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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARAFAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN KIMIAENGINEERING CHEMISTRY I LABORATORY(CHE485)

DETERMINATION OF THE Ka VALUE OF WEAK ACID

SEMESTER 3 AND 4 AUGUST 28

T!"#$ A##%&a"$' Ma* Ma* A+*"a&" 5

I,"%'-&"!%,

 A!.*

T/$%0

 A11aa"-*

M$"/%'%#%0

5

R$*-#"*

Ca#&-#a"!%,*

D!*&-**!%,

5

-$*"!%,* 5

C%,&#-*!%,*

R$$$,&$*

TOTAL 4

S"-'$," Na.$* a,' N-.+$* S-1$6!*% Ga'!, ()7 NUR SYAERA BT7 HIDIR 2928:99827 MUHAMAD SYAREEN BIN YAID 2928:;4

37NURUL NAFISAH 2928:;3847WAN EDARLINA 2928:85457 SITI NOOR 2928:;2

C/$&$' +0< C! S-/a!=a R$&/$&$' +0< 

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TABLE OF CONTENT<

NO7 TITLE >AGE

A+*"a&"?S-..a0 2

2 I,"%'-&"!%, 2

3 A!.*?O+@$&"!6$* 2

4 T/$%0 3

5 >%&$'-$* :

: A11aa"-* R$a$," 9

9 R$*-#"* 9

8 Ca#&-#a"!%,* ;

; D!*&-**!%,*

C%,&#-*!%,* R$&%..$,'a"!%,*

2 R$$$,&$* 2

3 A11$,'!&$* 2

 A+*"a&"<

  T/$ $1$!.$," !* a## a+%-" !,'!, "/$ 6a#-$ % Ka +0 -*!, "!"a"!%, a,'.$a*-!, "/$ 1H 6a#-$ % "/$ $a a&!'7 A&!'+a*$ $a&"!%,* a$ ,$-"a#!=a"!%,$a&"!%,* +$"$$, +a*$* a,' 1%"%,* '%,a"$' +0 a&!'*7 T/$ *"$,"/ % a, a&!'!* $#a"$' "% !"* a+!#!"0 "% '%,a"$ 1%"%,*7 S"%, a&!'* &%.1#$"$#0 '!**%&!a"$ !,a-$%-* *%#-"!%,*7 F% $a.1#$ "/$ &%,&$,"a"!%, % H  !, 7 M /0'%&/#%!&a&!' (HC#) !* 7 M7 B0 &%,"a*" $a .%,%1%"!& a&!'* %,#0 1a"!a##0 '!**%&!a"$!, a-$%-* *%#-"!%,* %.!, $-!#!+!-. !"/ a11$&!a+#$ a.%-,"* % 

-,'!**%&!a"$' a&!'7 T/$ 1-1%*$ % "/!* $1$!.$," !* "% .$a*-$ "/$ Ka 6a#-$% !%,!=a"!%, % "% -,,%, $a a&!'*7 S%#-"!%,* &%,"a!,!, $-a# .%#a a.%-,"* % "/$ $a a&!'* a,' "/$! &%,@-a"$ +a*$* a$ 1$1a$' +0 /a#,$-"a#!=a"!%, % "/$ a&!'7 T/$! 1H 6a#-$* a$ .$a*-$' a,' -*$' "% &a#&-#a"$"/$ Ka 6a#-$ % "/$ -,,%,* a,' "/-* '$"$.!,$ "/$! !'$,"!"!$*7

INTRODUCTION<

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T/$ $#a"!6$ a&!'!"0 % a *-+*"a,&$ % a *0*"$. !* % !.1%"a,&$ !, .a,0*!"-a"!%,* *-&/ a* "/$ -a#!"0 % '!,!, a"$ %%' 1$*$6a"!%,* *%!#&%,'!"!%,* % a!&-#"-$ a,' 1/0*!%#%!&a# -,&"!%,*7 O,$ .$a*-$ % "/$*"$,"/ % a, a&!' !* !"* a+!#!"0 "% '%,a"$ 1%"%,* "% a +a*$7 T/$ a&!' !%,!=a"!%,

