Fixed Frequency Switch Mode Power Supply Using FA5311BP
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 1
Design Kit
Contents (1/2)
Slide #
1. Background1.1 Flyback Converter................................................................................................1.2 Current Waveforms..............................................................................................1.3 Equations.............................................................................................................
2. Specification...............................................................................................................2.1 Output Voltage.....................................................................................................2.2 Output Current.....................................................................................................2.3 Steady State Initial Conditions.............................................................................2.4 Output Ripple Voltage..........................................................................................2.5 Efficiency..............................................................................................................
3. Design Consideration.................................................................................................3.1 DC Link Voltage VDC,IN.........................................................................................3.2 Reflected Voltage VRO..........................................................................................3.3 Transformer Primary Side Inductance LP.............................................................3.4 Transformer Turn Ratio........................................................................................3.5 Transformer Leakage Inductance Lleak.................................................................3.6 RCD Clamping Network.......................................................................................
4. MOSFET Switching Device M1...................................................................................4.1 M1 Voltage and Current Stresses.........................................................................4.2 Losses in M1........................................................................................................4.3 MOSFET Model...................................................................................................
4-678910111213141516171819-2021-2324-2526272829
2All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010
Contents (2/2)
Slide #
5. Output Rectifier Diode D21...........................................................................................5.1 D21 Voltage and Current Stresses........................................................................5.2 Losses in D21.......................................................................................................
6. Output Capacitor C21 and C22......................................................................................7. Photocoupler PC1........................................................................................................Simulation Index..............................................................................................................
30313233-3535-3638-39
3All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010
1.1 Flyback Converter
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 4
• This figure shows the basic configuration of the converter ( Flyback + LCR load ). • The switch M1 ON and OFF events are separated to see how the devices work.
+VLP-
Vin Iin
LP LS
IF,D21
+VDS-
M1
D21
VOUTVLS
LC filter stage
1.1 Flyback Converter
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 5
• This figure shows the current path during the ON time, D21 is reverse biased, and the output capacitor (C21) supplies the LC filter stage on its own.
LS
M1
During the M1 ON time
ON
Reverse Bias
LP
VinVLS =
VinD21
LC filter stage
1.1 Flyback Converter
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 6
• During the OFF time, D21 is forward biased , LS starts conducting and charges C21 ,the secondary winding of the flyback transformer starts transferring energy to the power supply output.
During the M1 OFF time
LP
M1
D21
OFF
LS
VinNVLS ⋅=
NVVinV OUT
DS +=
VOUT
1.2 Current Waveforms
• The current waveforms of Iin and IF,D21 in CCM and DCM mode.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 7
CCM DCM
LpΤVinΔΙin ΟΝ×
=
LpΤVinΔΙin ΟΝ×
=
Discontinuous current
LpNΤVinΔΙ ΟN
DF××
=21,
ΟNΤΤ
ΟNΤ Τ
Iin Iin
IF,D21 IF,D21 LpNΤVinΔΙ ΟN
DF××
=21,
time time
• The primary side inductance value LP for the DCM mode is calculated as equation below.
1.3 Equations
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 8
( ) 22
,2
1
⋅−
<S
P
SDCMP
NN
fRDL
(1)
(3)
swP
LDCMOUT
fLRVinDV××
××=2
,
VinD
DNNV
P
SCCMOUT ⋅
−
⋅=1
,
(2)
• LP is the inductance of primary winding.• D = TON/T• NP is the turns number of primary winding.• NS is the turns number of secondary winding.
• The relationship between the VOUT and Vin for the CCM and DCM mode are defined as equations below.
