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1 11/18/05 JS Copyright © 2005 Ortronics/Legrand. All rights reserved.

Designing a Fiber Structured Cabling System for the Data Center

John M. Struhar, DirectorFiber SCS SolutionsOrtronics/Legrand

[email protected]

A Web Conference Presented by theTIA Fiber Optics LAN Section


TIA Fiber Optics LAN Section (FOLS)

Founded in 1993 as a Section of the TIA’s Fiber Optics Division Mission: Educate system designers, architects, consultants, engineers, contractors, end users & the media about the technical advantages that optical transmission brings to customer-owned networks Stimulates development of new fiber standards and promotes optical-based applications in customer-owned networks


Introduction to new standards-based data center & storage area network designSelecting the optimal fiber structured cabling system for your data center & storage area network

Today’s AgendaDesigning a Fiber SCS for the Data Center


Introduction to new standards-based data center & storage area network design– Information generation & storage trends

– Data center & storage area network growth

– Introduction to the new TIA-942 data center standard


2002 new information production: 5 exabytes– 1 exabyte – 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes– New digital information = 1 Library of Congress every 15 minutes

Four primary physical media– Print– Film– Magnetic– Optical

350% more information communicated than stored (2002: 18 exabytes)Four electronic channels

– Telephone– Radio– Television– Internet

Source: “How Much Information 2003?”, School of Information Management & Systems at University of California at Berkeley

New information doubled in last 3 years

New Information GenerationSignificant Annual Increases

11/18/05 JS Copyright © 2005 Ortronics/Legrand. All rights reserved.

Why is Network Traffic Growing?A Global Bandwidth “Binge”

New bandwidth intensive applications growing

62% new capacity added in 2003

42% increase in bandwidth demand in 2004

Demand for video could strain networks

Source: TeleGeography, April 2005

2002 2003

Worldw

ide Available B

andwidth


Why Are Data Center & SANs Growing?U.S. Legislation & Recommendations

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Graham-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act

U.S Federal Reserve

Securities & Exchange Commission – Rule 17a

SB 1386 - California






DefinitionsData Center & Storage Area Network

Data Center

– “The factory floor of the information age”

– ISP: Specialized facility that houses web sites & provides data serving & other services for other companies

– Enterprise: Central data processing facility and/or the group of people who manage the enterprise’s data processing & networks

Storage Area Network (SAN)

– High-speed special purpose network (or subnetwork) that interconnects different kinds of data storage devices with associated data servers on behalf of a larger network of users

– Usually located in Data Center

Source: http://www.whatis.com


The Integrated Enterprise NetworkLAN, Data Center & SAN

Physical layer– Copper & optical

fiber cabling subsystems

Interconnect devices

– Hubs, switches & directors

Translation devices– Host bus adapters– Routers– Gateways– Bridges


Data Center GrowthRapid & Significant

Large enterprise 50% yearly data growth

Undergoing major technological shifts

$7.4 billion market by 2009

Sources: Yankee Group & IDC reports, 2004 & 2005


Networked Storage GrowthOutpaces Overall Storage Market Growth

Network Attached Storage (NAS) & Storage Area Networks (SANs)

– 2004: 50% of overall storage market

– 12% CAGR vs. 5%

– 2005: 38% Fibre Channel port shipment growth

Dollars invested

– 18% of total I.T. budget

– 60% of hardware budget

Source: Dell ‘Oro Group 2005, iSuppli Corporation, 2004

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

2004 2005

Fibre Channel Port Shipments


Data Center/SAN Media MixEstimated Percentages Copper & Fiber

80%

20%

CopperFiber

Data Center Media Mix

10%

90%

CopperFiber

SAN Media Mix


Fibre Channel Technology in SANsShort Wavelength VCSELs the Dominant Device

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

8 Gbps4 Gbps2 Gbps1 Gbps

Source: High Speed Optical Data Link Modules,Market Review & Forecast, Strategies Unlimited, 2002