&%,*"a," Ka !* a -a,"!"a"!6$ .$a*-$ % "/$ *"$,"/ % a, a&!'7 T/$ !%,!=a"!%,% a $,$!& a&!' HA &a, +$ $1$*$,"$' +0 "/$ %##%!, $-a"!%,<

HA   )(aq   H2O   )(l     →← H3O  +

)(aq A −

)(aq   ($-a"!%, 4)

I, /!&/ "/$ $a a&!' '%,a"$* a 1%"%, H  +

"% a a"$ .%#$&-#$ "% %. "/$

/0'%,!-. !%, H3O  +

a,' "/$ &%,@-a"$ +a*$ % "/$ $a a&!' A  −

7 T/$&%$*1%,'!, a&!' !%,!=a"!%, &%,*"a," $1$**!%, Ka &a, +$ !""$, a*

[ ]

[ ]

−

= A

 HA

O H  Ka   3

  ($-a"!%, 42)T/$ Ka 6a#-$ !* &/aa&"$!*"!& % a, a&!' a,' &a, +$ -*$' "% !'$,"!0 a, -,,%,a&!'7 T/$ Ka !,'!&a"$* "/$ $#a"!6$* *"$,"/ % a, a&!'7 T/$ #a$ "/$ Ka 6a#-$"/$ *"%,$ "/$ a&!'7 T/$ *.a##$ "/$ Ka 6a#-$ "/$ $a$ "/$ a&!'7

O+@$&"!6$*<

T% '$"$.!,$ "/$ a&!' !%,!=a"!%, &%,*"a," Ka % a $a a&!' +0 "!"a"!%,

!"/ *%'!-. /0'%!'$ a,' +0 .$a*-!, "/$ 1H % "/$ $a a&!'7

T/$%0<

T/$$ a$ "% .$"/%'* "% '$"$.!,$ "/$ Ka 6a#-$ % a $a a&!' "/a" !*<

T!"a"!, "/$ $a a&!' !"/ *%'!-. /0'%!'$

M$a*-!, "/$ 1H % "/$ $a a&!'

W$a a&!' "!"a"$' !"/ NaOH

 A "!"a"!%, &-6$ !* 1%'-&$ +0 1#%""!, "/$ 1H % "/$ a&!' *%#-"!%, 6$*-* "/$

6%#-.$ % NaOH a''$'7 T/$ $-!6a#$,&$ 1%!," % "/$ "!"a"!%, !* $a&/$' /$, a##% "/$ $a a&!' (HA) /a* &%.1#$"$#0 $a&"$' !"/ NaOH7 O, "/$ "!"a"!%, &-6$"/$ $-!6a#$,&$ 1%!," !* $a' a" "/$ &$,"$ % "/$ $!%, /$$ 1H !,&$a*$**/a1#07 T/$ /a#$-!6a#$,&$ 1%!," % "/$ "!"a"!%, !* $a&/$' /$, $a&"#0 %,$/a# % "/$ +a*$' $-!$' "% &%.1#$"$#0 ,$-"a#!=$' "/$ a&!' /a* +$$, a''$'7 A""/!* 1%!," % &%,&$,"a"!%, % "/$ a&!' !, "/$ *%#-"!%, HA !* $-a# "% "/$

&%,&$,"a"!%, % !"* &%,@-a"$ +a*$ A  −

7

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][][  −=   A HA   ( $-a"!%,

43)

E-a"!%, 42 &a, +$ *!.1#!!$' "% 0!$#' $-a"!%, 44

[ ]+

=   O H  Ka3   ($-a"!%,

44)

Ta!, "/$ ,$a"!6$ % "/$ a#%!"/. % $a&/ *!'$ % $-a"!%, 44 $-a"!%, 45&a, +$ '$!6!,7

]log[~)log(3

+

=−   O H  Ka

1Ka 1H ($-a"!%, 45)

$-a"!%, 45 !,'!&a"$* "/a" "/$ 1Ka % "/$ a&!' !* $-a# "% "/$ 1H % "/$ *%#-"!%,a" /a# $-!6a#$,&$ 1%!,"7 T/$ Ka % "/$ a&!' !* '$"$.!,$' %. "/$ 1Ka 6a#-$ a*%##%*7

 pKa Ka

  −

= 10   ($-a"!%, 4:)

