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Description of the chakras
David Gordon White traces the modern popularity of
the seven chakra system toArthur Avalon'sThe
Serpent Power, which was Avalon's translation of a
late work, theSatcakranirupana.[8] Below is a
description of the seven chakras, with various
associations.
[edit]Sahasrara: The Crown Chakra
Sahasrara, which means 1000
petalled lotus, is generally considered
to be the chakra of pure
consciousness, within which there is
neither object nor subject. When the
female kundaliniShakti energy rises
to this point, it unites with the
maleShivaenergy, and a state of
liberatingsamadhiis attained.Symbolized by a lotus with one
thousand multi-coloured petals, it is
located either at the crown of the
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head, or above the crown of the head.
Sahasrara is represented by the
colour white and it involves suchissues as inner wisdom and the death
of the body.
Its role may be envisioned somewhatsimilarly to that of the pituitary gland,which secretes hormones to
communicate to the rest of theendocrine system and also connectsto the central nervous system viathe hypothalamus. According toauthor Gary Osborn, thethalamus isthought to have a key role in thephysical basis ofconsciousness andis the 'Bridal Chamber' mentioned inthe Gnostic scriptures. Sahasrara'sinner aspect deals with the releaseofkarma, physical action withmeditation, mental action withuniversal consciousness and unity,
and emotional action with"beingness."
[34]
In Tibetan buddhism, the point at thecrown of the head is represented by awhite circle, with 32 downward
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pointing petals. It is of primaryimportance in the performanceofphowa, or consciousness
projection after death, in order toobtain rebirth in aPure Land. Withinthis chakra is contained the Whitedrop, or Bodhicitta, which is theessence of masculine energy.
[edit]Ajna: The Brow Chakra
Ajna is symbolized by a lotus with two
petals, and corresponds to the colors
violet, indigo or deep blue. It is at this
point that the two side nadis Ida and
Pingala are said to terminate and
merge with the central channel
Sushumna, signifying the end of
duality. The seed syllable for this
chakra is the syllable OM, and the
presiding deity isArdhanarishvara,
who is a half male, half female
Shiva/Shakti. The Shakti goddess of
Ajna is called Hakini.
Ajna (along withBindu), is known as
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the third eyechakra and is linked tothe pineal gland which may inform amodel of its envisioning. The pineal
gland is a light sensitive gland thatproduces thehormone melatonin which regulatessleep and waking up. Ajna's keyissues involve balancing the higherand lower selves and trusting innerguidance. Ajna's inner aspect relatesto the access of intuition. Mentally,
Ajna deals with visual consciousness.Emotionally, Ajna deals with clarity onan intuitive level.
[35](Note:
some[who?] believe that the pineal and
pituitary glands should be exchanged
in their relationship to the Crown andBrow chakras, based on thedescription in Arthur Avalon's bookonkundalinicalled Serpent Powerorempirical research.)
In Tibetan Buddhism, this point isactually the end of the centralchannel, since the central channelrises up from the sexual organ to thecrown of the head, and then curvesover the head and down to the third
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eye. While the central channelfinishes here, the two side channelscontinue down to the two nostrils.
[edit]Vishuddha: The Throat Chakra
Vishuddha (also Vishuddhi) is
depicted as a silver crescent within a
white circle, with 16 light or pale blue,
or turquoise petals. The seed mantra
is Ham, and the residing deity is
Panchavaktra shiva, with 5 heads and
4 arms, and the Shakti is Shakini.
Vishuddha may be understood asrelating to communication and growth
through expression. This chakra isparalleled to thethyroid, a gland thatis also in the throat and whichproducesthyroid hormone,responsible for growth andmaturation. Physically, Vishuddhagoverns communication, emotionally
it governs independence, mentally itgoverns fluent thought, and spiritually,it governs a sense of security.[36] InTibetan buddhism, this chakra is red,
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with 16 upward pointing petals. Itplays an important role in DreamYoga, the art oflucid dreaming.
[edit]Anahata: The Heart Chakra
Anahata, or Anahata-puri, or
padma-sundara is symbolised by a
circular flower with twelve green
petals. (See alsoheartmind.) Within it
is a yantra of two intersecting
triangles, forming ahexagram,
symbolising a union of the male and
female. The seed mantra is Yam, the
presiding deity is Ishana Rudra Shiva,
and the Shakti is Kakini.
Anahata is related to the thymus,located in the chest. The thymus is anelement of the immune system aswell as being part of the endocrinesystem. It is the site of maturation of
the T cells responsible for fending offdisease and may be adverselyaffected by stress. Anahata is relatedto the colours green or pink. Keyissues involving Anahata involve
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complex emotions, compassion,tenderness, unconditional love,equilibrium, rejection and well-being.
Physically Anahata governscirculation, emotionally it governsunconditional love for the self andothers, mentally it governs passion,and spiritually it governs devotion.
[37]
In Tibetan Buddhism, this centre is
extremely important, as being thehome of the indestructible red/whitedrop, which carries ourconsciousness to our next lives. It isdescribed as being white, circular,with eight downward pointing petals,and the seed syllable Hum inside.
