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Developing a Community-Developing a Community-Based Shellfish Industry for Based Shellfish Industry for
Hawai`iHawai`iRobert HowertonRobert Howerton
Maria HawsMaria Haws
University of HawaiiUniversity of Hawaii
• ConstraintsConstraints
• ObjectivesObjectives
• Traditional Hawaiian FishpondsTraditional Hawaiian Fishponds
• Site SelectionSite Selection
• AccomplishmentsAccomplishments
ConstraintsConstraints
• Hawai`i is only coastal state without a Hawai`i is only coastal state without a bivalve industry.bivalve industry.
• Hawai`i does not have a shoreline Hawai`i does not have a shoreline certification programcertification program
• Hawai`i does not have a certified Hawai`i does not have a certified laboratorylaboratory
• No native bivalve species have been No native bivalve species have been developed for culturedeveloped for culture
• No grow out locations have been identifiedNo grow out locations have been identified
ObjectivesObjectives
• Establish a shellfish working groupEstablish a shellfish working group• Conduct spawning trials on indigenous Conduct spawning trials on indigenous
speciesspecies• Identify two grow out sites on Moloka`iIdentify two grow out sites on Moloka`i• Work with state agencies responsible for Work with state agencies responsible for
shellfish sanitationshellfish sanitation• Determine if permits can be obtained for Determine if permits can be obtained for
non-native speciesnon-native species• Transfer bivalve culture technologyTransfer bivalve culture technology
WHAT IS AN AHUPUA`A?WHAT IS AN AHUPUA`A?
Traditional Hawaiian Traditional Hawaiian FishpondsFishponds
At MAt Mānana Peninsula ānana Peninsula in Pu‘uloa (Pearl in Pu‘uloa (Pearl Harbor) oral tradition Harbor) oral tradition tells of people lined tells of people lined up for more than a up for more than a mile from the mile from the shoreline to the shoreline to the mountains, passing mountains, passing lava rocks “without lava rocks “without touching the ground touching the ground in transit” (Cobb, in transit” (Cobb, 1903).1903).
LOKO I`A KALOLOKO I`A KALO
KEANAE KEANAE MAUIMAUI
LOKO WAILOKO WAI`ALEKOKO (Menehune)
FISHPOND KAUA`I
LOKO PU`UONELOKO PU`UONE
Hawaii Kai O`ahuHawaii Kai O`ahu
LOKOLOKO KUAPĀKUAPĀ
Kāne`ohe Bay O`ahuKāne`ohe Bay O`ahu
Hawaiian Fishpond CensusHawaiian Fishpond Census
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
NU
MB
ER
.
Kuapa Puuone Wai Kalo Umeiki (?) Natural
TYPE OF FISHPOND
30%
25% 23%
1% 4%
7% 8%
Total = 488 Source: DHM Planners Inc. 1990
Hawaiian Fishpond CensusHawaiian Fishpond Census
020406080
100120140160180
NU
MB
ER
.
Hawaii Maui Lanai Molokai Oahu Kauai
LOCATION OF FISHPONDS
Total = 488 Source: DHM Planners Inc. 1990
28 %
9 %
1 %
36%
15 %10 %
Hawaiian Fishpond Restoration EffortsHawaiian Fishpond Restoration Efforts
PASSING THE STONES
SETTING THE STONES
FINISHED KUAPĀ(POND WALL)
Accomplishments to dateAccomplishments to date
Establishment of shellfish working groupEstablishment of shellfish working group Two native species identified for cultureTwo native species identified for culture
Indigenous SpeciesIndigenous Species
Dendostrea sandvichensis
Spondylus sp.
Hawaiian OystersHawaiian Oysters
Accomplishments to dateAccomplishments to date
Establishment of shellfish working groupEstablishment of shellfish working group Two native species identified for cultureTwo native species identified for culture Three trial sites on Moloka`i and one on Three trial sites on Moloka`i and one on
O`ahuO`ahu
Island of Moloka`i
Keawanui FishpondKeawanui Fishpond
Keawanui FarmsKeawanui Farms
Kaloko`eli FishpondKaloko`eli Fishpond
Heei`a Fishpond O`ahuHeei`a Fishpond O`ahu
Accomplishments to DateAccomplishments to Date
Establishment of shellfish working groupEstablishment of shellfish working group Two native species identified for cultureTwo native species identified for culture Three trial sites on Moloka`i and one on O`ahuThree trial sites on Moloka`i and one on O`ahu State DOH, ADP and DLNR are members of the State DOH, ADP and DLNR are members of the
shellfish working groupshellfish working group Import permits have been approved for all Import permits have been approved for all
demonstration sites for three non-native speciesdemonstration sites for three non-native species Animals will be shipped to Moloka`i and O`ahu Animals will be shipped to Moloka`i and O`ahu
next month next month
AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments USDA-CTSAUSDA-CTSA
Maui County Office of Economic DevelopmentMaui County Office of Economic Development
Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources CenterCenter
University of Hawaii Sea Grant College ProgramUniversity of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program
Maui Community CollegeMaui Community College