Sample calculation using 1  st 

method

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 A $a a&!' !* "!"a"$' !"/ 7 M NaOH7 T/$ "!"a"!%, &-6$ !* */%, !, !-$ 47

E-!6a#$,&$ 1%!," 7:2.L '$"$.!,$ "/$ "!"a"!%, &-6$7Ha# $-!6a#$,&$ 1%!," 7:2?2 578.L

T/$ 1H 6a#-$ &%$*1%,'!, "% 578 .L !* 472 '$"$.!,$ "/$ "!"a"!%, &-6$71Ka 1H 472 a" "/$ /a# $-!6a#$,&$ 1%!,"

Ka  pKa−10

  20.4− :73

  5−

K,%!, "/$ 1H % "/$ $a a&!' a,' !,!"!a# $a a&!' &%,&$,"a"!%,

F%. "/$ 1H % "/$ a&!' *%#-"!%, (HA) $ &a, '$"$.!,$ "/$ H  +

 a,' A −

  !%,&%,&$,"a"!%, !* $#a"$' "% "/$ 1H % a *%#-"!%, +0 $-a"!%, 49

 pH O H 

  −+

=103   ($-a"!%, 49)

B0 *-+*"!"-"!, HA H3O  +

a,' A  −

a" $-!#!+!-. !, "% $-a"!%, 42 6a#-$ % Ka &a, +$ &a#&-#a"$'7

Sa.1#$ &a#&-#a"!%, -*!, 2nd 

.$"/%'

T/$ 1H % 7M $a a&!' *%#-"!%,* 2752 a" 25   C ° 7 Ca#&-#a"$ "/$ Ka % "/$

$a a&!' a" 25   C ° 7

I,!"!a##0 %,#0 "/$ $a a&!' HA .%#$&-#$* !%,!=$ %.!, H3O  +

a,' H3O  +

7 T/$

!,!"!a# HA &%,&$,"a"!%, '$&$a*$* /!#$ "/$ &%,&$,"a"!%, % H3O  +

 a,' A −

!,&$a*$ -,"!# $-!#!+!-. a""a!,$'7 T/$ $-!#!+!-. &%,&$,"a"!%, % HA H3O  +

a,' A −

 a$ &a#&-#a"$' a* %##%*7

1H 2752

[ ]   M O H   pH    352.2

3  100.31010

  −−−+

×===

HA H 2 O ↔  H3O  +

  A −

I,!"!a# 7M C/a,$ 37 37M 37M

E-!#!+!-. (737)M 37M 37M

Ka   [ ] HA

 AO H    −+

3

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[ ][ ][ ]

5

3

33

103.9100.310.0

100.3100.3  −

−

−−

×−

×−

××= Ka

T/$ &a#&-#a"$' Ka 6a#-$ % "/$ -,,%, a&!' !* &#%*$*" "% "/a" % +$,=%!& a&!'

:73  5−

Ta+#$< I%,!=a"!%, &%,*"a," (Ka) % *%.$ $a a&!'* a" 25%C

Procedures:

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D$"$.!,a"!%, % Ka 6a#-$ % a $a a&!' +0 "!"a"!%, !"/ NaOH

 A11%!.a"$#0 4.L % -,,%, a&!' *%#-"!%, a* %+"a!,$'7 Da"a a*

$&%'$'7 7.L % "/$ -,,%, a&!' *%#-"!%, a* a''$' "% '0 25.L +$a$7

T/$ *%#-"!%, a* "!"a"$' !"/ NaOH T/$ $a&"!%, .!"-$ a* 1%-$' !,"% #a+ *!, a,' a* #-*/$' !"/

