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DESERTEC – Clean Power from DesertsA concept for energy security and climate protection
for a world with 10 billion people
Hani El [email protected]
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In 2050, the world´s population will need 3 planetsto cover it´s demand for resources
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How can 10 billion people live peacefully togetheron just one planet?
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Annual economic potential, in PWh (= 1000 TWh) Global demand (2008): 18 PWh/y Source: Trieb et.al.,DLR, 2009
144 PWh
125
~1100
~200
290
700
95
126
11~200
Desert Potential: 3000 PWh/y Energy is abundant
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Potential DESERTEC regions
Source: Gerhard Knies
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Year
Gro
ss E
lect
ricity
Con
sum
ptio
n TW
h/y
TurkeySpainPortugalMaltaItalyGreeceTunisiaMoroccoLibyaEgyptAlgeriaYemenUAESyriaSaudi ArabiaQatarOmanLebanonKuwaitJordanIsraelIraqIranCyprusBahrain
MED-CSP Scenario Historical Data
Egypt
MED-CSPMED-CSP
This is a second Europe How can it be achieved?
~4000 TWh/y
Turkey
Iran
EU-MENA ... a rapidly growing region
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The DESERTEC Concept for EU‐MENA DLR Studies: renewable energy potential in the EU and in MENA
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Electricity demand in EU‐MENAin the year 2050: 7,500 TWh/y
Biomass: 1,350 TWh/y
Geothermal: 1,100 TWh/y
Windpower: 1,950 TWh/y
Hydropower: 1,350 TWh/y
Solar power: 630,000 TWh/y
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3 Samples out of 20 EU-MENA HVDC interconnections each line transmitting 5 Giga Watt
Vision for 2050
Transmission losses 10-15%
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Mediterranean Ring, initiated 1987 by Minister Abaza of Egypt
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Situation 2010 with 220/400 kV AC Lines
240 MW 600 MW
350 MW
1400 MW
Under test
450 MW
Planned 2014 Egypt-Saudi Arabia1400 km Rated 3000 MW ±500 kV
DC
Peak load management: in Saudi Arabia noon peak and in Egypt evening peak
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The DESERTEC Concept for EU‐MENAThe best sites offer the greatest benefit for climate protection
For the same investment, the best sites can produce more clean electricityand therefore replace more conventional power
Solar energy especially in the south, wind power in coastal areas, hydropower in the mountains, biomass in fertile central Europe, geothermal as available
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ConventionalSteam Power Station
Desalination (MED) with Waste Heat
Solar Hybrid Power Station with Desalination
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Step 1:Solar field in Hybrid operation for day and night service. Solar share ~30%
Desalination (MED) with Waste Heat
Solar Hybrid Power Station with Desalination
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Step 2:Solar field with Heat Storage for Night operation + boiler as back up. Solar share ~99% & ~ 1% bio-fuel for days with sand storms or clouds
Desalination (MED) with Waste Heat
Solar Hybrid Power Station with Desalination
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050Year
Elec
trici
ty [T
Wh/
y]
DesalinationExport SolarPhotovoltaicsWindGeothermalHydropowerBiomassWave / TidalCSP PlantsOil / GasCoalNuclear
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050Year
Elec
trici
ty [T
Wh/
y]
Import SolarPhotovoltaicsWindGeothermalHydropowerBiomassWave / TidalCSP PlantsOil GasCoalNuclear
MENA Europe
MENA: Power from deserts mainly for local electricity demand and desalination
Europe: Expansion of domestic renewable energies
Dispatchable desert power complements the European electricity mix, enabling a higher proportion of PV & Wind, thus quickening the shift to a renewable energy supply
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+ 17% RE
6times
as much
6times
as much
65%
RE
