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Design of Solar Lighting System for Energy Saving
Irfan Ullah Department of Information and Communication Engineering Myongji university, Yongin, South Korea
International Conference on Modeling and Simulation 2013
Copyright © solarlits.com
Contents
1. Introduction2. Objective3. Background4. Design of the proposed system5. Light transmission through optical fibers6. Simulation and results7. Conclusions and Future Work
1/21
• Energy consumption• In USA, 40.4% of total energy is used in
buildings (EIA 2012)• In South Korea, 46% of total energy is
consumed in buildings (EIA 2007)
Introduction
Top 10 emitting countries in 2009, IEA 2011Energy supply USA, EIA Annual Energy Review 20092/21
• Energy use by residential buildings vary significantly by region
• Lighting is a major source of energy consumption in buildings
• Saving electric lighting energy consumption is one of the objectives of sustainable buildings
Introduction
Residential end-use energy consumption, WBCSD 20093/21
Daylighting
• Daylight provides healthy environment• Daylighting illuminates interior• Daylighting system (active and passive)• Capturing and delivering daylight• Hybrid daylighting system• Daylight + Artificial light
“Daylight building can reduce electric lighting energy consumption by 50–80%” (U.S. Green Building Council) Overview of daylighting
4/21
Sunlight directFiber optic mini dish system
Background
• Sunlight transmission through optical fibers using• Parabolic reflector and Fresnel lens
• Non-uniform illumination
Himawari solar lighting system
5/21
Background - Nonuniformity
Parabolic reflector with Flat reflector
Parabolic reflector withHyperbola reflector
Fresnel lens
Non-uniform Non-uniform Low illuminance6/21
Background
• Hybrid daylighting systems• Beam splitter• Costly• Non-uniformity
Hybrid daylighting system (lighting + photovoltaic)
Hybrid lighting and photovoltaic)To use low efficient concentrated PV area for daylight
7/21
Our previous hardware design
Setup of the sunlight collecting system
• Uniform illumination
• Difficult to arrange 2nd reflector
• Issue of shadow due to 2nd reflector• Reduces illuminance
Journal of the Optical Society of Korea 16(3), 247-255 (2012) 8/21
Objective
• Concentration of sunlight through• Parabolic reflector
• Collimated light for optical fibers• Uniform illumination at• Capturing stage• Distribution stage
• Use of low cost plastic optical fiber• Reducing CO2 emission
Parabolic reflector
9/21
Design of the daylighting system
Design using parabolic reflector
10/21
Light Transmission
• Area of the room = 16x4 m• Silica optical fiber (SOF)• Length of single SOF = 130 mm• Plastic optical fiber (POF)• Length of single POF = 10 m
Optical fibers with index matchingOptical fiber bundle
ncladding = 1.40ncore = 1.457
ncladding = 1.40ncore = 1.49
Refractive index
11/21
54 fibers
Light Distribution
• One bundle: 19 optical fibers• Illumination area for one bundle = 16x4 m• Light distribution• Biconcave lens and concavo convex lens• Focal length of the lens
• r1 and r2 are radii• n is refractive index, which is 1.459
Behavior of the incident light on the diffuser lens
Bundle of optical fibers12/21
Simulation
Candle power distribution curveUniform illumination over fiber bundle
• Daylighting simulation• LightTools®, DIALuxTM, and SolidWorksTM
• Uniform illumination into each optical fiber
13/21
Interior view
Floor plan of test room
• 6 bundles of optical fibers• 6 LED light sources
Section view of room’s interior14/21
Indoor illuminance distribution
Daylight distribution on working plan
dS : Surface areadF : Luminus flux on the surface
15/21
Illuminance (lx)
Indoor illuminance
Indoor illuminance distribution
16/21
Indoor lighting simulation
Hybrid daylighting system
• LED light• OSRAMTM LW-W5AM, 130 lm/W• 26 LEDS with one reflector • Achieving illuminance of 500 lx at all times
LEDs with parabolic reflector
Arrangement of LEDs
Illuminance on working plane17/21
Economics
• Cost of parabolic reflector = $200• Cost of tracking modules = $200
• Total optical fibers = 54• Total length of SOF = 16.2 m• Cost of SOF = $1.2/m• Total cost of SOFs = $ 19.44
• Total length of POF = 10 m• Cost of POF = $0.514/m• Total cost of POFs = $ 278
18/21
Conclusions
• Fiber-based daylighting system can be used to illuminate office buildings uniformly
• Possible to insert uniform light into each optical fiber• Heat problem is reduced
• Achieving more than 500 lx at all times
• Hybrid system by combining LED light and daylight• Better illumination levels
• Save more than 40% electric lighting energy consumption in buildings
• Low-cost system (using POFs)19/21
Future work
• Integrating solar cells with the system
• Producing electricity by solar cells when daylight is not needed
• Use of transmission media (light pipe or optical fiber) to transmit light at long distance• Should be low-cost
20/21
References
1. I. Ullah and S. Shin, “Development of Optical Fiber-Based Daylighting System with Uniform Illumination,” J. Opt. Soc. Korea 16, 247-255 (2012).
2. I. Ullah and S. Shin, "Uniformly Illuminated Efficient Daylighting System," Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 161-166 (2013).
3. C. Tsuei, W. Sun, and C. Kuo, “Hybrid sunlight/LED illumination and renewable solar energy saving concepts for indoor lighting,” Opt. Express 18, A640-A653 (2010).
4. V. E. Gilmore, “Sun flower over Tokyo,” Popular Science, Bonnier Corporation, America, 1988.
5. D. Feuermann, J. M. Gordon, “SOLAR FIBER-OPTIC MINI-DISHES: A NEW APPROACH TO THE EFFICIENT COLLECTION OF SUNLIGHT,” Sol. Energy. 65, 159-170 (1999).
6. D. Feuermann, J. M. Gordon, M. Huleihil, “Solar fiber-optic mini-dish concentrators: first experimental results and field experience,” Sol. Energy. 72, 459-472 (2002).
7. A. Kribus, O. Zik, J. Karni, “Optical fibers and solar power generation,” Sol. Energy. 68, 405-416 (2000).
8. C. Kandilli and K. Ulgen, “Review and modelling the systems of transmission concentrated solar energy via optical fibres,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13, 67-84 (2009).
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Irfan UllahDept. of Info. and Comm. EngineeringMyongji University, Yongin, South KoreaEmail: [email protected]: sl.avouch.org
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