2. Specifications
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 9
VIN = 110VrmsVOUT = 24VIOUT = 2A , DCMfSW = 30kHzOutput voltage ripple < 0.06VP-P
%Efficiency = 85.6
0
D21SF6L20U
ESR2133m
PARAMETERS:Np = 125Ns = 24
Lp = 650uHNsub = 14
Nsp = Ns/NpNsubp = Nsub/NpK = 0.996055
S
R24680
R25330k
ESL216.3nH
1
2
R221.9k
K K1
COUPLING = KK_Linear
L1 = LpL2 = LsL3 = Lsub
VacFREQ = 50HzVAMPL = 110*1.4142
D1
D2SBA60
1 2 3 4
D4
MUR160
R262.2k
PC1_K
R9100
R72.2
DZ1
MTZJ24B
R80.22
R122k
IC1FA5311BP
1 2 3 4
5678
C21890uF
0
R10
5.6k
C447u
R232.2k
R6
220
PC1_A
C6
6800p
PC1_K
R5220
ESR2233m
ESL226.3nH
1
2
C22890uF
C20.022uR2
33k
R272.2k
C3150p
OUT
RL12
G
D
R34.7k
R4220
R2118k
D3ERA91-02
D2ERA91-02
PC1_A
R112.2k
M12SK3869
+
C1SMH200VN270-22AIC = 0
LpLp
1
2
+
C23RJJ-35V221MG5-T20IC = 0
C50.047u
C240.22u
PC1TLP281
C71500p
LsNsp*Nsp*Lp
1
2
LsubNsubp*Nsubp*Lp
1
2
L21
8RHB
Rs_Lp
0.15
A
K
REFIC2NJM431
C80.22uIC = 0
2.1 Output Voltage
AnalysisTime Domain (Transient)
Run to time: 500msStart saving data after: 0Maximum step size: 10us
.OptionsRELTOL: 0.01VNTOL: 1.0mABSTOL: 100.0nCHGTOL: 1pGMIN: 1.0E-12ITL1: 500ITL2: 200ITL4: 20
• The output voltage is regulated at 24V(RL=12Ω) ,voltage overshoot at startup is less than 1.2V.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 10
Overshoot voltage
2.2 Output Current
AnalysisTime Domain (Transient)
Run to time: 500msStart saving data after: 0Maximum step size: 10us
.OptionsRELTOL: 0.01VNTOL: 1.0mABSTOL: 100.0nCHGTOL: 1pGMIN: 1.0E-12ITL1: 500ITL2: 200ITL4: 20
• The output current is 2A (RL=12Ω) ,current overshoot at startup is less than 100mA.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 11
Overshoot current
0
D21SF6L20U
ESR2133m
PARAMETERS:Np = 125Ns = 24
Lp = 650uHNsub = 14
Nsp = Ns/NpNsubp = Nsub/NpK = 0.996055
S
R24680
R25330k
ESL216.3nH
1
2
K K1
COUPLING = KK_Linear
L1 = LpL2 = LsL3 = Lsub
VacFREQ = 50HzVAMPL = 110*1.4142
PHASE = 30
D1
D2SBA60
1 2 3 4
D4
MUR160
R262.2k
PC1_K
R9100
R72.2
DZ1
MTZJ24B
R80.22
C50.047uIC = 3.37
R122k
IC1FA5311BP
1 2 3 4
5678
C21890uF
C3150p
0
R10
5.6k
R232.2k
R6
220
PC1_A
PC1_K
R5220
ESR2233m
ESL226.3nH
1
2
C22890uF
C20.022uR2
33k
R272.2k
OUT
RL12
G
D
R34.7k
R4220
R2118k
D3ERA91-02
D2ERA91-02
PC1_A
C71500pIC = 2.9
R112.2k
M12SK3869
+
C1SMH200VN270-22AIC = 141.4
LpLp
1
2
C6
6800p
+
C23RJJ-35V221MG5-T20IC = 23.9
C240.22u
C447uIC = 16.524
PC1TLP281
R221.9k
C80.22uIC = 2.42
LsNsp*Nsp*Lp
1
2
A
K
REFIC2NJM431
Vin_dc
LsubNsubp*Nsubp*Lp
1
2
Vin_dc L21
8RHB
Rs_Lp
0.15
2.3 Steady State Initial Conditions
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 12
Initial condition are set ,so the simulation starts near the steady state.