During mantra recitation in the lowertantras, a flame is imagined inside ofthe heart, from which the mantra ringsout. Within the higher tantras, thischakra is very important for realisingthe Clear Light.
[edit]Manipura: The Solar PlexusChakra
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Manipuraor manipuraka is
symbolized by a downward pointing
triangle with ten petals, along with thecolor yellow. The seed syllable is
Ram, and the presiding deity is
Braddha Rudra, with Lakini as the
Shakti.
Manipura is related to the metabolicand digestive systems. Manipura isbelieved to correspond toIslets ofLangerhans,
[38]which are groups of
cells in the pancreas, as well as theouteradrenal glands and the adrenalcortex. These play a valuable role
indigestion, the conversion of foodmatter into energy for the body. Thecolour that corresponds to Manipurais yellow. Key issues governed byManipura are issues of personalpower, fear, anxiety, opinion-formation, introversion, and transitionfrom simple or base emotions tocomplex. Physically, Manipuragoverns digestion, mentally it governspersonal power, emotionally it
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governs expansiveness, andspiritually, all matters of growth.
[39]
[edit]Swadhisthana: The Sacral ChakraSwadhisthana, Svadisthana or
adhishthana is symbolized by a white
lotus within which is a crescent moon,
with six vermillion, or orange petals.
The seed mantra is Vam, and thepresiding deity is Brahma, with the
Shakti being Rakini (or Chakini). The
animal associated is the crocodile
ofVaruna.
The Sacral Chakra is located inthe sacrum(hence the name) and isconsidered to correspond to thetestes or the ovaries that produce thevarioussex hormonesinvolved inthe reproductive cycle. Swadisthanais also considered to be related to,
more generally, the genitourinarysystem and the adrenals. The keyissues involving Swadisthana arerelationships, violence, addictions,basic emotional needs, and pleasure.
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Physically, Swadisthana governsreproduction, mentally it governscreativity, emotionally it governs joy,
and spiritually it governsenthusiasm.
[40]
[edit]Muladhara: The Root Chakra
Muladhara orroot chakra is
symbolized by a lotus with four petals
and the color red. This center is
located at the base of thespine in
the coccygeal region. It is said to
relate to thegonadsand theadrenal
medulla, responsible for the fight-or-
flight responsewhen survival is underthreat.
Muladhara is related to instinct,security, survival and also to basichuman potentiality. Physically,Muladhara governs sexuality,
mentally it governs stability,emotionally it governs sensuality, andspiritually it governs a sense ofsecurity.
[41]Muladhara has a relation
to the sense of smell.[42]
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This chakra is where the three mainnadisseparate and begin theirupward movement.
Dormant Kundalini rests here,wrapped three and a half timesaround the black Svayambhu linga,the lowest of three obstructions to herfull rising (also known as knots orgranthis).
[43]It is the seat of the red
bindu, the female drop (which inTibetan vajrayana is located at thenavel chakra).
[clarification needed]
The seed syllable is Lam(pronounced lum), the deityisGanesh,
[citation needed]and the Shakti
isDakini.[44]
The associated animal is
the elephant.[45]
[edit]Lower chakras
There are said to be a series of seven chakras
below muladhara going down the
leg,[46]
corresponding the base animal instincts, and
to the Hindu underworldpatala. They are called
atala, vitala, sutala, talatala, rasatala, mahatala and
patala.
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[edit]Atala
This chakra is located in the hips, it governs fear and
lust. The opposing attribute to balance this chakra isgoverned by the right to be sexual.
[edit]Vitala
Located in the thighs, it governs anger and
resentment. The opposing attribute to balance this
chakra is forgiveness.
[edit]Sutala
Located in the knees, it governs jealousy. The
opposing attribute to balance this chakra is the right
to be self-confident.
[edit]Talatala
Translated as 'under the bottom level', it is located in
the calves, and it is a state of prolonged confusion
and instinctive wilfulness. The opposing attribute to
balance this chakra is the right to be conscious.
[edit]Rasatala
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Located in the ankles, it is the centre of selfishness
and pure animal nature. The opposing attribute to
balance this chakra is the right to be charitable.
[edit]Mahatala
Located in the feet, this is the dark realm 'without
conscience', and inner blindness. The opposing
attribute to balance this chakra is the right to be
expansive and unimpeded.
[edit]Patala
Located in the soles of the feet, this is the realm of
malice, murder, torture and hatred, and in Hindu
mythology it borders on the realm ofNaraka, or Hell.
The opposing attribute to balance this chakra is the
right to be empathetic and understanding.
[edit]Others
There are said to be 21 minor chakras which are
reflected points of the major chakras.[47]
These 21
are further grouped into 10 bilateral minor chakras
that correspond to the foot, hand, knee, elbow,
groin, clavicular, navel, shoulder and ear. The
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spleen may also be classified as a minor chakra by
some authorities despite not having an associated
coupled minor chakra.