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DETERMINERS AND
QUANTIFIERSBY: DANIEL BADEL; ANDRS MOSQUERAAND JUAN NICOLAS SANCHEZ
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. What are determiners?
2. Some and any; something, somebody, etc.
3. Much (of), many (of), a lot of, lots (of) etc.
4. All (of), the whole (of), both (of).
4. Each (of) every and all.
5. No, none (of), and not any
6. Few, a few (of), Little, a liffle (of), etc.
7. Quantifiers with and without of.
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Determiners
Articles
a, an, the
Demonstratives
this, that, etc.
Possessives
my, your, etc.
Quantifiers
Some, any, all,most, many,
much, a few, alittle, etc
Distributives
each, every,both, either,
neither, another,other
Interrogatives
what, which, etc
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Some and any
We use some inpositivesentences:
We use anyin negativesentences:
Some Any
Some and any are used with plural and uncountable nounswhen we talk about limited, but indefinite or unknown numbersor amounts of things.
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I made somemistakes in theexam
I didnt makeanymistakes inthe exam
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We also use any with words such as barely, hardly,never, rarely, seldom; deny, fail, forbid, refuse,
prohibit; impossible, unlikely (they have a negativemeaning).
She rarelygives anygood
advice
Are you going to
work on theproject today?
Of course not!This is Friday. Ineverdo anyhomework on
Fridays.
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any andsome in questions
In most questions we use any: Is there anyice in the fridge? Do you need anyhelp?
We normally use some (notany) when weoffer things or when we ask for things inorder to sound positive, expecting Yes asan answer:
A: Would you like somecoffee?
B: Yes, please.A: Can you lend me some money?
B: Sure. How much do you need?
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Some other examples
(Questions)
Hasnt there been somediscussion about theproposal? (= I think/expectthere has)
Didnt John's parents give
him some money?
(= I think/expect they did)
Has there been anydiscussion about theproposal yet?
Did John's parents givehim any money?
Some (Expecting the answer
Yes)Any (open yes-no question)
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Some and any with singular countable
nouns
Some and any can also be used to talk about a particularperson or thing without mentioning them specifically. In thiscase they are stressed:
There must be someway I can contact Jo. (There mustbe a way, but I dont know it.)
Isnt there any book here that will give me the
information I want? (= There must be a book like this,but I cant find out what/where it is.)
I was asked a really difficult question by somestudent inclass two.
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SOME DETAILS
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Can you tell the difference?
Anyof thestudents cananswer thequestion.
Someof thestudents can
answer the question
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With i fwe normally use any
If you haveanyproblems,let me know.
Ok, thankyou.
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Anyquestionsshould be sentto the manager
=if there are anyquestions
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Someone/anyone ( or somebody/anybody):
I thought I heard someone knocking at the door.
Is there anyone at home?
Something/anything Somewhere/anywhere
Their use similar to someand any
They need a singular verb: If anybody calls, tell themIm not at home. (not If
anybody call...)
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M u c h ( o f ) , m a n y ( o f ) , a l o t
o f , l o t s ( o f ) , e t c .
Much (of) andmany (of) are usedto talk about
quantities andamounts.
Much (of) is usedwith uncountablenouns and
many (of) with pluralnouns
Manypeople (= pluralnoun) eat too much
meat (= uncountablenoun).
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Much of can alsobe used with asingular countable
noun to mean alarge part of:
Much of the city wasdestroyed by thebombs.
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We can use muchand many without anoun if the meaning
is clear:
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Much (of) and many (of) are mainlyused...
...in negativesentences toemphasize that we
are talking aboutsmall (or smallerthan expected)quantities or
amounts.
Not many of myfriends knew I wasgetting married.
He didn't showmuch interest inwhat I said.
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...in questions to askabout quantities oramounts.
How manyquestions could youanswer?
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In affirmative sentenceswe often use a lot of,lots of, or plenty of to
talk about largeamounts and quantities,particularly inconversation and
informal writing. Usingmuch (of) often soundsa little formal, and many(of) is often very formal
or inappropriate:
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Lots of her students went on to becometeachers. ('Many of is a little more formal)
We had plenty of hotels to choose from,('many hotels' is more formal)
I've given the problem a lot of thought,('much thought' is very formal)
John offered me a lot of money for thecar. {not much money)
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However, in formalcontexts, such asacademic writing,
much (of) andmany (of) are oftenpreferred, orphrases such as agreat deal of or alarge
amount/number of:
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Much debate has been generated byThornton's controversial paper.
A great deal of the exhibition was devoted tohis recent work, (or Much of...)
A large amount of the food was inedible, (orMuch of...)
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In formal contexts wecan also use muchand many aspronouns:
Much remains to bedone before the drugcan be used withhumans.
Many (= manypeople) have arguedthat she is the finestpoet of our
generation.