Initial phase = 30
IC(C1) = 30V
IC(C8) = 2.42V IC(C7)
= 2.9V
IC(C4) = 16.524V
IC(C5) = 3.37V
IC(C23) = 23.9V
2.4 Output Ripple Voltage
AnalysisTime Domain (Transient)
Run to time: 60msStart saving data after: 40msMaximum step size: 100ns
.OptionsRELTOL: 0.01VNTOL: 1.0mABSTOL: 100.0nCHGTOL: 0.1pGMIN: 1.0E-12ITL1: 500ITL2: 200ITL4: 20
• The output ripple voltage is less than 60 mVP-P.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 13
Output ripple voltage
2.5 Efficiency
AnalysisTime Domain (Transient)
Run to time: 60msStart saving data after: 40msMaximum step size: 100ns
.OptionsRELTOL: 0.01VNTOL: 1.0mABSTOL: 100.0nCHGTOL: 0.1pGMIN: 1.0E-12ITL1: 500ITL2: 200ITL4: 20
• The simulation result shows that the efficiency of the power supply is 85.6%.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 14
%Efficiency = 85.6
Pout= 47.68[W]
Ploss(D21)= 1.92[W]
Ploss(M1)= 4.64[W]
Pin= 55.7[W]
Tracing the %Efficiency of the power supply ,add trace: 100* AVG(W(RL))/ AVG(V(Vin_dc)*I(Vin_dc))
Tracing the %Efficiency of the power supply ,add trace: 100* AVG(W(RL))/ AVG(V(Vin_dc)*I(Vin_dc))
0
D21SF6L20U
ESR2133m
PARAMETERS:Np = 125Ns = 24
Lp = 650uHNsub = 14
Nsp = Ns/NpNsubp = Nsub/NpK = 0.996055
S
R24680
R25330k
ESL216.3nH
1
2
R221.8k
K K1
COUPLING = KK_Linear
L1 = LpL2 = LsL3 = Lsub
VacFREQ = 50HzVAMPL = 110*1.4142
PHASE = 30
D1
D2SBA60
1 2 3 4
D4
MUR160
R262.2k
PC1_K
R9100
R72.2
DZ1
MTZJ24B
R80.22
C50.047uIC = 3.37
R122k
IC1FA5311BP
1 2 3 4
5678
C21890uF
C3150p
0
R10
5.6k
R232.2k
R6
220
PC1_A
PC1_K
R5220
ESR2233m
ESL226.3nH
1
2
C22890uF
C20.022uR2
33k
R272.2k
OUT
RL12
G
D
R34.7k
R4220
R2118k
D3ERA91-02
D2ERA91-02
PC1_A
C71500pIC = 2.9
R112.2k
M12SK3869
+
C1SMH200VN270-22AIC = 141.4
LpLp
1
2
C6
6800p
+
C23RJJ-35V221MG5-T20IC = 23.9
C240.22u
C447uIC = 16.524
PC1TLP281
C80.22uIC = 2.42
LsNsp*Nsp*Lp
1
2
Vin_dc
LsubNsubp*Nsubp*Lp
1
2
Vin_dc L21
8RHB
IC2TL431
Rs_Lp
0.15
3. Design Considerations
15All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010
+VDS-
VOUT
Lp =650uHNP:NS:NSUB = 125:24:14
VIN ,DC
-VRO+
3.1 DC Link Voltage VIN,DC
AnalysisTime Domain (Transient)
Run to time: 500msStart saving data after: 0Maximum step size: 10us
.OptionsRELTOL: 0.01VNTOL: 1.0mABSTOL: 100.0nCHGTOL: 1pGMIN: 1.0E-12ITL1: 500ITL2: 200ITL4: 20
• The simulation result shows the peak values of the ripple of DC link voltage VIN,DC.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 16
Minimum VIN ,DC = 139V
Maximum VIN ,DC = 154V
VLINE, = 110Vac
3.2 Reflected Voltage VRO
AnalysisTime Domain (Transient)
Run to time: 60msStart saving data after: 40msMaximum step size: 100ns
.OptionsRELTOL: 0.01VNTOL: 1.0mABSTOL: 100.0nCHGTOL: 0.1pGMIN: 1.0E-12ITL1: 500ITL2: 200ITL4: 20
• This figure shows the waveform of the drain voltage of flyback converter compared to the VDC,IN.• When M1 is turned off ,VDS = VDC,IN + VRO
• VRO is the voltage reflected to the primary, the value is approximately VOUT / N ,which N=NS/NP
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 17
VDC,IN
VDS(M1) = VDC,IN + VRO = 283V
VRO = 153.71V
Zoomed
VDS(M1)VDC,IN
3.3 Transformer Primary Side Inductance LP
AnalysisTime Domain (Transient)
Run to time: 60msStart saving data after: 40msMaximum step size: 100ns
.OptionsRELTOL: 0.01VNTOL: 1.0mABSTOL: 100.0nCHGTOL: 0.1pGMIN: 1.0E-12ITL1: 500ITL2: 200ITL4: 20
• This figure shows the waveforms of ID(M1) and IF(D21 ) in the DCM mode. The peak currents are obtained.• The primary-side inductance (LP) of the transformer determines the converter operation mode.• Once the duty ratio is determined by the equation (1), LP is obtained as the equation (3)• Which the maximum load is 2A (VO=24V, RL=12Ω). At VIN,dc=141V and fs=30kHz ,this equation calls for Lp,DCM <
1.52mH.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 18
V(PWM_OUT)
ΟNΤΤ
ID(M1) = VDC,IN TON /Lp= 2.34A
Discontinuous current
IF(D21) = 11.667A
3.4 Transformer Turn Ratio
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 19
Which the maximum load current is 2A (VO=24V, RL=12Ω). • At VF(D21)≅0.6V and VRO=129V ,this equation calls for NP:NS = 125:24. • At VF(Dsub)≅0.6V and VCC=14V (more than VCC,OFF of FA5311BP) ,this equation calls for
NS:NSUB = 24:14.
