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Developing a Remote Data Link for an Integrated Ocean
Observing System
Stephen R. PiotrowiczStephen R. Piotrowicz
Ocean.USOcean.USThe National Office for Integrated and Sustained Ocean ObservationsThe National Office for Integrated and Sustained Ocean Observations
THE SLOCUM MISSIONBy: Henry Stommel
This science fiction article, by the late Dr. Henry Stommel, was published in Oceanography, April 1989.
Argo Profiling FloatsArgo Profiling Floats Operational CharacteristicsOperational Characteristics
Surface to 2,000 mSurface to 2,000 m Salinity, Temperature and Operational Salinity, Temperature and Operational
InformationInformation Position provides Trajectory DataPosition provides Trajectory Data Repeat Transmission every 60 to 72 seconds, Repeat Transmission every 60 to 72 seconds,
10 hours every 10 days10 hours every 10 days Normally around 50 pressure levels (range 33 to Normally around 50 pressure levels (range 33 to
115)115) Data – 348 to 464 bytes (12 to 16 Argos Data – 348 to 464 bytes (12 to 16 Argos
messagesmessages
Future RequirementsFuture Requirements Transmit 500 pressure levels within one hour Transmit 500 pressure levels within one hour
with reduced power demands for with reduced power demands for communicationscommunications
Two-way communications (not necessarily on Two-way communications (not necessarily on demand) for programmingdemand) for programming
ORBCOMM Float Temperature ORBCOMM Float Temperature DataData
ORBCOMM Float Salinity DataORBCOMM Float Salinity Data
January 1998 – NSF SBIR to NAL Research (ORBCOMM/Iridium) August 1999 – Iridium Filed for Bankruptcy Protection April 2000 – ONR Submitted Navy SBIR Topic Request to Support NOPP
“Remote Data Link for an Integrated Ocean Observing System” December 2000 – Iridium Satellite LLC Formed May 2001 – SBIR Phase I Awarded
NAL Research – Data Unit System Development Omnet – Data Delivery Services
March 2002 – Phase II Contracts Awarded 96 Iridium LBTs (L-Band Transceivers)
Defense Information Systems Agency Participation 104 SIM (System Identification Module) Cards Department of Defense Gateway in Hawaii
Program History
Current Status of Iridium
66 Operational Satellites – 11 in 6 Orbital Planes
14 In-orbit Spares – At Least One in Each Plane Full Constellation Life Minimum, mid- 2010 – Aerospace Corp. Independent Study
Gateways Tempe, Arizona – Primary Gateway Fucino, Italy DoD Gateway in Hawaii Gateways to be Added to Support Commercial Demand
Satellite Network Operations Center in Leesburg, Virginia
Back-Up Facility in Chandler, Arizona
Mobile-to-Mobile Data CallMobile-to-Mobile Data Call
Iridium Gateway
D900Inter-Working
Equipment
1. MA#1 dials MSISDN or MSISDN-C of MA#21. MA#1 dials MSISDN or MSISDN-C of MA#22. MA#1 call is set-up and connected to interworking equipment2. MA#1 call is set-up and connected to interworking equipment3. Ring alert and call set-up issued by gateway to MA#23. Ring alert and call set-up issued by gateway to MA#24. MA#2 answers incoming call request (total set-up ~25 sec)4. MA#2 answers incoming call request (total set-up ~25 sec)5. End-to-End connection established, over the constellation, between 5. End-to-End connection established, over the constellation, between
MA#1 & MA#2MA#1 & MA#2
1
2
2 2
MobileApplication
(MA#1)
MobileApplication
(MA#2)
3
3
4
5
5
1
9500 Phone Converted to Data Module9500 Phone Converted to Data Module Vendor Selected and NRE Funded by IridiumVendor Selected and NRE Funded by Iridium Serial, Power and Antenna ConnectorSerial, Power and Antenna Connector Dial-Up and Internet Data ServicesDial-Up and Internet Data Services Cost of Production Units - $1,000Cost of Production Units - $1,000 Available NowAvailable Now Quantity Subject to Available InventoryQuantity Subject to Available Inventory
