4/20/17

1

Chemistry Monday, April 10 – Tuesday, April 11, 2017

Do-Now: “Ch. 15 Quiz Review Do-Now” 1.  Write down today’s FLT 2.  Describe or draw an example of each of the

following: a.  Hydrogen bonding b.  Adhesion c.  Cohesion d.  Surface tension

3. Quietly review for your quiz Take out your planner and ToC

Planner: •  Finish 16.1 SA •  Bring calculator + periodic table •  ToC due Friday

Table of Contents #2: 24. Ch. 15 Quiz Day Do-Now 25.  16.1 Cornell Notes/SA

Quiz

• NoiseLevel0• Eyesonyourownpaper• Checkanswerscarefully• Flipoverwhenfinished

FLT •  I will be able to identify the factors that

determine the rate at which a solute dissolves by completing 16.1 Cornell Notes

Standard HS-PS2-6:Communicatescien;ficandtechnical

informa;onaboutwhythemolecular-level

structureisimportantinthefunc;oningof

designedmaterials

16.1: Properties of Solutions

Recall

What is a solution? •  Solu;on=homogeneousmixtureof

solvent+solute.

Dissolution

4/20/17

2

Dissolution •  Recall-The“nature”(polarity,orcomposi;on)ofthesoluteandthe

solventwilldetermine…

– Whetherasubstancewilldissolve

– Howmuchwilldissolve

Dissolution •  Youareaddingsugartoyourtea,butyouno;cethatit’snotdissolving.Whatdo

youdo?

Dissolution • Whichwoulddissolvefaster–asugar

cube,orgranulatedsugar?

Dissolution •  FactorsAffec>ngtheRateofDissolu>on:

1.  Stirring/Agitation •  increases contact b/t solute & solvent

particles

Dissolution 2.  Surface Area (of solute)

•  Smaller pieces = more SA = more contact

Dissolution 3.  Temperature

•  High T = Particles move faster = more contact

•  High T can also increase the total amount of solute that will dissolve

Saturation

Saturation •  Solubility=maximumamountof

substancethatwilldissolveataspecificT.

•  Units=gsolute/100gsolvent

Saturation •  UnsaturatedSoln’=Cans>lldissolve

moresolute–  Ex/Solutecompletelydisappears

4/20/17

3

Saturation •  SaturatedSoln’=Containsthemax

amountofsolutedissolved.

Saturation •  SupersaturatedSoln’=Containsmore

thanittheore>callycandissolveSaturation and Equilibrium

Solute is dissolving

More solute is dissolving, but some is crystallizing

Saturation equilibrium established

Solubility

Solubility •  Increasing

temperature:–  Increasessolubility

forsolidsandliquids

•  Ex/Sugarintea

–  Decreasessolubilityforgases

•  Ex/Gasescapes

fromliquidwater

whenboiling

Solubility •  Whataboutpressure?

•  Henry’sLaw=Solubilityofagasinaliquidisdirectlypropor>onaltothePofthegasabovetheliquid

– Ex/ When you remove the cap of a bottle of soda, you release pressure, and then the gas starts to escape

Solubility •  Ofcourse,there’sanequa;on

Miscibility

4/20/17

4

Liquids •  Miscible=Whentwoliquidscanmix/

dissolve–  Waterandan;freezemixanddissolve

Liquids •  Someliquidsareonlypar;allymiscible

–  Ex/Waterandether

Liquids •  Immiscible=Cannotmix/Dissolve

–  Ex/Oilandvinegar

Pair-Share-Respond 1.   Listthreefactorsthataffecttherateof

dissolu>on2.   Explainhoweachofthosethreefactors

affectstherate3.   Youaddasolute,andno>cethatitall

disappearsinthesolvent.Isthissolu>onsaturated,unsaturated,orsupersaturated?

4.   Ifyouincreasethetemperature,willasoliddissolvefasterorslower?

5.   Ifyouincreasethepressure,willagasdissolvefasterorslower?

CW •  Sec>onAssessmentpg.477#3-6(samepageasnotes)

•  Finished?WorkonToCorquietlyreadCh.16

Chemistry

Wednesday, April 12 – Thursday, April 13, 2017

Do-Now: “16.2 Cornell Notes” 1.  Write down today’s FLT 2.  You are trying to dissolve sugar in tea.