The turn ratio between the primary side and the secondary side is obtained as:
The turn ratio between the primary side and the auxiliary side is obtained as:
RO
DFOUT
P
S
VVV
NN )21(+
= (4)
)21(
)(
DFOUT
DsubFCC
S
SUB
VVVV
NN
+
+= (5)
3.4 Transformer Turn Ratio
AnalysisTime Domain (Transient)
Run to time: 60msStart saving data after: 40msMaximum step size: 100ns
.OptionsRELTOL: 0.01VNTOL: 1.0mABSTOL: 100.0nCHGTOL: 0.1pGMIN: 1.0E-12ITL1: 500ITL2: 200ITL4: 20
• This figure shows the waveforms of the voltages at each side of the transformer.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 20
VP
VS
VSUB
VP = 275V
VS = 52.8V
VSUB = 30.8V
3.5 Transformer leakage inductance
LSOP
LSSP
LLk
,
,1−=
)1( 2kLL Pleak −⋅=
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 21
• k is the SPICE primitive which describes the coupling ratio between a primary and a secondary.
• LP,LSS is the Inductance value of primary winding when the secondary winding is shorted.• LP,LSS is the Inductance value of primary winding when the secondary winding is opened.
(6)
(7)
• To model the transformer (or coupled inductors), we can use the SPICE primitive k ,which describes the coupling ratio between a primary and a secondary.
• The k value is obtained as:
• The leakage inductance of the transformer Lleak is describe as equation:
0
D21SF6L20U
ESR2133m
PARAMETERS:Np = 125Ns = 24
Lp = 650uHNsub = 14
Nsp = Ns/NpNsubp = Nsub/NpK = 0.996055
S
R24680
R25330k
ESL216.3nH
1
2
R221.8k
K K1
COUPLING = KK_Linear
L1 = LpL2 = LsL3 = Lsub
VacFREQ = 50HzVAMPL = 110*1.4142PHASE = 30
D1
D2SBA60
1 2 3 4
D4
MUR160
R262.2k
PC1_K
R9100
R72.2
C447uIC = 22
DZ1
MTZJ24B
R80.22
C50.047uIC = 3.37
R122k
IC1FA5311BP
1 2 3 4
5678
C21890uF
C71500p
IC = 2.9
0
R10
5.6k
R232.2k
R6
220
PC1_A
C6
6800p
PC1_K
R5220
ESR2233m
ESL226.3nH
1
2
C22890uF
C20.022uR2
33k
R272.2k
C3150p
OUT
RL12
G
D
R34.7k
R4220
R2118k
D3ERA91-02
D2ERA91-02
PC1_A
R112.2k
M12SK3869
+
C1SMH200VN270-22AIC = 154
LpLp
1
2
+
C23RJJ-35V221MG5-T20IC = 23.9
C240.22u
PC1TLP281
LsNsp*Nsp*Lp
1
2
LsubNsubp*Nsubp*Lp
1
2
L21
8RHB
Rs_Lp
0.15
A
K
REFIC2NJM431
C80.22uIC = 2.42
3.5 Transformer leakage inductance
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 22
SPICE primitive k
Which LP is 650uH , Lleak is 5.1184uH for k=0.996055 and 25.74uH for k=0.98.
