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Certfiegnka nk Rorspoitnvos ec Ifnmd Dovomepgokt, H FID Lee`

DOSOMERNKA IEAKNTNSO HLNMNTNOY NKIFNMD\OK HT YIFEEM

Degokni Ghrlhknhka

Ieakntnvo dovomepgokt rocors te tfo study ec nktommoituhmdovomepgokt nk h ifnmd. Tfo study nkimudos hk httogpt teukdorsthkd nkcerghtnek preiossnka, iekioptuhm roseurios,porioptuhm s`nmm, mhkauhao mohrknka, hkd etfor hspoits ec

lrhnk dovomepgokt nk ifnmdrok. Rfnmesepfors hkdpsyifemeansts tfreuaf fnstery fhvo letf ghrvomod ht tfopfokegokh ec `kewmodao hiiugumhtnek, rotoktnek,preiossnka, hkd utnmnzhtnek. Ieakntnvo dovomepgokt nsiruinhm ket just tewhrds nkdopokdokt lomnoc-cerghtnek(roahrdnka somc, uknvorso, hkd Aed) lut hmse tewhrds hitnvonktommnaokt nkvemvogokt nk tfo gh`nka ec fnstery0 cer fnsteryns tfo preduit ec lomnocs nk hitnek. Hknghms dekt irohto

fnstery loihuso tfonr oxnstokio ns goromy nkstnkituhm hkdket nktommoituhm. Nt ns fughks wfe irohto, nktorprot, hkdroierd fnstery.

Nk tfo phst pfnmesepfy (letf soiumhr hkd romnaneus) pmhyodsnakncnihkt remos nk prevndnka tfo crhgower` cerpsyifemeanihm tfoernos ec ieakntnvo dovomepgokt hkd ifnmdoduihtnek. Cer nksthkio, tfo deitrnko ec ronkihrkhtnekpmhyod hk ngperthkt remo nk Rmhtes tfoery ec `kewmodao hs

roiemmoitnek hkd oduihtnek hs h gndwncory nktorvoktnek tefomp h seum roiemmoit wfht whs nkkhto te nt. Yngnmhrmy, tfondoh ec h pro-oxnstokt, puro, hkd hmm-succninokt seum pmhyodhk ngperthkt remo nk tfo deitrnkos ec Jhnknsg hkd Fnkdunsgwforo oduihtnek tewhrds somc-rohmnzhtnek, spnrntuhm hustorntycer rocnknka ec ieakntnvo ihphintnos, loihgo ndohm. Ek tfoetfor fhkd, tforo woro tfeso wfe rojoitod tfo vnow tfhttfo seum pessossod hky nkkhto nkcerghtnek ht lnrtf. Roepmo

mn`o Jefk Mei`o (839

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Certfiegnka nk Rorspoitnvos ec Ifnmd Dovomepgokt, H FID Lee`

ngprossneks hro ghdo ly oxpornokio upek tfo smhto ec fnsgnkd. Ngghkuom @hkt (81-8>?-8>93)hkd pepumhrnzod ly J.L. Qhtsek (8616-8>?6))0 tfo etfor ns

ihmmod Eporhkt er Nkstrugokthm Iekdntneknka (tfo tfoerywforoec whs dovomepod ly L.C. Y`nkkor (8>24-8>>2)).Hiierdnka te QerdKot, iekdntneknka rocors te h mohrknkapreioss nk wfnif hk erahknsgs lofhvner loiegosdopokdokt ek tfo eiiurrokio ec h stngumus nk ntsokvnrekgokt. Cer nksthkio, h ifnmd kovor cohrs h wfnto rht,lut fo cohrs meud kenso. Nc tfo meud kenso ns ghdo te ropohtwntf ovory hppohrhkio ec h wfnto rht cer h kuglor ec tngos,

tfok tfo ifnmd wnmm sthrt cohrnka tfo wfnto rht ovok nc nthppohrs wntfeut tfo meud kenso. Tfo wfntokoss hkd tfocurrnkoss ec tfo rht wnmm tfok lo se aokorhmnzod tfht tfo ifnmd

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Certfiegnka nk Rorspoitnvos ec Ifnmd Dovomepgokt, H FID Lee`

wnmm try te ruk hwhy creg ovory hppohrhkio ec h wfnto curryeljoit, tforohctor. Foro, cohr ns h lofhvner dopokdokt ek

tfo meud kenso (wfnif stngumhtos cohr-rospekso). Hctor hcow hsseinhtneks wntf h wfnto rht, nt iekdntneks tfo wfnto rhtte omnint tfo shgo `nkd ec cohr-rospekso. Tfns ns hk oxhgpmoec Imhssnihm Iekdnt neknka.8 Yngnmhrmy, hs nk EporhktIekdn t neknka wfnif oxpmhnks wfy poepmo hvend lofhvnertfht lrnkas phnk (puknsfgokt) hkd dovomep lofhvner tfhtlrnkas rowhrds, sego fhvo hrauod tfht, ifnmdrok usuhmmymohrk mhkauhao ly trynka vhrneus ieglnkhtneks ec seukdshkd lonka rowhrdod (cer oxhgpmo, wntf prhnso hkd

httoktnek) ly tfonr phrokts hkd etfors cer tfeso seukds tfhtroprosokt truo mhkauhao.3-8>62) ns ieksndorod te lo tfo gestngperthkt gedork tfoernst nk tfo study ec ieakntnvodovomepgokt. Fo dovomepod tfo gest dothnmod hkdiegprofoksnvo tfoery ec ieakntnvo dovomepgokt hkd ihmmodfns hpprehif aokot ni opnstoge meay, wfnif ns tfo study ectfo ernank (aokosns) hkd dovomepgokt ec tfo khturo hkdhiqunsntnek ec `kewmodao.4Rnhaots vnow ns hmse rocorrod tehs h iekstruitnvnst vnow. Iekstruit nv nsg sthtos tfht

8Imnccerd T. Gerahk,H Lrnoc Nktreduitnek te Rsyifemeay, 11), pp 6?-61.63), p. 49>.

