Designing multi-vector networks – a
whole systems approach Chris Clarke
Future Strategy Director
1
Wales & West Utilities
We are the Gas DSO & Designer for Wales & south west England
We have 37 power stations connected with 1.76 GW total capacity
We have 1.7 TWh green gas capacity connected to our network
We flexibly deploy 58 GWh of storage each day (UK 210 TWh seasonally)
On a cold winter day over 80% of heat & power is transported in the gas network.
Our evidence and research journey
Bridgend-Willingness&AbilitytoPay
CornwallEnergyIsland
SmartHybridControl
Development
PathfinderSimulator
SwanseaCityRegion
FreedomProject
GreenCityVision
RegionalFES
OpInet
GreenGas/WindHybrids
Development of UK energy networks
4
Key------Gas------Electricity
EnergyNetworks–120years
‘Cornwall Energy Island’ concept
• Cornwall is rich in natural energy resources, including wind; solar and deep geothermal
• Partnership created to consider low carbon future • Participants at workshops felt that these could provide the
majority of energy needs, balancing supply and demand with storage
• Our modelled scenarios
– Overlaid demand and generation to calculate storage requirements
• Results – 500 GWh of storage required – Excessive costs
Network of today
6
E.G EV charging - High renewables – 2030
7 7
On a future high renewables day, EVs charged from wind/solar
Electric Vehicles
E.g. Medium Renewables
8
EVs - Low renewables – 2030
9
On a low renewables day, demand exceeds renewable supply, so gas peakers supply.
9
2050 Energy Pathfinder
To help us address these challenges, we created a simulation model called the 2050 Energy Pathfinder. It’s our unique tool that models future energy supply and demand. It works out opportunities, risks and trade-offs when designing the energy system of the future at local, regional and national levels. And that’s not all: it works out what future energy solutions could mean for energy bills.
Smart Hybrid Heating Systems – Project Freedom
11
• Smart enables switching decision 17,520 times a year driven by: • Market prices (gas and electricity) & carbon intensity • Electricity network capacity constraints – No DNO Reinforcement
• Can utilise renewable electricity for heat when available; Use Green Gas when not – 100% carbon reduction
Retrofitsmallheatpumptoexis1ngcentralhea1ngsystem• LowCost• LowDisrup1on
EV’s and Public transport included
12
EV charging – un-constrained; constrained or Smart (V2G)
PathfinderLogic-1June1500
• 150Inputs• Startsbybalancingpower,hybridheaInguseselectricifavailable.
• IfexcessgeneraIon,flexpowerturnedoff/constrained
• LeavesNuclear,WindandSolartobalanceagainstdemand
• EG–10.2GW
13
Calculateelectricitydemand:
Domesticl ightandpowerdemand 9,192
Commercialandindustriall ightandpowerdemand 16,694
Unconstrainedvehicleelectricitydemand 5,370
Constrainedvehicleelectricitydemand 514 ElectricityDemand(1)Domesticdirectelectricheatingdemand 552 MWhelecDomesticelectricallypoweredheatpumpdemand 1,314 33,953Domestichybridelectricity/gasheatpumpdemand 310
Domestichybridelectricity/oil heatpumpdemand 0
Domestichybridelectricity/LPGheatpumpdemand 7
Calculateelectricitysupply:
Electricitygenerated-CHP 457
Hydroelectricelectricitysupplied 2,201
Tidal-Lagoonelectricitysupplied 3,229
Tidal-Streamelectricitysupplied 0 ElectricitySupply(1)Tidal-Waveelectricitysupplied 0 MWhelecSolarelectricitysupplied 21,320 44,232Windelectricitysupplied 7,238
Nuclearelectricitysupplied 6,356
Geothermalelectricitysupplied 3,430 Compareelectricitysupplyanddemand:
ElecDemand(1)-ElecSupply(1)MWhelec
Ifdemand>supply,switchhybridheatpumps: -10,279 Ifsupply>demand,chargesmartEVs:
Totalhybridheatpumpmovedoffelectricity
Chargeaddedtosmartelectricvehicles
MWhelec MWhelec0 0
Recalculateelectricitydemand: Recalculateelectricitydemand:
ElectricityDemand(5) Vehiclebatterycapacityutilised ElectricityDemand(2)MWhelec MWhstorage MWhelec33,953 106,767 33,953
Compareelectricitysupplyanddemand: Comapreelectricitysupplyanddemand:
