Date post: | 01-Jun-2015 |
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Designer Drug Tests Solutionsfor Employers
SYNTHETIC MARIJUANA UPDATE
K2/Spice
K2/Spice
Marijuana
Most popular recreational drug after alcohol and tobacco.
Main psychoactive component THC
#1 Drug in the DRE program
Some 25 million Americans have smoked marijuana in the past year, and more than 14 million do so regularly.
Possession and use illegal under federal law, but states have variable policies on enforcement and prosecution.
6.8% of Friday and Saturday evening drivers test positive for use.
K2/Spice
What is K2/Spice?•Synthetic chemicals that look to the brain like marijuana.•Sprayed onto plant material for smoking.•Give marijuana-like high•Sold online and in headshops•Legal grey area
K2/Spice
• Chemicals used change frequently.
• Different products with same name contain different chemicals.
• The same product from the same manufacturer contains different drug, lot to lot.
K2/Spice
Synthetic Cannabinoids 2010• JWH-018• JWH-073• CP 47, 497 (C7)• CP 47,497 (C8)• HU-210
Synthetic Cannabinoid 2012
JWH-007JWH-015JWH-018JWH-018 methyl hexyl homologJWH-019JWH-073JWH-073 methyl butyl homologJWH-081JWH-122JWH-133JWH-175JWH-200JWH-201JWH-203JWH-210JWH-250JWH-251JWH-302JWH-398
CP 47, 497 (C7)CP 47,497 (C8) CP 55,940AM-694AM-1220AM-1241AM-2201AM-2233RCS-4RCS-8WIN 48,098 (Pravadoline)WIN 55,212-2WIN 55,212-3CB-25CB-52
HU-210HU-211HU-308HU-331JT-7770
Legal Status - FederalTemporary Scheduling3/1/2011 – Synthetic Cannabinoids–JWH-018–JWH-073–JWH-200–CP47,497 (C7)–CP47,497 (C8)
Marijuana/K2 EffectsRed eyes / bloodshotBurning of the eyes Xerostomia (dry mouth) TachycardiaChanges in perception/mood Balance and CoordinationHallucinations Sedation Subjective thought disruption/loss of concentrationImpaired sense of timeSelf assessed impairment ArrhythmiasSeizures/ConvulsionsPanic AttacksParanoia and AnxietySickness
K2/Spice Prevalence
NFLIS, Oct 2011
Calls to Poison Control Centers
K2/Spice Behavioral Effects
K2/Spice and Lethality
Synthetic Cannabinoid Metabolites Screen - Expanded, Urine (Forensic) Test (9562U)
• JWH-018 N-(4-hydroxypentyl) metabolite• JWH-018 N-(5-hydroxypentyl) metabolite• JWH-019 N-(5-hydroxyhexyl) metabolite• JWH-073 N-(3-hydroxybutyl) metabolite• JWH-073 N-(4-hydroxybutyl) metabolite• JWH-250 N-(4-hydroxypentyl) metabolite• AM-2201 N-(4-hydroxypentyl) metabolite
OO
N
OH
Urine K2/Spice – Expanded Scope
Urine K2/Spice - Positivity
Blood K2/Spice - Positivity
“BATH SALTS” UPDATE
Designer Drugs1980’s
-methylfentanyl, MPPP, MDMA,
1990’s, early 2000’s
PMA, rise of methamphetamine
Growth of the Internet
Beginnings of the “Research Chemicals” or “New Psychedelic” Movement.
Mid 2000’s
AMT, DMT, 5-MeO-DiPT
Khat, cathinone, methcathinone
Designer Stimulants and Hallucinogens
2008-2012
Benzylpiperazines (6+)BZP, TFMPP, m-CPP
“Bath Salts”-Keto amphetamines (30+)
Ephedrone, mephedrone, methylone, methedrone…
Phenethylamines (2C suite) (15+)
2C-B, 2C-E, 2C-I, 2C-B, 2C-T-7,…
Pyrrolidophenones (pyrovalerones) (20+)
-PVP, MDPV, PPP,…
Designer Stimulants and Hallucinogens
Bath Salts Products
Bath Salts Effects
ExcitementEuphoriaTachycardiaIncreased pupil sizeRapid SpeechMotor RestlessnessAnxietyParanoia
Mood Changes
Withdrawal/DepressionDelusionsHallucinationsSeizures/ConvulsionsDeath
MethEcstasy Bath Salts
Bath Salts - Prevalence
NFLIS, Oct 2011
Calls to Poison Control Centers
Legal Status - FederalTemporary Scheduling10/21/2011 “Bath Salts”
–MDPV
–Mephedrone
–Methylone
Bath Salts and Depression
Bath Salts and Violence
Bath Salts Lethality
Designer Drugs - Salvia
ANABOLIC STEROIDS UPDATE
Designer Drugs
Designer Drugs
Anabolic Steroids
Mimic Effects of Testosterone and DihydrotestosteroneIncrease protein synthesisBuildup of muscleStimulate bone growthStimulate AppetiteTreat Chronic Wasting Cause acneElevate cholesterolHypertension
Heart and Liver damageGynecomastiaTesticular atrophyMood changes/DepressionAngerViolence
9305U Anabolic Steroid Assay
• Bolasterone • Boldenone • Clenbuterol • Clostebol Metabolite • Clostebol • Creatinine • Drostanolone Metabolite • Epitestosterone • Fluoxymesterone • Methandienone Metabolite • Methandienone • Methenolone • Methyltestosterone • Nandrolone Metabolite • Nandrolone
• Nandrolone
• Norandrostenedione
• Norethandrolone Metabolite
• Norethandrolone
• Norethindrone
• Oxandrolone
• Oxymetholone Metabolite
• Probenecid
• Stanozolol Metabolite
• Stanozolol
• Testosterone/Epitestosterone Ratio
• Testosterone
• Tetrahydrogestrinone
• Trenbolone Metabolite
• Turinabol
Urine Detection Times for Steroids
Compound DetectionClenbuterol ~4 daysTestosterone Undecanoate ~1 WeekTestosterone Propionate ~ 2weeksOxandrolone ~ 3 WeeksOral Stanozolol ~ 3 Weeksmethandienone ~ 3 WeeksNoretadrolone ~ 3 WeeksOxymetholone ~2 monthsInjectable Stanozolol ~2 monthsBoldenone ~ 5 monthsTrenbolone ~ 5 monthsNandrolone ~12-18 months
Various internet sources including user input*
Most Frequently Encountered - 9305U
CompoundAbnormal Testosterone/Epi RatioNandrolone MetaboliteNandroloneNorandrostenedioneBoldenoneMethenoloneTrenbolone MetaboliteMethandienone MetaboliteStanozololMethyltestosteroneStanozolol MetaboliteMethandienone
Testosterone:Epitestosterone
RatioNormal Range, less than 4.0~3% have concentrations greater than 4.0Range: 4.1 – 420
Designer Drugs
NMS Labs Philosophy
NMS Labs is the industry leader in its ability to identify and stay current in an evolving and challenging designer drug market offering testing established and new and emerging drugs of abuse.