3.5 Transformer leakage inductance
AnalysisTime Domain (Transient)
Run to time: 1000usStart saving data after: 0Maximum step size: 80ns
Sweep variable Global parameter: k Value list: 0.996055, 0.98
.OptionsRELTOL: 0.01VNTOL: 1.0mABSTOL: 100.0nCHGTOL: 0.1pGMIN: 1.0E-12ITL1: 500ITL2: 200ITL4: 20
• Simulation result shows that the smaller Lleak gets lower VDS peak voltage ,that means better design margin from the MOSFET VDSS
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 23
M1: VDSS=450V VDS,peak = 418V (for Lleak=25.74uH)
VDS,peak = 331V (for Lleak=5.1184uH)
M1: VDS(t)
0
D21SF6L20U
ESR2133m
PARAMETERS:Np = 125Ns = 24
Lp = 650uHNsub = 14
Nsp = Ns/NpNsubp = Nsub/NpK = 0.996055
S
R24680
R25330k
ESL216.3nH
1
2
R221.8k
PARAMETERS:Cclp = 0.022u
K K1
COUPLING = KK_Linear
L1 = LpL2 = LsL3 = Lsub
VacFREQ = 50HzVAMPL = 110*1.4142PHASE = 30
D1
D2SBA60
1 2 3 4
D4
MUR160
R262.2k
PC1_K
R9100
R72.2
C447uIC = 22
DZ1
MTZJ24B
R80.22
C50.047uIC = 3.37
R122k
IC1FA5311BP
1 2 3 4
5678
C21890uF
C71500p
IC = 2.9
0
R10
5.6k
R232.2k
R6
220
PC1_A
C6
6800p
PC1_K
R5220
ESR2233m
ESL226.3nH
1
2
C22890uF
C2CclpR2
33k
R272.2k
C3150p
OUT
RL12
G
D
R34.7k
R4220
R2118k
D3ERA91-02
D2ERA91-02
PC1_A
R112.2k
M12SK3869
+
C1SMH200VN270-22AIC = 154
LpLp
1
2
+
C23RJJ-35V221MG5-T20IC = 23.9
C240.22u
PC1TLP281
LsNsp*Nsp*Lp
1
2
LsubNsubp*Nsubp*Lp
1
2
L21
8RHB
Rs_Lp
0.15
A
K
REFIC2NJM431
C80.22uIC = 2.42
3.6 RCD Clamping network
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 24
RCD Clamping Network CCLP
3.6 RCD Clamping network
AnalysisTime Domain (Transient)
Run to time: 500usStart saving data after: 0Maximum step size: 40ns
Sweep variable Global parameter: Cclp Value list: 0.022u, 1000p
.OptionsRELTOL: 0.01VNTOL: 1.0mABSTOL: 100.0nCHGTOL: 0.1pGMIN: 1.0E-12ITL1: 500ITL2: 200ITL4: 20
• Simulation result shows VDS peak voltages for the CCLP(C2) = 0.022uF and 1000pF.• A larger CCLP value gets lower VDS peak voltage ,that means better design margin from the
MOSFET VDSS
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 25
M1: VDSS=450V
VDS,peak = 332V (for CCLP = 0.022uF)
M1: VDS(t)
VDS,peak = 374V (for CCLP = 1000pF)
0
D21SF6L20U
ESR2133m
PARAMETERS:Np = 125Ns = 24
Lp = 650uHNsub = 14
Nsp = Ns/NpNsubp = Nsub/NpK = 0.996055
S
R24680
R25330k
ESL216.3nH
1
2
K K1
COUPLING = KK_Linear
L1 = LpL2 = LsL3 = Lsub
VacFREQ = 50HzVAMPL = 110*1.4142
PHASE = 30
D1
D2SBA60
1 2 3 4
D4
MUR160
R262.2k
PC1_K
R9100
R72.2
DZ1
MTZJ24B
R80.22
C50.047uIC = 3.37
R122k
IC1FA5311BP
1 2 3 4
5678
C21890uF
C3150p
0
R10
5.6k
R232.2k
R6
220
PC1_A
PC1_K
R5220
ESR2233m
ESL226.3nH
1
2
C22890uF
C20.022uR2
33k
R272.2k
OUT
RL12
G
D
R34.7k
R4220
R2118k
D3ERA91-02
D2ERA91-02
PC1_A
C71500pIC = 2.9
R112.2k
M12SK3869
+
C1SMH200VN270-22AIC = 141.4
LpLp
1
2
C6
6800p
+
C23RJJ-35V221MG5-T20IC = 23.9
C240.22u
C447uIC = 16.524
PC1TLP281
R221.9k
C80.22uIC = 2.42
LsNsp*Nsp*Lp
1
2
A
K
REFIC2NJM431
Vin_dc
LsubNsubp*Nsubp*Lp
1
2
Vin_dc L21
8RHB
Rs_Lp
0.15
4. MOSFET Switching Device M1
26All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010
+VDS- ID
4.1 M1 Voltage and Current Stresses
AnalysisTime Domain (Transient)
Run to time: 500msStart saving data after: 0Maximum step size: 10us
.OptionsRELTOL: 0.01VNTOL: 1.0mABSTOL: 100.0nCHGTOL: 0.1pGMIN: 1.0E-12ITL1: 500ITL2: 200ITL4: 20
• Simulation result shows the VDS(M1) peak voltage and the ID(M1) peak current.• The voltage and current should not exceed the maximum rating of the device M1 (2SK3869:
VDSS=450V , ID,max=10A).
