Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(2)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org 761
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA
WITH 2 HEXAGONAL SPLIT RING RESONATOR ARRAY
FOR IOT APPLICATIONS
P. POORNA PRIYA1, SYED INTHIYAZ2, M. VASANTH RAO3,
S.K.P.V. SRI DEEPTHI4, P. SRI LIKHITHA5 1,2Associate Professor, Department of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation,
Vaddeswaram, Guntur District, 3,4,5Students, Department of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation,
Vaddeswaram, Guntur District, A.P,India [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Micro-strip patch antenna plays a major role in our day to day life. In this paper we designed a micro-strip
patch antenna with a hexagonal split ring resonator for IOT applications. We used different measurements and
arrays to calculate the parameters like return-loss and gain. All these are done using ANSOFT HFSS. The
antenna is fabricated using FR-4 epoxy as substrate (relative permittivity=4.4, loss tangent=0.0004), and patch
and the ground are copper (PEC) and a coaxial feed. These designed antennas are fabricated and used in real-
time applications.
Keywords: Patch Antenna, HFSS, FR-4 epoxy
I. INTRODUCTION
Micro-strip patch antennas are widely used now a days because of several advantages like compact size, ease of
fabrication, lower cost etc. A patch antenna is a narrowband and wide beam antenna fabricated by etching the
element pattern of antenna in a metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate, such as printed circuit board,
with a continuous layer of metal bonded to the opposite of the substrate which forms a ground plane.
A split-ring resonator (SRR) is an artificially produced structure common to metamaterials. Their purpose is to
produce the desired magnetic susceptibility (magnetic response) in various types of metamaterials up to 200
terahertz. These media create the necessary strong magnetic coupling to an applied electromagnetic field, not
otherwise available in conventional materials. For example, an effect such as negative permeability is produced
with a periodic array of split ring resonators.
A single cell SRR has a pair of enclosed loops with splits in them at opposite ends. The loops are made of
nonmagnetic metal like copper and have a small gap between them. The loops can be concentric, or square, and
gapped as needed. A magnetic flux penetrating the metal rings will induce rotating currents in the rings, which
produce their own flux to enhance or oppose the incident field (depending on the SRRs resonant properties). This
field pattern is dipolar. The small gaps between the rings produces large capacitance values which lower the
resonating frequency. Hence the dimensions of the structure are small compared to the resonant wavelength. This
results in low radiative losses, and very high-quality factors
Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(2)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org 762
Split ring resonators (SRRs) consist of a pair of concentric metallic rings, etched on a dielectric substrate, with slits
etched on opposite sides. SRRs can produce an effect of being electrically smaller when responding to an oscillating
electromagnetic field.
This paper reflects hexagonal split ring resonator patch antenna for IOT applications, Wimax applications.
II. ANTENNA GEOMENTRY
The layout of the proposed hexagonal split ring resonator patch antenna is shown in fig1(a), 1(b),1(c)
1(a)1x1 Array
1(b) 2x2 Array
1(c) 4x4 Array
Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(2)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
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III. DESIGN LAYOUT DESIGN PARAMETERS OF AN UNIT CELL
PARAMETERS VALUES(mm)
A 12.5
B 9
C 7.5
D 6
E 4
F 2
G 1
H 2
P 30
Q 30
IV. RESULTS:
The proposed antenna is designed in HFSS software and the results are simulated and verified. This antenna can be
used at three different frequencies namely 3.2GHz, 5.2GHz, 4.54GHz. By creating 2X2 array and 4X4 array we
calculate gain and found 2X2 have the highest gain and settled with it.
ARRAY GAIN
1X1 2.5dB
2X2 5dB
4X4 2.5dB
RETURNLOSS:
1(d) GRAPH 1 (1X1 ARRAY)
In This figure1(d) the return loss at 3.2 ,4.5,5.1 are -13.83,-9.8,-10.4199 respectively
Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(2)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org 764
1 (e) GRAPH 2(2X2 ARRAY)
In This figure the rteurn loss at 3.2 ,4.5,5.1 are -22.41 , -10.23 , -15.56 respectively
1 (f) GRAPH 3(4X4 ARRAY)
In This figure the rteurn loss at 3.2 ,4.5,5.1 are -24.71, -17.58, -15.28 respectively
GAIN PLOT:
The 3 D gain plot of 1X1 array,2X2 array and 4X 4 array is shown in below plots with maximum gain at resonant
frequency.
1(g) PLOT 1 (1X1 ARRAY)
The maximum gain from the figure 1g is 2.5dB
Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(2)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
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1 (h) PLOT 2(2X2 ARRAY)
The maximum gain from the figure 1(h) is 5dB
1 (i) PLOT 3(3X3 ARRAY)
The maximum gain from the figure 1g is 2.5dB
VSWR PLOTS:
The given below plots are vswr plots for 1x1,2x2,4x4 Arrays respectively
Vswr plot for 1x1 array
Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(2)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org 766
Vswr plot for 2x2 array
Vswr plot for 4x4 array
V. COMPARISION AND ANALYSIS
Array Return Loss Freq1 Freq2 Freq3 Gain(dB)
1x1 -14 3.24 4.54 5.2 2.5
2x2 -22.50 3.24 4.54 5.2 5
3x3 -24 3.24 4.54 5.2 2.5
By observing the above tabular column, it is concluded that the designed antenna is resonates at 3 different
frequencies which can be used for IOT applications. By comparing return loss and Gain of each antenna,it is
concluded that 2X2 array is showing good agreement with return loss and gain.
VI. FABRICATED ANTENNA AND IT’S RESULTS:
The Designed antenna is fabricated for 2X2 array and results are verified practically.2(a),2(b),2(c),2(d) are the
manufactured antenna and s11 plot and vswr plot respectively
Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(2)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org 767
2(a) Fabiacted antenna for 2X2 array
2(b) Fabricated antenna for 2X2 array
2(c)Measured return loss for 1X2 array hexagonal shape
Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(2)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org 768
Testing the antenna
2(d) Measured VSWR for 1X2 array hexagonal shape
The simulated results and measured results have good agreement with each other
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