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•Describe characteristics of early man
•Explain impact of geography on human societies
•Analyze cave art for clues of technology, religion
•Describe how human lifestyles changed Neolithic Era
Objectives
Early Man
Early Man, 1-1, 1-2
How do we know how humans lived thousands of years ago?
•Archaeologists study Artifacts (man-made objects)•Anthropologists study culture ( a people’s unique way of life)•Paleontologists study fossils
During the Paleolithic Era(Old Stone Age)
•Humans (HomoSapiens) emerged in Africa between 100,000 and 400,000 yearsago.
Homo Sapiens migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas. (Every continent except Antarctica!) Land and ice bridges connected the continents.
How did humans migrate from Asiainto the Americas?
Land/Ice Bridges connected Siberia and Alaska
Today, the body of waterthat once formedan ice bridge betweenRussia and Alaska is called the Bering Strait
Early humans were hunters and gatherers who survived by hunting animals and gathering wild plants, berries and nuts for food.
They had to adaptto their physical environment.
How?
Early human societies (hunter-gatherer societies)
•Were nomadic (migrated in search of food, water and shelter)
•Invented the first tools, including simple weapons
•Learned how to make fire
•Lived in clans
•Developed oral language
•Created “cave art”
Archaeologistsuse a scientific method called Carbon Dating to tell the age offossils and artifactsAdd this to your notes.
Neolithic Age Begins 8000 BCE
The New Stone Age
The Ice Age is ending and the earth is warming
Sea levels rise
eliminating land
bridges
As rising sea levels eliminatedland bridges, societies became isolated in the Americas, islands, andAustralia.
Aborigines are believed to be descended from the first humans who migrated to Australia during the Paleolithic era.
Agriculture develops Seeds scattered at a regular
campsite result in crops the following season
The agricultural revolution begins and over the next several hundred years, many societies begin to farm.
Agriculture first developed
in the Middle East.
What is a Revolution?
What was revolutionary about the development of Agriculture?
It completely changedThe way people lived.It led to villages,then cities, then Civilization.
Societies during the Neolithic Era (New Stone Age)
•Developed agriculture
•Settled in permanent Settlements – they wereno longer nomadic
•Domesticated animals
•Used advanced tools
•Made pottery
•Developed weaving skills
Growing food instead of hunting and gathering food requires different skills:
Paleolithic skills Neolithic skills
HuntingGatheringFollowing wild herds Making simple tools Finding Caves to live in
PlantingHarvestingHerding domesticated animalsMaking advanced tools for farming, weapons, containers for seed and food storageCaves? No. Permanent settlements
Result: A Population explosion
AgriculturalRevolution
Causes Effects
Climate ChangesGlobal warmingScattering of seeds led tocrops
•People become sedentaryliving in permanent settlements•Job specialization•Population explosion
Growth of villages into Cities
Agriculture changed everything – It was a revolution becauseit led to:
Recor
Ad
Co Advanced
JJob Specialization
Advanced Cities
Complex Institutions
Record Keeping
Advanced Technology
Civilization
Aleppo and JerichoWere early cities in the Fertile Crescent studied by archaeologists
is an example of a Neolithic settlement currently underexcavation in Anatolia or Asia Minor
Catal Huyuk
Stable communities such as these came during the Neolithic period.
Add to notes
With the development of agriculture, human no longer merely adapted to their environment. They learned to control their environment. Example: growing crops, domesticating animals such as goats and developing irrigation systems to control flooding.
Stonehenge, located in England provides a perfect example of humans controlling their environment. Talk to your neighbor – write down three questions you have about Stonehenge.
Photo credits
1. Slide 1: http://lh6.ggpht.com/_tiMWwV8fJZU/SSnoK-hxzGI/AAAAAAAAAJU/LUb3awGVWRg/Uplands.jpg2. Slide 2: http://www.georgewashingtonwired.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/archaeology.jpg3. Slide 5: http://hoopermuseum.earthsci.carleton.ca/beringia/images/bothseasmap.JPG4. Slide 11: http://corehealthnutrition.com/files/9912/4361/6306/grain.jpg5. Slide 13: http://www.eastchester.k12.ny.us/schools/ms/teachers/stabile/images/fertile1.jpg6. Slide 10: http://www.unpo.org/images/M_images/australia-aborigines-460.jpg