Detailed HBT measurement with respect to Event plane and collision energy in Au+Au collisions
Takafumi Niida for the PHENIX CollaborationUniversity of Tsukuba
Quark Matter 2012 in Washington,DC
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outline
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Introduction of HBT Azimuthal HBT w.r.t v2 plane Azimuthal HBT w.r.t v3 plane Low energy at PHENIX Summary
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What is HBT ?
Quantum interference between two identical particles Hadron HBT can measure the source size at freeze-out
(not whole size but homogeneity region in expanding source)
21 ppq
detector
detector
1p
2p
ToutTside
T
kqkq
ppk
//,2
21
)exp(1)(~1
)()(),(
222
21
212
invinvqRq
pPpPppPC
P(p1) : Probability of detecting a particleP(p1,p2) : Probability of detecting pair particles
3
assuming gaussian source
〜 1/R
C2
q [GeV/c]
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3D HBT radii “Out-Side-Long” system
Bertsch-Pratt parameterization Core-halo model
Particles in core are affected by coulomb interaction
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Rlong: Longtudinal sizeRside: Transverse sizeRout: Transverse size + emission durationRos: Cross term between Out and Side
detector
detector
1p
2p
R long
Rside
Rout
Sliced view
Beam
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centrality (%)
n =
<co
s n(
n(
mea
s.) -
n(
true))>
Measurement by PHENIX Detectors
50 5-5
ZDC/SMD
dN/d
RXN in: 1.5<||<2.8 & out: 1.0<||<1.5
MPC: 3.1<||<3.7
BBC: 3.0<||<3.9
CNT: ||<0.35
✰ PID by EMC&TOF➫ charged π/K are selected
✰ Ψn by forward detector RXN
EMCTOF
n=2 RXNn=3 RXNn=4 RXNn=2 MPCn=3 MPC
R(q),M(q): relative momentum dist.for real and mixed pairs
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Azimuthal HBT w.r.t v2 plane
Final eccentricity can be measured by azimuthal HBTIt depends on initial eccentricity, pressure gradient, expansion time,
and velocity profile, etc.Good probe to investigate system evolution 6
Momentum anisotropy v2
Initial spatial eccentricity
v2 Plane
Δφ
What is thefinal eccentricity ?
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Eccentricity at freeze-out
εfinal ≈ εinitial/2 for pion Indicates that source expands to in-plane direction, and still elliptical shape PHENIX and STAR results are consistent
εfinal ≈ εinitial for kaon Kaon may freeze-out sooner than pion because of less cross section Need to check the difference of mT between π/K? 7
ε final = ε initial
@WPCF2011Rs2
φpair- Ψ2
0 π/2 π
Rs,22
Rs,02
PRC70, 044907 (2004)
in-plane
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mT dependence of εfinal
εfinal of pions increases with mT in most/mid-central collisions There is still difference between π/K for mid-central collisions even
in same mT
Indicates sooner freeze-out time of K than π ? 8
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mT dependence of relative amplitude
Relative amplitude of Rout in 0-20% doesn’t depend on mT
Does it indicate emission duration between in-plane and out-of-plane is different at low mT? 9
Geometric info. Temporal+Geom.
Temporal+Geom.in-plane
out-of-plane
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Azimuthal HBT w.r.t v3 plane
Final triangularity could be observed by azimuthal HBT w.r.t v3 plane(Ψ3) if it exists at freeze-outRelated to initial triangularity, v3, and expansion time, etc.Detailed information on space-time evolution can be obtained
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Initial spatial fluctuation(triangularity)
Momentum anisotropytriangular flow v3
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Centrality dependence of v3 and ε3
Weak centrality dependence of v3
Initial ε3 has centrality dependence
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v3
@ pT=1.1GeV/c
PRL.107.252301
ε3ε2
v3v2
Npart
🍙 Final ε3 has any centrality dependence?