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 27
VPEAK = 333V
IPEAK = 2.6A
Vin_dc(t)
VDS(M1)(t)
ID(M1)(t)
VOUT_24Vdc(t)
4.2 Losses in M1
AnalysisTime Domain (Transient)
Run to time: 60msStart saving data after: 40msMaximum step size: 100ns
.OptionsRELTOL: 0.01VNTOL: 1.0mABSTOL: 100.0nCHGTOL: 0.1pGMIN: 1.0E-12ITL1: 500ITL2: 200ITL4: 20
• Simulation results shows waveforms of ID and VDS of MOSFET M1. Switching power loss and average power loss are also shown.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 28
Loss(AVG) = 4.64[W]
VDS(t)
ID(t)
Switching loss (turn-off)
Switching loss (turn-on) Conduction loss
(VDS x ID)
PLOSS_(M1)(t)
4.3 MOSFET Model
Measured Simulated %Error
Fall time (tf) 40(ns) 38.976(ns) -2.56
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 29
VDS(t)VGS(t)
tf
90%VDS
10%
• This figure shows the verification of the MOSFET model with measured fall time characteristics ,that is the key to accurate PLOSS_(M1) simulation.
0
D21SF6L20U
ESR2133m
PARAMETERS:Np = 125Ns = 24
Lp = 650uHNsub = 14
Nsp = Ns/NpNsubp = Nsub/NpK = 0.996055
S
R24680
R25330k
ESL216.3nH
1
2
K K1
COUPLING = KK_Linear
L1 = LpL2 = LsL3 = Lsub
VacFREQ = 50HzVAMPL = 110*1.4142
PHASE = 30
D1
D2SBA60
1 2 3 4
D4
MUR160
R262.2k
PC1_K
R9100
R72.2
DZ1
MTZJ24B
R80.22
C50.047uIC = 3.37
R122k
IC1FA5311BP
1 2 3 4
5678
C21890uF
C3150p
0
R10
5.6k
R232.2k
R6
220
PC1_A
PC1_K
R5220
ESR2233m
ESL226.3nH
1
2
C22890uF
C20.022uR2
33k
R272.2k
OUT
RL12
G
D
R34.7k
R4220
R2118k
D3ERA91-02
D2ERA91-02
PC1_A
C71500pIC = 2.9
R112.2k
M12SK3869
+
C1SMH200VN270-22AIC = 141.4
LpLp
1
2
C6
6800p
+
C23RJJ-35V221MG5-T20IC = 23.9
C240.22u
C447uIC = 16.524
PC1TLP281
R221.9k
C80.22uIC = 2.42
LsNsp*Nsp*Lp
1
2
A
K
REFIC2NJM431
Vin_dc
LsubNsubp*Nsubp*Lp
1
2
Vin_dc L21
8RHB
Rs_Lp
0.15
5. Output Rectifier Diode D21
30All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010
- +VKA
IF
5.1 D21 Voltage and Current Stresses
AnalysisTime Domain (Transient)
Run to time: 500msStart saving data after: 0Maximum step size: 10us
.OptionsRELTOL: 0.01VNTOL: 1.0mABSTOL: 100.0nCHGTOL: 0.1pGMIN: 1.0E-12ITL1: 500ITL2: 200ITL4: 20
• Simulation result shows the VKA(D21) peak voltage and the IF(D21) peak current.• The voltage and current should not exceed the maximum rating of the device D21 (SF6L20U :
VRM=200V ,IO=6A ,and IOFSM=80A).