&%,"!,-%-* a"$7

S"$1 24 a* $1$a"$' "% 1$%. 2 nd 

"!"a"!%, % "/$ $a a&!' !"/ 7M

NaOH *%#-"!%, T/$ "!"a"!%, &-6$ a* 'a -*!, $&$#*7

F%. "/$ "!"a"!%, &-6$ "/$ 6%#-.$ % NaOH $-!$'"% ,$-"a#!=!, "/$

$a a&!' *%#-"!%, !, $a&/ "!"a"!%, a* '$"$.!,$'7 Da"a a* $&%'$'7 T/$ Ka 6a#-$ % "!"a"!%, a,' 2 a* &a#&-#a"$'7

T/$ a6$a$ Ka 6a#-$ % "/$ $a a&!' a* &a#&-#a"$'7

U*!, "/$ Ka 6a#-$ &a#&-#a"$' !, *"$1 P "/$ -,,%, $a a&!' %."a+#$ a* !'$,"!!$'7

T/$ .%#a!"0 % "/$ -,,%, a&!' *%#-"!%, % $a&/ "!"a"!%, a* &a#&-#a"$'7

D$"$.!,a"!%, % Ka %. "/$ !,!"!a# &%,&$,"a"!%, a,' 1H % a $a a&!' *%#-"!%,

2.L % "/$ -,,%, $a a&!' *%#-"!%, (*a.$ -,,%, -*$' !, >a" A)

a* a''$' "% a '0 +$a$7 T/$ 1H $#$&"%'$ a* $.%6$' %. "/$ 1H 9 +-$ *%#-"!%,7 T/$

$#$&"%'$ a* !,*$' !"/ '!*"!##$' a"$ a,' "/$ "!1 % "/$ 1%+$ a* '!$'7

T/$ $#$&"%'$ a* !,*$"$' !,"% "/$ +$a$ &%,"a!,!, "/$ a&!' *%#-"!%,%. *"$1 7 T/$ *%#-"!%, a* *"!$'7 A"$ "/$ 1H $a'!, a* *"a+!#!=$'"/$ 1H % "/$ *%#-"!%, a* $&%'$'7

T/$ $a a&!' *%#-"!%, a* '$&a,"$' !,"% a*"$ &%,"a!,$7

S"$1 4 a* $1$a"$' "% 1$%. *$&%,' 1H .$a*-$.$,"

T/$ 1H 1%+$ a* !,*$' !"/ '!*"!##$' a"$ 

U*!, !,!"!a# &%,&$,"a"!%, (.%#a!"0 &a#&-#a"$' !, *"$12 1a" A) "/$ 1H % 

"/$ -,,%, a&!' *%#-"!%, "/$ Ka % $a&/ "!a# a* &a#&-#a"$'7 U*!, "/$ Ka 6a#-$ &a#&-#a"$' !, *"$1 8 "/$ $a a&!' a* !'$,"!!$' %.

"a+#$

Apparatus:

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B$a$ B-$""$>!1$""$Ma,$"!& +a 

R$a$,"<

S%'!-. /0'%!'$U,,%, a&!' a,' 2D!*"!##$' a"$ 

Results:

>a" A<

.L % NaOH U,,%, a&!' U,,%, a&!' 2

7 37 27::

75 37:3 :7;

7 37; 875

75 472 87;;

27 472; ;728

275 4743 ;743

37 4753 ;758

375 47:2 ;7:8

47 4792 ;799

475 478 ;78557 47; ;7;2

575 47;; 7

:7 578 7

:75 579 79

97 572; 72:

975 574 73:

87 5759 74:

875 578 75:

;7 :7 7:;

;75 97; 789

7 7 7975 74 72:

7 7: 744

75 79: 75:

27 78: 7:8

275 7;3 795

37 27 783

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375 788

47 7;3

475 27

>a" B<

U,,%, a&!' I,!"!a# 1H

3724

2 372

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Ca#&-#a"!%,<

>a" A<

U,,%, a&!' <

E-!6a#$,&$ 1%!," ;78:.LHa#$-!6a#$,&$ 1%!," ;78:?2 47;3.LT/$ 1H 6a#-$ &%$*1%,'!, "% 47;3.L !* 47: %. "/$ "!"a"!%, &-6$1Ka 1H 47: a" "/$ /a#$-!6a#$,&$ 1%!,"