Fibre Channel Units in Thousands


FiberServicePlatform




FSP ManagementSuite

CWDM or DWDMover single-mode fiberChannel director Channel directorData

Center

Servers

Storage

BackupCenter

Servers

Storage

Source: Lightwave, January 2004,Todd Bundy, ADVA Optical Networking

Remote Data Centers & SANsCost-effective DWDM/CWDM Technology


Data Center Upgrade ExampleFor 50% Annual Storage Capacity Growth

10,000 ft2 data center

50% annual capacity increase typical

Doubling of floor space required every 3-5 years

Data center floor space cost: $700-1200/ft2

Upgrade cost: $8-12 million over 3 year period

Source: The Meta Group, “Room at the Data Center?” 8-01


Insufficient DC/SAN Infrastructure InvestmentThe Costs are Staggering

Ramifications– Minimized customer transactions, interactions

& sales volumes– Decreased revenues

Network downtime estimates:– Pay-per-view TV operator: $125,000 per hour– Credit card authorization company:

$2,600,000 per hour– Retail brokerage: $6,400,000 per hour

Source: Lightwave, January 2004Todd Bundy, ADVA Optical Networking






Work Area

Horizontal

Telecom Room

Backbone

Entrance Facilities

Equipment RoomAdministration

Premises Structured Cabling SystemTIA/EIA-568-B Defines 7 Subsystems


Do We Really Need Another Standard?Don’t We Already Have Too Many?


Data Center Cabling StandardsStructured Cabling Systems for the Data Centers & SANs

TIA-942– “Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard for Data Centers”– Published: April 2005– Order from Global Engineering Documents (www.global.ihs.com)

CENELEC– EN 50173-5

• “Information technology - Generic cabling systems – Part 5: Data Centres”• Expected publication: Early 2006

– EN 50174-2 Amendment• Adds Annex on Data Center planning & installation

ISO/IEC– “Generic Cabling for Data Centres – Proposed”– ISO/IEC JTC-1/SC 25/WG 3


TIA-942 Data Center StandardObjective

Requirements & guidelines for the design & installation of a data center or computer room

Intended for use by designers needing thorough understanding of data center design

Comprehensive document

Access

RedundancyElectrical designLocation

Water intrusionEnvironmental designNetwork Design

Fire protectionArchitectural designCabling


Data Center Structured Cabling System9 Elements Comprise TIA-942

1. Computer room

2. Telecommunications room

3. Entrance room

4. Main distribution area

5. Horizontal distribution area

6. Zone distribution area

7. Equipment distribution area

8. Backbone cabling

9. Horizontal cabling

Spaces

Cabling subsystems


Data Center CablingFor the Backbone & Horizontal Cabling Subsystems

Backbone subsystem (fiber)– Backbone cables– Main cross-connects– Horizontal cross-connects– Mechanical terminations– Patch cords

Horizontal subsystem (fiber or copper)

– Horizontal cables– Mechanical terminations– Patch cords– Zone outlet or consolidation point (optional)


TIA-942 Data Center StandardSupported Architectures

Basic data center topology

Distributed data center topology

Reduced data center topology

Centralized fiber optic cabling topology


Basic Data Center TopologyAnd TIA/EIA-568-B Counterparts

Entrance Room– Analogy: “Entrance Facility”

Main Distribution Area (MDA)– Analogy: “Equipment Room”

Horizontal Distribution Area (HDA)

– Analogy: “Telecom Room”Zone Distribution Area (ZDA)

– Analogy: “Consolidation Point”Equipment Distribution Area (EDA)

– Analogy: “Work Area”


Distributed Data Center TopologyWith Multiple Entrance Rooms

May be required for large data centers

Circuit distance limitations may require multiple entrance rooms

Primary entrance room has no direct connections to HDASecondary entrance room may be directly connected to HDA conditionally


Reduced Data Center TopologyFor Many Enterprise Installations

HDA combined with MDA

Telecom room can also be consolidated into MDA

Copper or fiber in the horizontal


Data Center Centralized Fiber CablingSignificant Cost Savings Possible

Alternative to optical cross-connection in the horizontal distribution areaNo electronics in horizontal distribution area (HDA) Centralized electronicsCost reduction factors

– Smaller, simpler HDA– Faster & easier installation &

testing– Fewer idle ports– Centralized administration– Simplified moves, adds &

changesVisit TIA Fiber Optics LAN Section web site forinformation on centralized fiber cabling: www.fols.org


