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IxDA Berlin:Design ethics as inspirationCharlie Mulholland - 6 February 2012Amsterdam University of Applied ScienceDepartment of Communication & Multimedia Design
Outline
• A bit about my background• The basic premise of this talk• Ethics and IxD: problem or
opportunity?• Some ethical tools that can be used
for inspiration
My basic premise
In the coming years, IxD’ers are likely to come under increasing pressure to take (at least some) responsibility for the moral issues raised by the products they design
Why do I believe this?
Technology mediates our experience of the world…
… it affects how we understand & interact with the world…
Source: Ihde, D. (1990). Technology and the Lifeworld: From Garden to Earth. Indiana University Press.
…and (thus) it mediates how we (can) act on the world
Source: Charlie Mulholland
…and (thus) it mediates how we (can) act on the world
Source: Aranea Felëus
…so it influences our behaviour by allowing or denying us choices…
Source: cc licensed ( BY SA ) flickr photo by cogdogblog: http://flickr.com/photos/cogdog/5026449698/
…sometimes this is not problematic…
Source: cc licensed ( BY NC ND ) flickr photo by kitch: http://flickr.com/photos/kitch/3288387680/
…but sometimes it is (even if it is an unintended consequence)…
Source: cc licensed ( BY SA ) flickr photo by salimfadhley: http://flickr.com/photos/salimfadhley/96770312/
…and sometimes this influence is problematic and deliberate
Source: http://darkpatterns.org/library/privacy_zuckering/
The thing is…
…your work is becoming more and more pervasive…
Source: cc licensed ( BY ) flickr photo by Peter Morville: http://flickr.com/photos/morville/4531186726/
…and people have started to worry about their privacy…
Source: Charlie Mulholland
…their ability to escape…
Source: https://twitter.com/noazark/status/293194207265447937/photo/1 Noah Zerkin
Okay, I know who you are
now, let’s see what ads I can target you with!
…maybe their freedom!
Source: cc licensed ( BY ) flickr photo by miss karen: http://flickr.com/photos/misbehave/2352753067/
Moral questions are coming coming to the agenda
So ethics & IxD: problem or opportunity?
Source: cc licensed ( BY ) flickr photo by aussiegall: http://flickr.com/photos/aussiegall/276131991/
Ethical questions, like design problems, are wicked problems
Source: Charlie Mulholland
Thinking about ethics adds more complexity of the design process
Source: Charlie Mulholland
However, there is another less cynical, but realistic approach• Embrace ethics as a
source of inspiration for:– Research,
sensemaking & reframing
– Ideation– Definition of
requirements– Selection & road
mapping– Detailed design
Some ethical tools that can be used for inspiration
(as well as for assessing the impact of your work!)
The ethical cycle
Source: Poel, I. van de, & Royakkers, L. (2011). Ethics, Technology, and Engineering: An Introduction. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
The ethical cycle and research, sensemaking & reframing
Source: Poel, I. van de, & Royakkers, L. (2011). Ethics, Technology, and Engineering: An Introduction. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
The ethical cycle and ideation
Source: Poel, I. van de, & Royakkers, L. (2011). Ethics, Technology, and Engineering: An Introduction. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
The ethical cycle and defining requirements
Source: Poel, I. van de, & Royakkers, L. (2011). Ethics, Technology, and Engineering: An Introduction. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Virtues & vices
Design patterns and detailed design
Persuasion
Source: http://footprint.wwf.org.uk/
Nudges
Source: cc licensed ( BY SA ) flickr photo by methodshop.com: http://flickr.com/photos/methodshop/2483875119/
Scripts
Source: http://id.hva.nl
What type of pattern, when?
Source: Charlie Mulholland
How to influence?
Source: Charlie Mulholland
Some specific examples
Source: Lockton, D. (2010). Design with intent: 101 patterns for influencing behaviour through design. Equifine.
Some specific examples
Source: Lockton, D. (2010). Design with intent: 101 patterns for influencing behaviour through design. Equifine.
Some specific examples
Source: Lockton, D. (2010). Design with intent: 101 patterns for influencing behaviour through design. Equifine.
My aim here has been to encourage you to:• Embrace ethics as a
source of inspiration for:– Research,
sensemaking & reframing
– Ideation– Definition of
requirements– Selection & road
mapping– Detailed design
More information
• Resources mentioned in the presentation:– Technology and the Lifeworld: From Garden t
o Earth, Don Ihde
– ‘Where Are the Missing Masses’, Bruno Latour
– Design With Intent: 101 Patterns for Influencing Behaviour Through Design, Dan Lockton
– Ethics, Technology, and Engineering: An Introduction, Ibo van de Poel & Lambèr Royakkers
– Moralizing technology: Understanding and Designing the Morality of Things, Peter-Paul Verbeek
More information
• Other interesting resources:– Seductive Interaction Design: Creating Playful, Fun, and E
ffective User Experiences, Stephen P. Anderson
– Mental Notes, Stephen P. Anderson (cards with ways to influence behaviour through design)
– Predictably Irrational, Revised and Expanded Edition: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions, Dan Ariley
– Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and Do, B. J. Fogg
– Justice lectures, Michael Sandel (videos of Michael Sandel’s introduction to the three main ethical approaches used in western philosophy)
– Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness, Richard H. Thaler & Cass R. Sunstein
Thank you for your attention
Questions?