•Describe characteristics of early man
•Explain impact of geography on human societies
•Analyze cave art for clues of technology, religion
•Describe how human lifestyles changed in the Neolithic Era
Objectives 9/10
The Development of Civilization
Early Man – Pre-AP
Early Man – Pre-AP
•Homo Sapiens Sapiens emerged During the Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) 2 million – 12,000 BCE
•Humans lived in clans, were nomadic and hunted and gathered for food
•Since both men and women shared the job of supplying food for the family, there was relative equality among men and women
•Populations remained small ---Why?
•Simple stone tools developed, use of fire, and cooperation were characteristics of Paleolithic humans.
•Cultures began to developthat included goddesses,cave paintings.
What is culture? A system of beliefs that helpedexplain the environment and set up rules of social behavior
Oral language helped transmit culture
Paleolithic Humans
The greatest achievement of humans in the PaleolithicEra was the migration to all continents except Antarctica.
Land and ice bridges connected the continents.
Humans originated in Africa
How did humans migrate from Asiainto the Americas?
Land/Ice Bridges connected Siberia and Alaska
Humans during this time had to adaptto their physical environment.
What were some adaptations?
Using animal skins for warmthUsing natural resources for shelter
As the Ice Age ended, sea levels rose eliminating the land bridges.
As the earth warmed,the human population expanded
Technology improved
The Neolithic Revolution began between 10,000-8,000 years ago which transformed human existence.
As rising sea levels eliminatedland bridges, societies became isolated in the Americas, islands, andAustralia.
Aborigines are believed to be descended from the first humans who migrated to Australia during the Paleolithic era.
Agriculture develops Seeds scattered at a regular
campsite result in crops the following season
The agricultural revolution begins and over the next several hundred years, many societies begin to farm.
Agriculture first developed in the Middle East.
How did life change for humans as they settled into permanent dwellings?
•Farming led to food surpluses•Technology advanced rapidly as farm tools, weaving, basket-making and pottery developed•Humans domesticated animals
As agriculture developed, the role of women began to change. Gender equality which existed in the Paleolithic era was replaced by a patriarchal society in which men became the primary farmers or workers. As a result of better nutritionand a sedentary life, women had more children. Women became family caregivers.
The Role of Women
Human communities developed
•Political and•Economic goals•Religion•Social patterns•Intellectual advancements and•Achievements
The Bronze Age began around 4000 BCE with thedevelopment of metal working
First copperand laterbronze would be used to make farm tools andweapons
AgriculturalRevolution
Causes Effects
Climate ChangesGlobal warmingScattering of seeds led tocrops
•People become sedentaryliving in permanent settlements•Job specialization•Population explosion
Growth of villages into Cities
Agriculture changed everything – It was a revolution becauseit led to:
Recor
Ad
Co Advanced
JJob Specialization
Advanced Cities
Complex Institutions
Record Keeping
Advanced Technology
Civilization
Agriculture led to larger communities –
•Slash and burn farming•Herding•Permanent settlements•Development of irrigation systems – sharing resources required organization – development of early
goverments•Development of defense •Job specialization •Social hierarchy develops with wealth or economic surplus
Walls of Jericho
Technological and social advances gave rise to stable communities
Aleppo and JerichoWere early cities in the Fertile Crescent studied by archaeologists
is an example of a Neolithic settlement currently underexcavation in Anatolia or Asia Minor
Catal Huyuk
With the development of agriculture, humans no longer adapted to their environment. They learn to control their environment . Example: growing crops, domesticating animals such as goats and developing irrigation systems to control flooding.
Stonehenge, located in England provides a perfect example of humans controlling their environment. Built between the Neolithic era and completed during the bronze age, each stone weighs four tons each. How did they build it?
http://www1.sulekha.com/mstore/spk100/albums/England,%20Ireland%20and%20English%20Countryside/Ballinskelligs%20Bay-County%20Kerry-Ireland.jpg
http://www.donsmaps.com/images2/lakedwelling.jpg
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xjcwwA-nj8k/TRwDUS06MUI/AAAAAAAABBA/jJmQD8RatbM/s1600/bw.gif
http://brandonmeland.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/img_4889.jpg
http://www.unpo.org/images/M_images/australia-aborigines-460.jpg