TIA/EIA-942 (2005) EN 50173-5 (2006)

ZD

ZD

MD

ENI

EO

EO

LDP

ENI

EO

EO

EO

EO

Main

Distribution A

rea

Entrance Room

Horizontal

Distribution A

rea

EquipmentDistribution

Area

ZoneD

istributionA

rea

TIA-942 & Draft EN 50173-5 ComparedSimilarities & Differences

Courtesy: Mike Gilmore, e-Ready Building Limited (2004)

Equipment Outlet (EO)Connection point within the EDA

Local Distribution Point (LDP)Connection point within the ZDA

Zone Distributor (ZD)Functional distribution element within the HDA

Main Distributor (MD)Functional distribution element within the MDA

Equipment Network Interface (ENI)Connection point to the outside world


Media SelectionDesign Considerations per TIA-942

Flexibility with respect to supported services

Required useful life of cabling

Facility site/size & occupant population

Channel capacity within the cabling system

Equipment vendor recommendations or specifications

Same facility architecture if different media types used


Data Center Cabling RecommendationsTransmission Media – Normative “Required”

100-ohm twisted-pair copper cable– Category 3 or 5e allowed– Category 6 recommended

Multimode fiber optic cable– 62.5/125 µm or 50/125 µm allowed– 50/125 µm 850 nm laser optimized multimode fiber

recommendedSinglemode optical fiber cable75-ohm coaxial cable– Type 734 & 735 cable– Type T1.404 coaxial connector

Per TIA-942


Data Center CablingDesign Recommendations (Informative) - “Optional”

Copper design (informative)– Adequate spacing for labeling on each patch panel– Label each port per Annex B and ANSI/TIA/EIA-606-A

Fiber design (informative)– Installation time reductions– Multi-fiber increments & multi-fiber connectors– Pre-calculated, pre-terminated multi-fiber ribbon assemblies– Consider performance effects of additional connections

Per TIA-942


Data Center StandardMultiple Benefits to Designers & Managers

Consistency in design

Predictable level of performance

More choice in the marketplace

Interoperability between different vendors’ products

Economies of scale


Introduction to new standards-based data center & storage area network designSelecting the optimal fiber structured cabling system for your data center & storage area network


Why is the choice of a fiber structured cabling system so

important in data centers & SANs?

Guidelines for selecting the fiber termination methodGuidelines for selecting the fiber termination method

Connecting the system elements togetherConnecting the system elements together

AgendaSelecting the Optimal Fiber SCS for your Data Center & SAN


Higher Speed Networks More DemandingFiber, Cable & Connectivity Choices Critical

– Fiber cable plant loss budgets continue to decrease

– Widely perceived 2.6 dB budget for 10 Gbps Ethernet & Fibre Channel

– Installation techniques more challenging

– Advanced fiber SCS technology provides new options


OFL = Overfilled launchEMB = Effective modal (laser) bandwidth

OM1, OM2, OM3 designationsPer ISO/IEC 11801, 2nd Edition

Min Bandwidth

(MHz km)

Fiber type

Wavelength

(nm)

Max Loss (dB/km) OFL EMB

1 Gb/s Reach (meters)

10 Gb/s Reach (meters)

62.5 µm (OM1) 850 1300

3.5 1.5

200 500

n.s.* n.s.

275 550

33 300

50 µm (OM2) 850 1300

3.5 1.5

500 500

n.s. n.s.

550 550

82 300

850-nm 10G Laser-Optimized

50 µm (OM3)

850 1300

3.5 1.5

1500 500

2000 n.s.

