its
meaning. ]
1. Stimulate
2. Sloist
Test of English Derivatives (TED)
Example:PreciseNoun A doctor must work with
________.Verb A doctor ___________.Adjective Medical care requires _____ work. Adverb Doctors must work _____________.
Test of English Derivatives (TED)
Example:PreciseNoun A doctor must work with precision.Verb A doctor _____X______.Adjective Medical care requires precise
work. Adverb Doctors must work precisely.
Derivative Forms Produced for Words Rated at Each TAL Level
(Abridged form of Table 3 ; n=86)
A B C D
ALL WORDS
ESL 35.9% 44.2% 50.6% 60.9%
NOUNS
ESL 23.5% 38.6% 55.8% 68.1%
VERBS
ESL 26.1% 54.0 57.5 73.8
ADJECTIVES
ESL 47.1 40.3 46.3 53.7
ADVERBS
ESL 47.1 43.8 42.9 48.0
Derivative Forms Produced for Words Rated at Each TAL Level
A B C D
ALL WORDS
ESL 35.9% 44.2% 50.6% 60.9%
MA-ELT 87.5 83.3 74.1 79.4
ESL & MA-ELT 36.8 44.8 53.0 65.5
Native Speakers
- - - 91.2
Words for Which Participants ProducedZero, One, Two, Three and Four Derivative Forms
0 1 2 3 4
ESL & MA-ELT
5.5 18.3 28.4 29.5 18.2
Conclusion• So the jump from receptive to productive
knowledge is reflected in better mastery of productive derivative forms in each of the 4 word classes.
ButBut• The assumption that learners automatically
pick up the various derivative forms is probably incorrect.
Bottom LineTo Know a Word means
to know a great deal about it.
Derivative knowledge cannot be taken
for granted.