Ka   pKa−

    60.4−

510512.2   −

×

T/$ &#%*$*" 6a#-$ Ka &a#&-#a"$' !* a&$"!& a&!' "/a" !* 78  5−

M1 V1   M 2 V 2

(7)(;78:.L) M 2 (.L)M 2   7;8:M

U,,%, a&!' 2<

E-!6a#$,&$ 1%!," 72.LHa#$-!6a#$,&$ 1%!," 72?2 7:.LT/$ 1H 6a#-$ &%$*1%,'!, "% 7:.L !* 478 %. "/$ "!"a"!%, &-6$1Ka 1H 478 a" "/$ /a#$-!6a#$,&$ 1%!,"

Ka   pKa−

    80.4−

7585  5−

T/$ &#%*$*" 6a#-$ Ka &a#&-#a"$' !* a&$"!& a&!' "/a" !* 78

  5−

M1 V1   M 2 V 2

(7)(72.L) M 2 (.L)

M 2   72M

>a" B<

U,,%, a&!' <

1H 3724

[ ]   M O H   pH    424.3

3  10754.51010

  −−−+

×===

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HA H 2 O ↔  H3O  +

  A −

I,!"!a# 7;8:M

C/a,$   410754.5   −

× M   410754.5   −

× M410754.5   −

× M

E-!#!+!-. (7;8: 410754.5   −

× )M410754.5   −

× M410754.5   −

×

M

Ka   [ ] HA

 AO H   −+

3

[ ][ ][ ]

6

4

44

10378.310754.50986.0

10754.510754.5  −

−

−−

×=

×−

××= Ka

T/$ &#%*$*" 6a#-$ "% "/$ Ka &a#&-#a"$' !* >%"a**!-. H0'%$, >/"/a#a"$ "/a" "/$Ka !* 573

  6−

U,,%, a&!' 2<

1H 372

[ ]   M O H   pH    421.3

3  10166.61010

  −−−+

×===

HA H 2 O ↔  H3O  +

  A −

I,!"!a# 72M

C/a,$   4

10166.6  −

× M   4

10166.6  −

× M4

10166.6  −

× M

E-!#!+!-. (72 410166.6   −

× )M410166.6   −

× M410166.6   −

× M

Ka   [ ] HA

 AO H   −+

3

[ ][ ][ ]

5

4

44

10340.310166.6012.0

10166.610166.6  −

−

−−

×=

×−

××= Ka

T/$ &#%*$*" 6a#-$ "% "/$ Ka &a#&-#a"$' !* B$,=%!& A&!' "/a" "/$ Ka !* :73  5−

D!*&-**!%,<

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  T/!* $1$!.$," !* .a!,#0 a+%-" !,'!, "/$ Ka 6a#-$ % -,,%, a&!' a,'27 F%. "/$ Ka 6a#-$ $ &%-#' $*"!.a"$ /!&/ a&!' !* "/$ -,,%, a&!' $ -*$'%. "a+#$ 7 B0 -*!, "/$ !*" .$"/%' "/a" !* "/$ "!"a"!%, &-6$ "/$ -,,%,a&!' a* $*"!.a"$' "% +$ a&$"!& a&!' *a.$ a* -,,%, a&!' 27 T/$ .%#a!"0 % +%"/ -,,%, a&!' a* '!$$," a* "/$ 6%#-.$ % "/$ NaOH -*$' "% ,$-"a# "/$

a&!'7  F%. "/$ "!"a"!%, &-6$ "/$ -,,%, a&!' &-6$ a* .$$#0 "/$ *a.$ a*"/$ "/$%0 "!"a"!%, &-6$7 B-" "/$ -,,%, a&!' 2 &-6$ a* "%"a##0 '!$$,"7 T/!*!* +$&a-*$ a" "/$ +$!,,!, % "/$ "!"a"!%, % "/$ -,,%, a&!' 2 "/$ 1H 6a#-$,$a#0 97 "/a" !* "/$ $-!6a#$,&$ 1%!," "/a" $ ,$$' "% %+"a!,$'7 T/!* !* +$&a-*$"/$ a&!' .%#a!"0 a* #%$ "/a, "/$ -,,%, a&!' 7