S.Esumi @WPCF2011
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Azimuthal HBT radii w.r.t Ψ3
Rside is almost flat
Rout have a oscillation in most central collisions 12
Ψ3
φpair
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Comparison of 2nd and 3rd order component In 0-10%, Rout have stronger oscillation for Ψ2 and Ψ3 than Rside
Its oscillation indicates different emission duration between 0°/60° w.r.t Ψ3
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Average of radii is set to “10” or “5” for w.r.t Ψ2 and w.r.t Ψ3
Ψ2
φpair
Ψ3
φpair
Ψ2
φpair
Ψ3
φpair
Ψ2
φpair
Ψ3
φpairRside
Rout
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Triangularity at freeze-out Relative amplitude is used to represent “triangularity” at freeze-out
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Rs2
φpair- Ψ3
0 π/3 2π/3
Rs,32
Rs,02
✰Triangular component at freeze-out seems to vanish for all centralities within systematic error
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v2 v3 v4 v4(Ψ4)
Spatial anisotropy by Blast wave model
15☞ Similar results with HBT
Blast wave fit for spectra & vn
Parameters used in the model
s2 and s3 correspond to final eccentricity and triangularity
s2 increase with going to peripheral collisions s3 is almost zero
Tf : temperature at freeze-outρ0 : average velocityρn : anisotropic velocitysn : spatial anisotropy
Initial vs Final spatial anisotropy
Poster, Board #195 Sanshiro Mizuno
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Image of initial/final source shape
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Low energy at PHENIX
No significant change beyond systematic error in 200GeV, 62GeV and 39GeV for centrality and mT dependence 17
200GeV62GeV39GeV
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Volume vs Multiplicity Product of 3D HBT radii shows the volume of homogeneity
regions Consistent with global trends
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Poster, Board #246Alex Mwai
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Summary Azimuthal HBT radii w.r.t v2 plane
Final eccentricity increases with increasing mT, but not enough to explain the difference between π/K☛ Difference may indicate faster freeze-out of K due to less cross section
Relative amplitude of Rout in 0-20% doesn’t depend on mT
☛ It may indicate the difference of emission duration between in-plane and out-of-plane
Azimuthal HBT radii w.r.t v3 planeFirst measurement of final triangularity have been presented.
It seems to vanish at freeze-out by expansion.while Rout clearly has finite oscillation in most central collisions
☛ It may indicate the difference of emission duration between Δφ=0°/60° direction
Low energy in Au+Au collisionsNo significant change between 200, 62 and 39 [GeV]Volume is consistent with global trends
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Japanese rice ball has just “triangular shape” !!
Elliptical shape is minor …
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Back up
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Relative amplitude of HBT radii Relative amplitude is used to represent “triangularity” at freeze-out Relative amplitude of Rout increases with increasing Npart
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Rμ2
φpair- Ψ3
0 π/3 2π/3
Rμ,32
Rμ,02
✰ Triangular component at freeze-out seems to vanish for all centralities(within systematic error)
Geometric info. Temporal+Geom.
Temporal+Geom.
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Higher harmonic event plane Initial density fluctuations cause higher harmonic flow vn
Azimuthal distribution of emitted particles:
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Ψ2
Ψ3
Ψ4
Ψn : Higher harmonic event planeφ : Azimuthal angle of emitted particles
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Charged hadron vn at PHENIX
v2 increases with increasing centrality, but v3 doesn’t
v3 is comparable to v2 in 0-10%
v4 has similar dependence to v2 24
PRL.107.252301
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v3 breaks degeneracy
v3 provides new constraint on hydro-model parameters Glauber & 4πη/s=1 : works better KLN & 4πη/s=2 : fails
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V2
V3
PRL.107.252301
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Azimuthal HBT radii for kaons Observed oscillation for Rside, Rout, Ros
Final eccentricity is defined as εfinal = 2Rs,2 / Rs,0
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in-plane
out-of-plane
PRC70, 044907 (2004)
@WPCF2011
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kT dependence of azimuthal pion HBT radii in 20-60%
Oscillation can be seen in Rs, Ro, and Ros for each kT regions
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kT dependence of azimuthal pion HBT radiiin 0-20%
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Centrality / mT dependence have been measured for pions and kaons No significant difference between both species
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The past HBT Results for charged pions and kaons
mT dependencecentrality dependence
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Analysis method for HBT Correlation function
Ratio of real and mixed q-distribution of pairs q: relative momentum
Correction of event plane resolution U.Heinz et al, PRC66, 044903 (2002)
Coulomb correction and Fitting By Sinyukov‘s fit function Including the effect of long lived resonance decay
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Azimuthal HBT radii for pions Observed oscillation for Rside, Rout, Ros
Rout in 0-10% has oscillation Different emission duration between in-plane and out-of-plane?
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out-of-plane
in-plane
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Model predictions
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S.Voloshin at QM11T=100[MeV], ρ=r’ρmax(1+cos(nφ))
Blast-wave model AMPT
Out
Side
S.Voloshin at QM11
Side
Out
Both models predict weak oscillation will be seen in Rside and Rout.
n=2n=3
Out-Side