Service Cost - <$0.12/kbyteService Cost - <$0.12/kbyte Power - 20 J/kbytePower - 20 J/kbyte Two-Way CommunicationTwo-Way Communication Guaranteed Packet DeliveryGuaranteed Packet Delivery
Data Unit Phase I
Data Unit Phase I
Weight: ~580 g (~500 w/o GPS)Dimensions: 9.5” L x 2.8” W x 1.5” DSIM Card Reader: InternalOperating Frequency: 1616 - 1626.5 MHzPower: 0.75W Average (0.6W w/o GPS)Operating Temperature: -30°C/+60°CDuplexing Method: Time Division DuplexMultiplexing Method: TDMA/FDMALink Margin (w/external antenna): 12.5 dB averageData Rate: 2400 bits per secondInterface: Standard RS-232 (AT commands)
9505 Based Product9505 Based Product Leverage Current Handset ProductionLeverage Current Handset Production Work with Celestica and Third Party Vendor to Obtain Work with Celestica and Third Party Vendor to Obtain
Board Level product.Board Level product. 30% Reduction in Physical Size as compared with 950030% Reduction in Physical Size as compared with 9500 15% Less Power Consumption during data calls15% Less Power Consumption during data calls Dial-up and PPP Internet Access Data ServicesDial-up and PPP Internet Access Data Services Short Burst Data CapableShort Burst Data Capable
Next GenerationNext Generation
Data Unit Phase II – Next Generation
Program Status
Distributing 96 L-Band Transceivers and 104 SIM Cards Web Solicitation for Potential Applications Objective is a Spectrum of Platforms, Environments, and Data Delivery Requirements Participants Selected in June Distribution of Conventional Data Units Began in June 2002 Distribution of GPS Capable Units Began February 2003
Global Participation
International – Australia and U.K.; 5 Investigators/6 Projects United States – 33 Projects
18 Academic (Navy, NSF, State) 8 NOAA 3 Department of Defense (2 Navy, 1 SACLANT) 3 Commercial 1 NASA
Argo Profiling Floats
22 GPS-Equipped Units Short-Burst Data Operational Implementation
Cost and Billing Data Dissemination Command and Control
Iridium Gateway
D900SBM NetworkEquipment
Internet
UserApplication
Short Burst Data is an Efficient Packet-Based Service.Short Burst Data is an Efficient Packet-Based Service. Service is Planned to Support ~1900 bytes in both MO & MT Service is Planned to Support ~1900 bytes in both MO & MT
DirectionsDirections Pricing plans to be based on per byte usagePricing plans to be based on per byte usage Combination of Circuit & Short Burst Data Results in Cost Combination of Circuit & Short Burst Data Results in Cost
Effective Usage Growth.Effective Usage Growth.
Short Burst Data Service
DISA Commercial
Soft SIM Card ConceptNAL Research, Manassas, VA
Users Users
DISASIM Card
DISASIM Card
Comm.SIM Card
Comm.SIM Card
Modem 1 Modem 2 Modem 3 Modem 4 Modem 5
SoftSIM Card
SoftSIM Card
SoftSIM Card
SoftSIM Card
University of Washington Seaglider
Courtesy of Charlie Eriksen, University of Washington
Iridium Controlled; 377 dives some to 1,200 metersGlider was redirected and recovered by small vessel
30 J/kbyte
$0.11/kbyte
Some Issues for the Community
Hardware Configuration and Design Antennas LBTs Other (e.g., PC Board)
Transmission Protocols Common Needs
Data Routing Data Distribution Data Storage
Technical Working Group (?) National International Other Telemetry Technologies
Input Into Future Developments Fourth Generation LBT!
Costs
MUOS(Multiple User Objectives System)
Operational in 2013 Flying/Beta Testing ? Global, Real-Time, Two-Way, Etc. Iridium-Compatible, Plug-In Modules