DESIGNING THE USER INTERFACE Strategies tor Ettective Human-Computer Interaction / 5th Edition
Ben Shneiderman & Catherine Plaisant University of Maryland, College Park
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Addison-Wesley Upper Saddle River Boston Columbus San Francisco New York
Indianapolis London Toronto Sydney Singapore Tokyo Montreal Dubai Madrid Hong Kong Mexico City Munich Paris Amsterdam Cape Town
Preface 7
Contents
PART 1 INTRODUCTION 19
CHAPTER I Usability of Interactive Systems 21 1.1 Introduction 22 1.2 Usability Goals and Measures 31 1.3 Usability Motivations 33 1.4 Universal Usability 40 1.5 Goals for Our Profession 55
CHAPTER Z Guidelines, Principles, and Theories 2.1 Introduction 74 2.2 Guidelines 75 2.3 Principles 80 2.4 Theories 97
73
PART DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES I l 3
CHAPTER о Managing Design Processes 115 3.1 Introduction 116 3.2 Organizational Design to Support Usability 117 3.3 The Four Pillars of Design 120 3.4 Development Methodologies 126 3.5 Ethnographic Observation 129 3.6 Participatory Design 132 3.7 Scenario Development 134 3.8 Social Impact Statement for Early Design Review 3.9 Legal Issues 140
CHAPTER 4 Evaluating Interface Designs 149 4.1 Introduction 150 4.2 Expert Reviews 152 4.3 Usability Testing and Laboratories 156 4.4 Survey Instruments 167
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4.5 AcceptanceTests 172 4.6 Evaluation During Active Use 174 4.7 Controlled Psychologically Oriented Experiments 180
PART INTERACTION STYLES 189
CHAPTER Ö Direct Manipulation and Virtual Environments 191 5.1 Introduction 192 5.2 Examples of Direct Manipulation 193 5.3 Discussion of Direct Manipulation 211 5.4 3D Interfaces 218 5.5 Teleoperation 223 5.6 Virtual and Augmented Reality 227
CHAPTER 6 Menu Selection, Form Fill-in, and Dialog Boxes 243 6.1 Introduction 244
Task-Related Menu Organization 245 Single Menus 246 Combinations of Multiple Menus 254 Content Organization 262 Fast Movement through Menus 268 Data Entry with Menus: Form Fill-in, Dialog Boxes, and Alternatives 269 Audio Menus and Menus for Small Displays 277
CHAPTER
6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7
6.8
7 Command and Natural Languages 289 7.1 Introduction 290 7.2 Command-Organization Functionality, Strategies, and
Structure 294 7.3 Naming and Abbreviations 299 7.4 Natural Language in Computing 304
CHAPTER 8 Interaction Devices 321 8.1 Introduction 322 8.2 Keyboards and Keypads 323 8.3 Pointing Devices 329 8.4 Speech and Auditory Interfaces 8.5 Displays-Small and Large 359
349
377 CHAPTER У Collaboration and Social Media Participation 9.1 Introduction 378 9.2 Goals of Collaboration and Participation 381 9.3 Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place,
DifferentTime 386
Contents 17
9.4 Synchronous Distr ibuted Interfaces: Different Place, SameTime 401
9.5 Face-to-Face Interfaces: Same Place, SameTime 407
PART DESIGN ISSUES 42
CHAPTER
425
10 Quality of Service 423 10.1 Introduct ion 424
10.2 Models of Response-Time Impacts
10.3 Expectations and Att i tudes 434
10.4 User Product iv i ty 438
10.5 Variabil i ty in ResponseTime 440
10.6 Frustrating Experiences 441
CHAPTER 11 Balancing Function and Fashion 451 11.1 Introduct ion 452
11.2 Error Messages 453
11.3 Nonanthropomorph ic Design 458
11.4 Display Design 463
11.5 Web Page Design 469
11.6 W i n d o w Design 474
11.7 Color 483
CHAPTER 1 2 User Documentation and Online Help 495 12.1 Introduct ion 496
12.2 Online Versus Paper Documentat ion 498
12.3 Reading f rom PaperVersus f rom Displays 501
12.4 Shaping the Content of the Documentat ion 504
12.5 Accessing the Documentat ion 509
12.6 Onl ineTutorials and An imated Demonstrat ions 517
12.7 Online Communi t ies for User Assistance 522
12.8 The Development Process 524
CHAPTER 13
CHAPTER 14
In format ion Search 531
13.1 Introduct ion 532
13.2 Searching inTextual Documents and Database Querying
13.3 Mul t imedia Document Searches 543
13.4 Advanced Filtering and Search Interfaces 545
In format ion Visual izat ion 555
14.1 Introduct ion 556
14.2 Data Type byTaskTaxonomy 557
14.3 Challenges for Informat ion Visualization 572
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Afterword Societal and Individual Impact of User Interfaces 581
A.1 Future Interfaces 582 A.2 Ten Plagues of the Information Age 587 A.3 Continuing Controversies 591
Name index 599 Subject index 609 Acknowledgments 621 About the Authors 624
