DESIGN OF WIND

GENERATOR

DESIGN OF WIND GENERATOR

PRESENTED BYINDRAJIT CHAUHANGAUTAM JANGIDPIYUSH KHINVASARAR YESODHARAN

PROJECT GUIDEPROF. J.V. SATRE

INTRODUCTION A permanent magnet generator'(PMG) is also called an

'alternator', because it generates alternating current (AC).

The generator output is converted into 'direct current'

(DC) for charging a 12 volt battery.

This conversion is done with the help of a rectifier .

Mechanical power is converted into electrical power with

the help of electromagnetic induction

MAIN PARTS OF PMDC GENERATOR

The main parts of pmdc generator are stator , rotor ,

hub, yaw bearings ( base).

Stator consists of ten copper coils, having 80 number of

turns each .

There are 2 rotors , each rotor consists of 12 magnets .

Stator lies between two rotors which are mounted on the

hub

Type of magnet which we have used is neodymium

magnets of grade N35.

ROTOR DESIGN

The magnet rotors consists of 12” [300 mm ] diameter discs ,made out of steel plates .

12 magnets are mounted on each magnet plate

They are encapsulated in a polyester resin (epoxy)

They are mounted in such a way that magnets face each other

There is a small gap between these facing

Stator will be mounted in this gap

MOUNTING OF MAGNETS

The Neodymium Iron Boron blocks are magnetised

through their thickness so as to produce a north pole on

one face and a south pole on the other.

North and south poles attract each other.

Each time a magnet block is placed, hold it above its

neighbour just previously placed. It should be

repelled.

If it is attracted, then turn it over and try again. If it is

repelled then place it into its slot without turning it

over again.

This will ensure that it has different polarity from the

previous block.

Check all the magnets in position periodically with a

magnet in your fist.

Your fist should be alternately attracted and repelled

as you progress around the circle. Hold on tight!

When it comes to fitting magnets to the second disk

you must ensure that the magnets opposite the index

mark will be of opposite polarity.

This will ensure that the magnet rotors will attract

each other.

PUTTING IT TOGETHER

Fig. No. 5.7 Assembly of Rotor

STATOR DESIGN

The ten coils are nearly fit into a flat mould.

They are encapsulated with epoxy.

The stator will have a hole in the middle through which

the five studs supporting the rotor will pass.

Gauge of the copper wire used to make the coils is 1.5mm

,80 turns for 12V.

Cut two sheets of Fiberglass cloth to fit inside the mould.

Shape of the cloth is similar to stator shape.

LAYOUT

STATOR THEORY

Coils embedded within it are dimensioned such as to encircle the flux from one magnet pole at a time.

As the magnet blocks pass a coil, the flux through the coil alternates in direction.

This induces an alternating voltage in each turn of the coil. The voltage is proportional to the rate of change of flux.

Voltage therefore depends on:

1.the speed of rotation

2.the density of the flux

3.the number of turns in the coil.

The number of turns of wire in each coil is used to control the speed of the wind turbine.

If the number of turns is large, then the output will reach battery voltage and start to charge the battery at a low rotational speed (rpm).

Calculation of Wind Power

•Power in the wind

– Effect of swept area, A

– Effect of wind speed, V

– Effect of air density, R

Swept Area: A = πR2 Area of the circle swept by the rotor (m2).

Power in the Wind = ½ρAV3

Economic and Social Advantages

• Revitalizes rural

economies

• Fewer subsidies

• Free fuel

• Price stability

• Promotes cost-effective

energy production

• Creates jobs

Environmental Advantages

• Clean water

• Clean air

• Mining & transportation

• Land preservation

Other Disadvantages

• A variable resource: the wind is not always

as strong as needed

• Killings of birds

• Lot of land is required

• Initial cost is more

• Requires maintenance

CONCLUSION

From the report we studied that wind has a lot of potential in it and if properly harnessed then it can help solve the energy crises in the world.

The study of wind turbine and its characteristics showed that how it can be properly designed and used to get the maximum output.

The power electronic circuitries have helped the concept of wind power a lot. Without them this concept would have been too expensive and farfetched.

With the rectifiers being used not only the operations have been smoothened but also the efficiency has been increased to a great extent.

This report also showed the integration of wind farms with

the transmission grid and the problems associated with it

and the probable solutions that can be applied to solve

them and have a better performance.

We have made this project from the materials which are

easily available in market. It is a cost efficient project with

low maintenance. Installation of this type of model is also

very easy. Efficiency of our model is also very good. And

this would help us to curb the problem of load shedding.

Thus we have made a cheap and efficient wind generator

having the following rating.

Power=300 watt

Voltage=12 volts

Current=25 amps

Minimum wind speed require = 3m/s

Approximately 169 rpm.