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 31
VPEAK = 99.5V
IPEAK = 18A
VKA(D21)(t)
IF(D21)(t)
VOUT_24Vdc(t)
5.2 Losses in D21
AnalysisTime Domain (Transient)
Run to time: 60msStart saving data after: 40msMaximum step size: 100ns
.OptionsRELTOL: 0.01VNTOL: 1.0mABSTOL: 100.0nCHGTOL: 0.1pGMIN: 1.0E-12ITL1: 500ITL2: 200ITL4: 20
• Simulation results shows waveforms of IF and VKA of diode D21. Switching power loss and average power loss are also shown.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 32
Loss(AVG) = 1.92[W]
VKA(t)IF(t)
Peak magnitude current
Conduction loss (VF,AK x IF)
PLOSS_(D21)(t)
0
D21SF6L20U
ESR2133m
PARAMETERS:Np = 125Ns = 24
Lp = 650uHNsub = 14
Nsp = Ns/NpNsubp = Nsub/NpK = 0.996055
S
R24680
R25330k
ESL216.3nH
1
2
K K1
COUPLING = KK_Linear
L1 = LpL2 = LsL3 = Lsub
VacFREQ = 50HzVAMPL = 110*1.4142
PHASE = 30
D1
D2SBA60
1 2 3 4
D4
MUR160
R262.2k
PC1_K
R9100
R72.2
DZ1
MTZJ24B
R80.22
C50.047uIC = 3.37
R122k
IC1FA5311BP
1 2 3 4
5678
C21890uF
C3150p
0
R10
5.6k
R232.2k
R6
220
PC1_A
PC1_K
R5220
ESR2233m
ESL226.3nH
1
2
C22890uF
C20.022uR2
33k
R272.2k
OUT
RL12
G
D
R34.7k
R4220
R2118k
D3ERA91-02
D2ERA91-02
PC1_A
C71500pIC = 2.9
R112.2k
M12SK3869
+
C1SMH200VN270-22AIC = 141.4
LpLp
1
2
C6
6800p
+
C23RJJ-35V221MG5-T20IC = 23.9
C240.22u
C447uIC = 16.524
PC1TLP281
C80.22uIC = 2.42
R221.9k
LsNsp*Nsp*Lp
1
2
A
K
REFIC2NJM431
Vin_dc
LsubNsubp*Nsubp*Lp
1
2
Vin_dc L21
8RHB
Rs_Lp
0.15
6. Output Capacitor C21 and C22
33All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010
+ VCE-
IF
IF
IC21 IC22
VC21
6. Output Capacitor C21 and C22
AnalysisTime Domain (Transient)
Run to time: 60msStart saving data after: 40msMaximum step size: 100ns
.OptionsRELTOL: 0.01VNTOL: 1.0mABSTOL: 100.0nCHGTOL: 0.1pGMIN: 1.0E-12ITL1: 500ITL2: 200ITL4: 20
• Simulation results shows waveforms of IF(D21) , IC21+IC22 and VC21,RIPPLE.• VRIPPLE is mostly caused by ESR ,that the value is 33mΩ for C21 and C22. If the VRIPPLE(240mV)
doesn’t meet the ripple specification ,additional LC filter stages can be used.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 34
VC21(t)
IF(D21)
IC21(t)+IC22(t)
IF(D21)(t)
( IC21 +IC22 )
VRIPPLE = IC ESR = 240mV
6. Output Capacitor C21 and C22
AnalysisTime Domain (Transient)
Run to time: 60msStart saving data after: 40msMaximum step size: 100ns
.OptionsRELTOL: 0.01VNTOL: 1.0mABSTOL: 100.0nCHGTOL: 0.1pGMIN: 1.0E-12ITL1: 500ITL2: 200ITL4: 20
• Simulation results shows the spike voltage ,that caused by ESL effect of C21 and C22. • In case the manufacturer doesn’t provide this data ,ESR and ESL are measured by Precision
Impedance Analyzer.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 35
VC21(t)
IF(D21)
IC21(t)+IC22(t)
IF(D21)(t)
( IC21 +IC22 )
Spike Voltage
0
D21SF6L20U
ESR2133m
PARAMETERS:Np = 125Ns = 24
Lp = 650uHNsub = 14
Nsp = Ns/NpNsubp = Nsub/NpK = 0.996055
S
R24680
R25330k
ESL216.3nH
1
2
R221.9k
K K1
COUPLING = KK_Linear
L1 = LpL2 = LsL3 = Lsub
VacFREQ = 50HzVAMPL = 110*1.4142
D1
D2SBA60
1 2 3 4
D4
MUR160
R262.2k
PC1_K
R9100
R72.2
DZ1
MTZJ24B
R80.22
R122k
IC1FA5311BP
1 2 3 4
5678
C21890uF
0
R10
5.6k
C447u
R232.2k
R6
220
PC1_A
C6
6800p
PC1_K
R5220
ESR2233m
ESL226.3nH
1
2
C22890uF
C20.022uR2
33k
R272.2k
C3150p
OUT
RL12
G
D
R34.7k
R4220
R2118k
D3ERA91-02
D2ERA91-02
PC1_A
R112.2k
M12SK3869
+
C1SMH200VN270-22AIC = 0
LpLp
1
2
+
C23RJJ-35V221MG5-T20IC = 0
C50.047u
C240.22u
PC1TLP281
C71500p
LsNsp*Nsp*Lp
1
2
LsubNsubp*Nsubp*Lp
1
2
L21
8RHB
Rs_Lp
0.15
A
K
REFIC2NJM431
C80.22uIC = 0