ElecDemand(5)-ElecSupply(1) ElecDemand(2)-ElecSupply(1)MWhelec MWhelec-10,279 -10,279
Ifsupply>demand,chargecommercialbatteriesandgeneratehydrogenequally(ifpossible):Ifdemand>supply,dischargecommercialbatteries:
Dischargefromcommercialbatteriestogrid-includinglosses
CommercialbatterycapacityutilisedChargeaddedto
commercialbatteriesElectricityusedtogeneratehydrogen
MWhelec MWhstorage MWhelec MWhelec0 16,555 5,140 5,140
Recalculateelectricitysupply:Recalculateelectricitydemand:
ElectricitySupply(2) ElectricityDemand(3)MWhelec MWhelec44,232 44,232
Compareelectricitysupplyanddemand: Comapreelectricitysupplyanddemand:
ElecDemand(5)-ElecSupply(2) ElecDemand(3)-ElecSupply(1)MWhelec MWhelec-10,279 0
Ifdemand>supply,dischargesmartEVbatteries: Ifsupply>demand,exporttointerconnectors:
Dischargefromsmartelectricvehiclestogrid-includinglosses
Exporttointerconnectors
MWhelec MWhelec0 0
Recalculateelectricitysupply: Recalculateelectricitydemand:
ElectricitySupply(3) ElectricityDemand(4)MWhelec MWhelec44,232 44,232
Compareelectricitysupplyanddemand: Comapreelectricitysupplyanddemand:
ElecDemand(5)-ElecSupply(3) ElecDemand(4)-ElecSupply(1)MWhelec MWhelec-10,279 0
Ifdemand>supply,bringoncontrollablegenerationinmeritorder: Ifsupply>demand,calculateunusableelectricitysupply:
0 Coalelectricitysupplied UnusableElectricitySupply0 Coal+CCSelectricitysupplied MWhelec0 Oilelectricitysupplied 00 Biomasselectricitysupplied0 OCGTelectricitysupplied0 CCGTelectricitysupplied0 CCGT+CCSelectricitysupplied0 Interconnectorselectricitysupplied
Recalculateelectricitysupply:
ElectricitySupply(4)MWhelec44,232
Compareelectricitysupplyanddemand:
ElecDemand(5)-ElecSupply(4)MWhelec-10,279
Ifdemand>supply,calculateelectricityshortfall:
ElectricityshortfallMWhelec
0
Calculategasdemand:
0 OCGTgasdemand0 CCGTgasdemand0 CCGT+CCSgasdemand
Totalgasdemand-beforelosses
0 Hybridelectricity/gasheatpumpfueldemand MWhgas
6,4332,432 Domesticgasdemand-boilers2,033 Commercialgasdemand-boilers1,904 Commercialgasdemand-CHP0 Busgasdemand0 HGVgasdemand
Addhydrogenfromstoragetogassupply(tomaximumlimit):
Hydrogenaddedtogasfromstorage HydrogenstoragecapacityutilisedMWhhydrogen MWhstorage
643 20,381,383
Usegreengassupply,thengreengasfromstorage(storegreengaswhensupplyexceedsdemand):
Totalgreengassupplied GreengasstoragecapacityutilisedMWhgas MWhstorage
617 0
Makeupbalanceofgassupplyrequiredtomeetdemandwithfossilgas:
FossilgassuppliedMWhgas5,173
PathfinderLogic• Inputsinclude
– HydrogenGeneraIonCapacity– HydrogenStorage
• Logicdefinesmeritorderforxspower:
– ChargeEVs– Chargeba]erystorageandhydrogeninequalmeasure
– Onceoneisfull,fillsnext– Hydrogeninstorage
14
Calculateelectricitydemand:
Domesticl ightandpowerdemand 9,192
Commercialandindustriall ightandpowerdemand 16,694
Unconstrainedvehicleelectricitydemand 5,370
Constrainedvehicleelectricitydemand 514 ElectricityDemand(1)Domesticdirectelectricheatingdemand 552 MWhelecDomesticelectricallypoweredheatpumpdemand 1,314 33,953Domestichybridelectricity/gasheatpumpdemand 310
Domestichybridelectricity/oil heatpumpdemand 0
Domestichybridelectricity/LPGheatpumpdemand 7
Calculateelectricitysupply:
Electricitygenerated-CHP 457
Hydroelectricelectricitysupplied 2,201
Tidal-Lagoonelectricitysupplied 3,229
Tidal-Streamelectricitysupplied 0 ElectricitySupply(1)Tidal-Waveelectricitysupplied 0 MWhelecSolarelectricitysupplied 21,320 44,232Windelectricitysupplied 7,238
Nuclearelectricitysupplied 6,356
Geothermalelectricitysupplied 3,430 Compareelectricitysupplyanddemand:
ElecDemand(1)-ElecSupply(1)MWhelec
Ifdemand>supply,switchhybridheatpumps: -10,279 Ifsupply>demand,chargesmartEVs:
Totalhybridheatpumpmovedoffelectricity
Chargeaddedtosmartelectricvehicles
MWhelec MWhelec0 0
Recalculateelectricitydemand: Recalculateelectricitydemand:
ElectricityDemand(5) Vehiclebatterycapacityutilised ElectricityDemand(2)MWhelec MWhstorage MWhelec33,953 106,767 33,953
Compareelectricitysupplyanddemand: Comapreelectricitysupplyanddemand:
ElecDemand(5)-ElecSupply(1) ElecDemand(2)-ElecSupply(1)MWhelec MWhelec-10,279 -10,279