1000 600

300 300

Multimode FibersIndustry Standard Types

*n.s. = Not specified


Multimode Fiber TypesBandwidth Comparison

62.5/125 µm200/500 MHz-km

50/125 µm500/500 Hz-km

OM3 (50/125 µm)2,000/500 MHz-km


Ethernet Fiber Loss Budgets DecreasingDue to Ever Increasing Speeds

2.60IEEE 802.3ae10GBASE-SR*10,000 Mbps10 Gigabit Ethernet2004

3.56IEEE 802.3z1000BASE-SX1,000 Mbps1 Gigabit Ethernet2000

4.0TIA/EIA-785100BASE-SX10/100 MbpsShort Wavelength Fast Ethernet

Late 90’s

11.0IEEE 802.3100BASE-FX100 MbpsFast EthernetEarly 90’s

12.5IEEE 802.310BASE-FL10 MbpsEthernetEarly 80’s

Cable Plant Loss Budget

(db)

StandardDesignationData RateApplicationYear

Insertion loss values are for maximum distance specified in the standard& can vary based on the distance & number of connections


Fibre Channel Loss Budgets Also DecreasingThe Predominant Protocol in Storage Area Networks

2.60.5 – 300*1200-M5-SN-I10 GbpsFibre Channel




Cable Plant Loss Budget (db)

Supported Distance (m)*

DesignationData Rate

Application

*Supported distances using 2,000 MHz-km850 nm laser optimized 50 µm multimode fiber

Insertion loss values are for maximum distance specified in the standard& can vary based on the distance & number of connections


Reliable, high bandwidth networks required

The optimal solution: systems engineered, manufactured & independently verified to meet & exceed worldwide standards requirements

Performance of individual fiber network elements critical1. Electronics: Fully qualified devices with high laser coupling efficiency2. Fiber: Low DMD or high EMBc

3. Cable: Low attenuation4. Apparatus: Reduced insertion loss per mated pair

Key Elements of a Robust DC/SANTo Support Multiple Generations of Electronics


850 nm laserspot projected

on 50 µm fiber core

850 nm operating wavelength more cost effective

Small Form Factor Pluggable (SFP) modules dominant

Broad manufacturer availability

Fully qualified devices recommended

Ethernet & Fibre Channel TransceiversLook For High Laser Coupling Efficiency

Most power is inside9-38 µm “donut”


Cables with low attenuation tested & verified not to degrade fiber performance in 10 Gbps networks

Tight control over buffer uniformity & concentricity for highest connector performance

Cable Design & ManufacturingCan Affect 10 Gbps Performance


Small-Form-Factor Fiber ConnectorsHigh Density Critical for Space-Limited Data Centers

VF-45 OptiJack

MT-RJ LC

LX.5


Look for polishing techniques yielding ideal tip geometryEnd-face quality a key factor for maximum link performanceObjectives: minimum insertion loss; maximum return loss

Ideal polish: connector ferrule/fiberend-face scan showing ideal contour

Poor polish: fiber depressed intoferrule, causing poor performance

Optimum Connector PerformanceCreates a “Lens” at the Tip of the Connector

Maximum 10 Gbps system performance


Power budget consumed by various impairments

– Cross noise– Receiver eye opening– Relative intensity noise– Mode partition noise– Inter-symbol interference (ISI)– Channel insertion loss

Robust fibre solutions– Low insertion loss– Low Differential Mode Delay (DMD)– “Borrow” budget from other areas for

channel insertion loss

Cross noiseReceiver eye openingRelative intensity noise

Mode partition noise

Inter-symbol interference (ISI)

Channel insertion loss (ChIL)To

tal A

vaila

ble

Pow

er in

dB

10 Gbps Multimode Cabling SystemIEEE Link Model 850 nm Serial, 2,000 MHz-km MMF

75% of total penalty


Reallocating ISI Loss PenaltyUsing State-of-the-Art Fiber Technology

Ideal application to MTP/MPO-based systems

Ideal for data centers & SANs

Exchange ISI for channel insertion loss


FC Switch

FC-AL Hub

LC

MTP/MPO

MTP/MPO

Patch panel(interconnect)

Ribbonbackbonecable or

distributioncable

Modularpre-terminatedoptical cassette

systems

LCLC

MT

Easy to Configure Data Center SystemsFibre Channel Example, 2 MTP®/MPOs & 3 LC Connections

Example SAN or data center fiber link design

Standard OM-3 fiber may not support number of connections

State-of-the-art LOMF fiber & low insertion loss connectors




Guidelines for selecting the fiber termination method

Connecting the system elements together

AgendaSelecting the Optimal Fiber SCS for your Data Center & SAN


Available Fiber Termination MethodsMultiple Solutions for Data Centers & SANs

MultimodeCassette-based Pre-terminatedField-terminated

Single-mode Cassette-basedPre-terminatedField-terminated


Cassette-Based DC/SAN SolutionRibbon Backbone or Ribbonized Fiber Cable

Definition: Ribbon backbone or reduced diameter loose tube cable terminated with MTP/MPO connectors designed to interface with optical cassette system