7. Photocoupler PC1
36All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010
+ VCE-
IF
7. Photocoupler PC1
AnalysisTime Domain (Transient)
Run to time: 500msStart saving data after: 0Maximum step size: 10us
.OptionsRELTOL: 0.01VNTOL: 1.0mABSTOL: 100.0nCHGTOL: 0.1pGMIN: 1.0E-12ITL1: 500ITL2: 200ITL4: 20
• When the power supply output reach the spec voltage (24V), a shunt regulator draws current through photorcouple (IF(PC1)).
• Then the current IF(PC1) is coupled to the collector current of the photocoupler IC(PC1). This causes FB pin voltage to decreases ,So the IC can control the output voltage of the power supply.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 37
IC(PC1)(t)
IF(PC1)(t)
VOUT_24Vdc(t)
VFB(IC1)(t)
When VOUT reaches 24V ,IF(PC1) starts flowing.
Then the current is coupled to IC(PC1).
VFB(IC1) is dropped as the current flows through the IC(PC1).
Simulation Index (1/2)
Slide # Folder
1. Background1.1 Flyback Converter....................................................................1.2 Current Waveforms..................................................................1.3 Equations.................................................................................
2. Specification...................................................................................2.1 Output Voltage..........................................................................2.2 Output Current..........................................................................2.3 Steady State Initial Conditions..................................................2.4 Output Ripple Voltage...............................................................2.5 Efficiency..................................................................................
3. Design Consideration......................................................................3.1 DC Link Voltage VDC,IN..............................................................3.2 Reflected Voltage VRO..............................................................3.3 Transformer Primary Side Inductance LP..................................3.4 Transformer Turn Ratio.............................................................3.5 Transformer Leakage Inductance Lleak......................................3.6 RCD Clamping Network...........................................................
4. MOSFET Switching Device M1.......................................................4.1 M1 Voltage and Current Stresses.............................................4.2 Losses in M1.............................................................................4.3 MOSFET Model........................................................................
4-678910111213141516171819-2021-2324-2526272829
TRANSTRANS
STEADYSTEADY
TRANSSTEADYSTEADYSTEADYLEAKCLAMP
TRANSSTEADY
38All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010
Simulation Index (2/2)
Slide # Folder
5. Output Rectifier Diode D21...............................................................5.1 D21 Voltage and Current Stresses............................................5.2 Losses in D21............................................................................
6. Output Capacitor C21 and C22..........................................................7. Photocoupler PC1............................................................................
30313233-3536-37
TRANSSTEADYSTEADYTRANS
39All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010