Ifsupply>demand,chargecommercialbatteriesandgeneratehydrogenequally(ifpossible):Ifdemand>supply,dischargecommercialbatteries:
Dischargefromcommercialbatteriestogrid-includinglosses
CommercialbatterycapacityutilisedChargeaddedto
commercialbatteriesElectricityusedtogeneratehydrogen
MWhelec MWhstorage MWhelec MWhelec0 16,555 5,140 5,140
Recalculateelectricitysupply:Recalculateelectricitydemand:
ElectricitySupply(2) ElectricityDemand(3)MWhelec MWhelec44,232 44,232
Compareelectricitysupplyanddemand: Comapreelectricitysupplyanddemand:
ElecDemand(5)-ElecSupply(2) ElecDemand(3)-ElecSupply(1)MWhelec MWhelec-10,279 0
Ifdemand>supply,dischargesmartEVbatteries: Ifsupply>demand,exporttointerconnectors:
Dischargefromsmartelectricvehiclestogrid-includinglosses
Exporttointerconnectors
MWhelec MWhelec0 0
Recalculateelectricitysupply: Recalculateelectricitydemand:
ElectricitySupply(3) ElectricityDemand(4)MWhelec MWhelec44,232 44,232
Compareelectricitysupplyanddemand: Comapreelectricitysupplyanddemand:
ElecDemand(5)-ElecSupply(3) ElecDemand(4)-ElecSupply(1)MWhelec MWhelec-10,279 0
Ifdemand>supply,bringoncontrollablegenerationinmeritorder: Ifsupply>demand,calculateunusableelectricitysupply:
0 Coalelectricitysupplied UnusableElectricitySupply0 Coal+CCSelectricitysupplied MWhelec0 Oilelectricitysupplied 00 Biomasselectricitysupplied0 OCGTelectricitysupplied0 CCGTelectricitysupplied0 CCGT+CCSelectricitysupplied0 Interconnectorselectricitysupplied
Recalculateelectricitysupply:
ElectricitySupply(4)MWhelec44,232
Compareelectricitysupplyanddemand:
ElecDemand(5)-ElecSupply(4)MWhelec-10,279
Ifdemand>supply,calculateelectricityshortfall:
ElectricityshortfallMWhelec
0
Calculategasdemand:
0 OCGTgasdemand0 CCGTgasdemand0 CCGT+CCSgasdemand
Totalgasdemand-beforelosses
0 Hybridelectricity/gasheatpumpfueldemand MWhgas
6,4332,432 Domesticgasdemand-boilers2,033 Commercialgasdemand-boilers1,904 Commercialgasdemand-CHP0 Busgasdemand0 HGVgasdemand
Addhydrogenfromstoragetogassupply(tomaximumlimit):
Hydrogenaddedtogasfromstorage HydrogenstoragecapacityutilisedMWhhydrogen MWhstorage
643 20,381,383
Usegreengassupply,thengreengasfromstorage(storegreengaswhensupplyexceedsdemand):
Totalgreengassupplied GreengasstoragecapacityutilisedMWhgas MWhstorage
617 0
Makeupbalanceofgassupplyrequiredtomeetdemandwithfossilgas:
FossilgassuppliedMWhgas5,173
15
RESULTS
CaseStudy–SwanseaCityBayRegion
16
WestWalesCaseStudyResultsBaseline-2019 Electrifica3on–
CarbonNeutralElectrifica3on–2040
RenewableGreenHybrid–Wind&
GreenGas
SmartEVs(Number) 500 110,000 110,000 110,000
Efficiency 0% 12% 12% 12%
GasBoiler 80% 0% 0% 0%
ASHP 2% 80% 80% 10%
Hybrid 0% 0% 0% 70%
Marine(MW) 0 320 320 320
Solar(MW) 100 500 1215 500
Wind(MW) 100 500 1023 500
Storage(MWh) 0 3400 6400 100
Blackouts(Hrs) 0 2919 191 0
CO2(Tonnes) 2,084,157 299,207 294,091 512,837
Bill(£) 1,550 7,227 12,996 1,754
17
18
DESIGNINGANINTEGRATEDNETWORK
GreenCityVision
Green City Vision
Almost equidistant between Cardiff and London, Swindon is a large town in Wiltshire. I ts population of almost 200,000 relies on Wales & West Utilities and Scott ish and Southern Electricity Networks for their gas and electricity.
SWINDON
GreenCityVision
Pathfinder analyses from a whole system approach and this project will optimise the solution from the consumer perspective.
Green City Vision – Draft Results • EV Charging – bigger impact
than expected • Gas HGV/PSV mitigate further
issues • Smart Hybrids heating avoid
making the situation worse • Investment in grid stability
needed • Energy efficiency measures
rely on 83% of home owners needing to act.
• Greening the grids easier than home owner actions
Results being fed into RIIO2 Business Plan – SSEN investment needed
Regional FES – a UK local approach
21
17 hydrogen cities 30%
On-gas & off-gas smart hybrids
70% Wind 49%
H2 blend 1%
Lowest cost decarbonisation for heat – UKCCC (June18)
Our carbon-free vision for 2050
Find Out More
23
h]ps://www.wwuIliIes.co.uk/about-us/our-company/publicaIons/the-future-of-energy-research/
@chrisclarkewwu