Ideal for use in the Zone Distribution Area (ZDA)


Cassette-Based DC/SAN SolutionSelection Criteria

Guaranteed optical performanceFactory terminated solution

Designed for interoperabilityIntegrated system

Integration with existing systemsDistributes optical signals to common LC & SC interfaces

Significant cost savingsEasy, fast, error-free installation

Standards-based systemCompliant with TIA SP-3-4424-AD7*

Greatly simplified connectivityCassette supports multiple fibers

Ideal for data centers & SANsHighly reliable

AdvantageDesign Element

*to become TIA/EIA-568-B.3, Addendum 7


Pre-Terminated DC/SAN SolutionTime & Labor Saving Backbone Cable Designs

Definition: Backbone cable with factory installed connectors extending from rear of adapter panel to mating end of another adapter panel in another rack


Pre-Terminated DC/SAN SolutionSelection Criteria

Guaranteed optical performanceFactory terminated solution

Solution for every applicationDistribution, armored, or reduced diameter plenum cable

Better air flow & less congestionSmaller overall cable diameter & cross-sectional areas

Reduced on-site time & labor costsFast & easy installation

Facilitates cable routing & dressingMultiple optical links contained in one sheath



Field-Terminated DC/SAN SolutionTime & Labor Saving Backbone Cable Designs

Definition: Field-installable fiber optic connectors installed on-site with local installation crews

LC

SC

Fiber connector field termination kit


Adhesive holds the fiber firmly in the connector ferrule

Excess fiber is scored & removed

The remaining fiber and adhesive is polished down to the end-face of the ferrule

Fiber end polished to same radius curve as ferrule end-face

Cordage secured in connector by adhesive method

Adhesive/polish TerminationPopular Field-Installable Connector


No-polish TerminationReduced On-Site Labor Costs

Fiber end polished and tested at the factory to same radius curve as ferrule end-face

Adhesive holds the factory-installed fiber stub firmly in the connector ferrule

Drop of index-matching gel providesoptical interface for cleaved fibers

Mechanical splice joins factory-installedfiber stub and fiber being terminated


Field-Terminated DC/SAN SolutionSelection Criteria

Minimize hybrid patch cordsConnector choices may unique to specific data center/SAN

Reduced on-site labor costsNo polish connector requires less consumables

Fewer installation errorsLook for complete, easy to understand instructions

Good choice for skilled installersState-of-the-art fiber connector designs

Reduced on-site labor costsAnaerobic adhesive connector requires no heating oven

Integration with existing systemsWide range of popular connector types available





Guidelines for selecting the fiber termination method

Connecting the system elements together

AgendaStructured Cabling Systems in Data Centers & SANs


Cassette-Based Data Center SolutionChannel Components for 10 Gbps Multimode System


Pre-Terminated Data Center SolutionChannel Components for Single-mode System

Cable ManagementRack

Rack MountFiber Patch Cabinet Single Mode

Duplex Patch Cord

LC Adapter Panel24 Fiber


SC Adapter Panel12 Fiber

Single ModeDuplex Patch CordRack Mount

Fiber Patch Cabinet


Field-Terminated Data Center SolutionChannel Components for 10 Gbps Multimode System


Rack MountFiber Patch Cabinet


LOMF FiberPatch Cord

LOMF FiberPatch Cord

Rack MountFiber Patch Cabinet

LC Adapter Panel24 Fiber

SC Adapter Panel12 Fiber


SummaryData Centers & SANs: Rapidly Growing SCS Applications

Vast amounts of new information being created, communicated & stored

Legislation & other business priorities impacting data center & storage area network growth

The TIA-942 Data Center Standard applies structured cabling principles as TIA/EIA-568 did for commercial buildings

Careful choice of structured cabling system products should span multiple of generations of data center systems


Designing a Fiber Structured Cabling System for the Data Center

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