Describe or diagram three ways you can increase the rate of dissolution.

3.  What does the word “miscible” mean? 4.  Copy and complete: When you increase

temperature, you will also increase the solubility of ____ and ____. However, you will decrease the solubility of ______.

5. Take out your calculator, periodic table, planner and ToC

Planner: •  16.2 WS •  Turn in ToC J J J

Table of Contents #3: 1.  16.2 Cornell Notes 2.  16.2 WS

FLT •  I will be able to perform calculations

involving molarity by completing 16.2 Cornell Notes

Standard HS-PS2-6:Communicatescien;ficandtechnical

informa;onaboutwhythemolecular-level

structureisimportantinthefunc;oningof

designedmaterials

4/20/17

5

16.2: Concentrations of Solutions

Concentration

Concentration •  Whatdowemeanwhenwesaya

solu;onisconcentrated?

•  Ex/Youbuyabo_leofcleaningsolu;on

anditsaysitis“concentrated”

Concentration •  Concentra>on=measureofamountof

solutedissolvedinanamountofsolvent

•  Wecanexpressconcentra;on

quan;ta;velyusingmolarityand

molality

Concentration •  Aconcentrated

solu;onhasa

largeamountof

solute

•  Adilutesolu;on

hasasmall

amountof

solute

Concentrated vs. Dilute

Lots of solute, in a small amount of solvent.

Small amount of solute in a

large amount of solvent.

Notice how dark the solutions appears.

Notice how light

the solution appears.

CONCENTRATED DILUTE

Molarity

Molarity •  Molarity(M)=molsolute/Lsolu>on

–  Ex/6.0Mmeans6.0molsoluteper1Lofsolu>on

•  Thisisthemostwidelyused

concentra;onunitusedinchemistry.

Molarity Ex/ 1 •  Intravenous(IV)salinesolu;onsare

ocenadministeredtopa;entsinthe

hospital.Onesalinesolu;oncontains

0.90gNaClinexactly100.mLsolu;on.

Whatisthemolarityofthesolu;on?

•  Step1:ConvertgàmolandmLàLifneeded

4/20/17

6

Molarity Ex/ 1 •  Intravenous(IV)salinesolu;onsare

ocenadministeredtopa;entsinthe

hospital.Onesalinesolu;oncontains

0.90gNaClinexactly100.mLsolu;on.

Whatisthemolarityofthesolu;on?

•  Step2/DividemolbyL

Ex/ 2 à You Try •  Asolu;onhasavolumeof2.0Land

contains36.0gofC6H12O6.Ifthemolar

massofglucoseis180.18g/mol,whatis

themolarity?

Molarity Ex/ 3 •  Householdbleachisadiluteaqueous

solu;onofNaClO.Howmanymolesof

solutearepresentin1.6Lof0.70M

NaClO?

•  Step1:Listknownsandunknown

Molarity Ex/ 3 •  Householdbleachisadiluteaqueous

solu;onofNaClO.Howmanymolesof

solutearepresentin1.6Lof0.70M

NaClO?

•  Step2:Setupthemolarityasyourconversionfactorandsolve

Ex/ 4: You Try •  Howmanymolesofammoniumnitrate

arein335mLof0.425MNH4NO

3?

Making Solutions

Dilutions •  Dilu>ons:Requiremoresolvent

(amountofsolutedoesnotchange)• 

Ex/ 5: Dilutions •  Howmanylitersofaqueous2.00M

MgSO4solu;onmustbedilutedwith

watertoprepare100.0mLofaqueous

0.400MMgSO4?

Ex/ 6: You Try •  Howmanylitersofsolu;onof4.00MKI

areneededtoprepare250.0mLof

0.760MKI?

4/20/17

7

CW • 16.2WS

– USETEXTBOOK!àPage480– Lastproblemàshowallstepsandwork

• ToCand/orstudyCh.16