Electricity production scenario for EU and MENADLR Studies: Clean power from deserts for local demand and export
85%RE
85%RE
18%18%
Quelle: DLR Studie TRANS‐CSP, www.DLR.de/tt/trans‐csp
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Freshwater Demand Prospects by Country
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050Year
Fres
hwat
er D
eman
d [b
illio
n m
³/y]
BahrainYemenUAESaudi ArabiaQatarKuwaitOmanIranIraqSyriaLebanonJordanIsraelPalestineEgypt LibyaTunisiaAlgeriaMorocco
Natural Renewable Water
Deficit ~ 2 x Nile
Source: DLR, Trieb
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Groundwater withdrawals exceeds safe yieldSaghir 2000
Groundw ate r w ithdraw als as pe rce ntage of s afe yie ld
0 % 50 % 10 0 % 15 0 % 2 0 0 % 2 5 0 % 3 0 0 % 3 50 % 4 0 0 %
C yp rus
M o ro c c o
T u n is ia
A lg e ria
O m a n
U A E
S yria
Y e m e n
J o rd a n
B a h ra in
G a za
Q a t a r
K u wa it
S a u d i A ra b ia 14 56 %
12 75 %
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2500
3000
2500
3000
40006000
800010000
12000
4000
3000
4000
5000
Aquifer limit
Aquifer outcrop limit
Agricultural land irrigated mainly by abstraction wells
4000 Salinity in mg/l
Agricultural land irrigated mainly by natural springs
Explanation
0 2.5 5Scale, km
3000
6000400010000
20000
20000
3000
3000
10000
0 2.5 5Scale, km
4000
Aquifer limit
Aquifer outcrop limit
6000
4000
Salinity in mg/l
Agricultural land irrigated mainly by abstraction wells
Explanation
6000
3000
4000
6000
10000
20000
30000
3000
4000
6000
10000
6000
Aquifer limit
Aquifer outcrop limit 0 2.5 5
Scale, km
Agricultural land irrigated by abstraction wells
4000 Salinity in mg/l
Agricultural land irrigatedby TSE
Explanation
Desertification of Soils due to Groundwater OverDesertification of Soils due to Groundwater Over--exploitation and Salinization (e.g. Bahrain)exploitation and Salinization (e.g. Bahrain)
Source Dr. Source Dr. WaleedWaleed ZebariZebari, Arabian Gulf University, Arabian Gulf University
1960’s 1980’s 1990’s
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This difference isused to support water desalination
Reducing cost of water from CSP/MED plants
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Tunis, 30 Oct. 2010
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www.menarec.org/remena.html
Cairo University
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DESERTEC-WORLD12,000 solar GigaWatt from Deserts
Within 3000 km from deserts:
To more than 90% of world pop clean power from deserts available.
HVDC
via HVDC super grid to a World with 10 billion People
3000 km
World total demand 2050:
60 PWh/yScenario: 50% from deserts:
30 PWh/ycollectors for
12,000 GW-el
from 500 x 500 km²= 0.68% of all deserts= 1% of useful desertsdistributed over “10,000” sites
10% loss
Source: Gerhard Knies
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The DESERTEC concept for 10 billion people
Responsibility when managing the remaining resources Education for wise Resource Management
All peoples of the earth shall have a realistic chance for development.
Energy for Development
Collect energy from the deserts, as it is abundant and not usedThe Sun gives in 6 hours the Energy used in one year
Transport the collected energy from the deserts over long distances to the users
Via HVDC, an available technology
Produce potable water by desalination to satisfy food demandClean Electricity and use of Waste Heat for Desalination
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Long term power purchase agreement to supply clean Energy from MENA to EU
MENA shall shift subsidies from Oil/Gas for electricityproduction to subsidising delivered electricity, givingpriority to localy produced components.
Ground an EU‐MENA company that builds HVDC linesbetween EU and MENA.
Ground an EU Company that that buys clean electricityfrom MENA and sells it to the EU grid.
Agree that the delivery of electricity is coupled with a reasonable amount of desalted seawater: e.g. 20‐40 m³ for each MWh delivered electricity.
What can we do to foster Development of MENA?
Hani El Nokraschy_