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Notice that inboth formal and
informalcontexts we canuse much and
many inaffirmativesentences after
as, so, and too:
I'd say there
were twice as
many women atthe meeting asmen.
She gave meso much
spaghetti, I
couldn't eat it
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But we canuse much and
many at theend ofaffirmative
sentencesafter as, so,
and too:
Do you want someof the pudding?
I've got too much.
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We often use plentyof instead of a lot ofor lots of. However,
plenty of means'enough, or morethan enough' and istherefore not likely
in certain contexts.
We took lots of foodand drink on ourwalk through the
hills,(or ...plenty of...)
Jim doesn't look
well. He's lost a lotof weight,.
('plenty of is unlikelyhere)
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Notice that we don't use plentywithout of before a following
noun:
We've got plenty of time left.(not We've got plenty time left.)
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Each, every and all
We can use each and every with singularcountable nounsto mean all things or people in agroup.
They often have a similar meaning:
Each (or every) ticket costs35.Singularverb
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You can say each of(the.../these.../themetc.):
Each of the ticketscosts35.
Read each of th ese
sentences carefully.
Each of the books isa different color.
You can say every one of (but not every of):
Iveread every one of
those books. (every ofthose books)
Iveread every one of
them.
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For 2 things we can only use each (notevery):
He was carrying a suitcase in
eachhand.
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Eachcan be used in the middle ofa sentence:
The soldiers eachreceivea medal. (= Each
soldier receivesa medal.
The students wereeachgiven a book. (=
Eachstudent wasgiven a book.)
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Each can also be used at the end of asentence:
These pineapples cost1.50 each. (= each of
these pineapples costs 1.50)
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We use they, their and them to refer back tophrases such as each soldier, every candidate
etc. which do not indicate a specific gender (male
or female):
Every cand idate said that theythought the
interview was too long.
Each woman complained that they (or she)
had been unfairly treated.
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Eachartist seesthings differently.
Everyartist issensitive.
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We use every:
Regular repeated events such as:
The festival is held every Augus tin Budapest.
I leave the house every morningat 6 am.
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Every and all
They often have a similar meaning:
When we to talk about time, their meaning is usuallydifferent:
John stayed all weekend. (=the whole of theweekend)
John stayed every weekend when he was atuniversity. (=without exception)
Every student in the class passedthe exam.
All the studentsin the classpassed the exam.
Every country has a national flag. All countries have national flags.
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It rained every daylast week.
It rained all dayyesterday.
N o n o n e ( o f ) a n d n o t a
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N o , n o n e ( o f ) , a n d n o t an y
no + noun She had no shoeson.
No information
was given abouthow the study wasconducted.
There's no trainuntil tomorrow.
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none + 'no noun Have we got any
more sugar?
There's none in the
kitchen.
'How manychildren have yougot?'
'None.'
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We use no or none (of) instead of not a ornot any to emphasize the negative idea in asentence.
Compare:There isn't a key forthis door.
or
There's no key for this door, (moreemphatic)
She didn't give meany help at all.
or
She gave me no help at all
Sorry, there isn't anyleft.
or
Sorry, there's none left
She didn't have anyof the typicalsymptoms of cholera.
or
She had none of the typicalsymptoms of cholera.
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Notice that we can'tuse not any in initialposition in a clause
or sentence:
No force was
needed to makethem move,
(not Not any force wasneeded...)
None of thechildren was/wereawake,
(not Not any of thechildren...)
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We often prefer noand none of ratherthan not any or ...n'tany in formal writtenEnglish
In a formal or literarystyle we can use nota in initial position in aclause or sentence(notice the word orderhere;
Not a word would
she say about therobbery.
Not a sound camefrom the classroom.
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But sometimes wecan use either asingular or plural
noun with littledifference inmeaning:
No answer (or
answers) could befound.
We want to go tothe island butthere's no boat (orthere are no boats)to take us.
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When we use noneof with a plural nounthe verb can be eithersingular or plural,although the singularform is usually moreformal:
However, when we
use none with anuncountable noun theverb must be singular.
None of the parcelshave arrived yet.
(or ...has arrived...)
None of the
homework has beendone.
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If we want to give special emphasis to noor none of we can use phrases like noamount of with uncountable nouns and
not one (of) with singular countablenouns:
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She was so seriously ill that no amount of
expensive treatment could cure her.
It was clear that no amount of negotiation
would bring the employers and workers closer together.
Not one member of the History department
attended the meeting. Not one of the hundreds of families affected
by the noise wants to move.
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PRACTICE
Complete these sentences in the most
appropriate way using no + noun, none of + the
+ noun, or none + 'no noun'.
-When their teacher stood on his chair,____________could understand what was happening.(children)
-The Democrats won a few seats in the south of thecountry, but___________ in the north. (-)
- Do I really have to go and stay with Aunt Agatha?''Yes I'm sorr but there is
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