B0 -*!, "/$ *$&%,' .$"/%' $ @-*" -*$' "/$ !,!"!a# 1H 6a#-$ "/a" $%+"a!,$' !, "/$ $1$!.$,"7 T/$ 1H 6a#-$ "/a" %+"a!,$' a* -*$' "% &a#&-#a"$ "/$.%#a!"0 % $a&/ -,,%, a&!' +0 -*!, %.-#a7 T/$ &#%*$*" 6a#-$ "% "/$ Ka

&a#&-#a"$' !* >%"a**!-. H0'%$, >/"/a#a"$ "/a" "/$ Ka !* 573  6−

  % -,,%, a&!' 7 A,' "/$ &#%*$*" 6a#-$ "% "/$ Ka &a#&-#a"$' !* B$,=%!& A&!' "/a"

"/$ Ka !* :73   5−

 % -,,%, a&!' 27

 C%,&#-*!%,<

  T/$ $1$!.$," a* .a!,#0 a+%-" !,'!, "/$ Ka 6a#-$ "% %+"a!, /a" a&!' !*"/$ -,,%, a&!'7 (B0 -*!, "!"a"!%, !"/ NaOH) T/$ Ka 6a#-$ &a#&-#a"$' % "/$

-,,%, a&!' !*510512.2   −

×  a,' % "/$ -,,%, a&!' 2 !* 7585  5−

7 T/$

&#%*$*" 6a#-$ % Ka % a&!' !, "a+#$ !* a&$"!& a&!' "/a" !* 78  5−

7 (B0 -*!,

'$"$.!,a"!%, % Ka %. "/$ !,!"!a# &%,&$,"a"!%, a,' 1H % a $a a&!' *%#-"!%,)T/$ Ka 6a#-$ &a#&-#a"$' % "/$ -,,%, a&!' !*

610378.3   −

×   a,' % "/$

-,,%, a&!' 2 !*510340.3   −

× 7 T/$ &#%*$*" 6a#-$ % Ka % a&!' !, "a+#$ !*

>%"a**!-. H0'%$, >/"/a#a"$ "/a" "/$ Ka !* 573  6−

% -,,%, a&!' a,'

"/$ &#%*$*" 6a#-$ "% "/$ Ka &a#&-#a"$' !* B$,=%!& A&!' "/a" "/$ Ka !* :73  5−

 % -,,%, a&!' 27  F%. "/$ $1$!.$," $ &%-#' &%,&#-'$ "/a" +0 -*!, '$"$.!,a"!%, % Ka%. "/$ !,!"!a# &%,&$,"a"!%, a,' 1H % a $a a&!' *%#-"!%, !* .%$ a&&-a"$ a*$ @-*" ,$$' "% %+"a!, "/$ !,!"!a# 1H 6a#-$ a,' &a#&-#a"$ "/$ Ka +0 -*!, %.-#a7T/!* .$"/%' !* .%$ a&&-a"$ a* !" .!,!.!=$ "/$ $% %&&-* !, "/$ $1$!.$,"7

R$&%..$,'a"!%,<

T/$ $1$!.$," */%-#' !,&#-'$ "/$ !,'!&a"% a* $ &%-#' *$$ "/$ &/a,$*

% "/$ "!"a"!%,7

R$$$,&$*<

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B%, L$Ma0 a,' B-*"$,7 La+%a"%0 E1$!.$,"* % C/$.!*"0<

T/$ C$,"a# S&!$,&$7 F!"/ E'!"!%,7 E1$!.$," 2

/""1<??!&,27-.$&/$7.a!,$7$'-?$,&/$.#a+*?E-!#QC%,*"?$-!#&%,7

/".# /""1<??7a,"#$,7+&7&a?QQ*/a$'?a**$"*?1/:971' 

/""1<??$+7&$,"$7$'-?.!#$*?&/$35?&/$35#a+*?1Ka2%2a

2$a2a&!'7/".

/""1<??/%.$7&%.&a*"7,$"?&/!*"0#"/%.a*?Ka$aa&!'#a+71' 

/""1<??a&-#"07-"="%,7$'-?6!"=?#!.*1%"?La+Ma,-a#?KAW$+?KAQDET

7/".

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