9\elort J. Ytorklora, Nkdnvnduhm Dnccorokios nk Ieakntnvo

Dovomepgokt,Lmhi`womm Fhkdlee` ec Ifnmdfeed IeakntnvoDovomepgokt (Od. _sfh Aeswhgn0 Lmhi`womm Rulmnsfnka,

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Certfiegnka nk Rorspoitnvos ec Ifnmd Dovomepgokt, H FID Lee`

poepmo nktorprot tfonr okvnrekgokts hkd oxpornokios nkmnaft ec tfo `kewmodao hkd oxpornokios tfoy hmrohdy fhvo.

Roepmo de ket sngpmy th`o nk hk oxtorkhm rohmnty hkddovomep hk ukifhkaod, oxhit gokthm iepy ec eljoits erovokts. Nkstohd, tfoy lunmd (er iekstruit) tfonr ewknkdnvnduhm ukdorsthkdnkas hkd `kewmodao.? Nt ns tfo vnowtfht poepmo iekstruit tfonr ewk `kewmodao hkdukdorsthkdnka ec tfo wermd ly usnka wfht tfoy hmrohdy`kew hkd ukdorsthkd te nktorprot kow oxpornokios.3Ketekmy deos eko iekcerg tfo wermd te ekos ewk provneusukdorsthkdnka ec nt0 lut, fo hmse hmmews fngsomc te lo

gedncnod hkd iekcergod te tfo kow `kewmodao fo htthnks.

Nt ns ngperthkt te keto tfht Rnhaots tfoery ec ieakntnvodovomepgokt ns doopmy iekkoitod te tfo lnemeanihmdovomepgokt ec tfo ifnmd. Tforocero, tfo sthaos ecieakntnvo dovomepgokt tfht fo thm`s hleut, wfnif wommelsorvo mhtor, hro qunto lnemeanihmmy cnxod. Tfroo torgs hrongperthkt nk ukdorsthkdnka Rnhaots tfoery ec ieakntnvo

dovomepgokt: erahknzht nek, hdhptht nek, hkd roc moit nvohlstrhit nek.

Erahknzhtnek ns tfo tokdokiy te cerg nkirohsnka ieforokthkd nktoarhtod oktntnos. Hiierdnka te Rnhaot, tfo erahknzodphttork ec hitnek er tfeuaft ns ihmmod tfo sifogo. Ifnmdrokhttogpt te ukdorsthkd tfo wermd tfreuaf vhrneus whys ec`kewnka. Ohif spoincni why ec `kewnka ns h sifogo, hkhitnek soquokio aundod ly tfeuaft.1Qntf tfo fomp ec tfo

sifogo, wfnif ns tfo lunmdnka lmei` ec ieakntnek, tfo ifnmdhttogpts te erahknzo hkd iekstruit fns ukdorsthkdnka ectfo wermd. Twe oxhgpmos weumd lo, iegphro sifogo(wfok tfo ifnmd iegphros sngnmhr tfnkas te ukdorsthkdsegotfnka0 mn`o fo ghy mee` ht h iew hkd usnka tfoiegphro phttork tfnk` tfht nt ns sngnmhr te h dea, lut ec hlnaaor snzo) hkd iektrhst sifogo(wfok tfo ifnmd iektrhsts

?

Jefk M. Iee` & Aroa Iee`, Ifnmd Dovomepgokt: Rrnkinpmos &Rorspoitnvos(Lestek: Hmmyk & Lhiek,

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Certfiegnka nk Rorspoitnvos ec Ifnmd Dovomepgokt, H FID Lee`

h phrtniumhr tfnka wntf hketfor tfnka0 mn`o fo ghy cnkd tfhttfo dea lhr`s hkd deos h cow tfnkas tfht tfo iew kovor

deos). Ly puttnka tfo vhrneus iekstruits teaotfor, tfo ifnmdhttogpts te hrrnvo ht h iekimusnvo ndoh ec tfo eljoit locerofng.

Cnauro 8: Tfo iew ns ket h mhrao deaano

Hdhpthtnek, hiierdnka te Rnhaot, ns tfo why nk wfnif`kewmodao dovomeps. Nt nkvemvos tfo nktorpmhy ec twe

preiossos: hssngn mht nek hkd hiieggedht nek.H ifnmdshttogpt te ukdorsthkd segotfnka kow ns ly gohks econtfor hssngnmhtnek er hiieggedhtnek er ly letf.Hssngnmhtnekeiiurs wfok tfo ifnmd cerios tfo eljoit locerofng te iekcerg te fns prner ukdorsthkdnka. Cer nksthkio,wfok h ifnmd mee`s ht h iew hkd trnos te cnt nt (hssngnmhto) ntnkte for prner `kewmodao ec deas, sfo okds up iekimudnkatfht tfo iew ns h vory mhrao dea. Fewovor, wfok sfo nssfewk tfht tfo iew kontfor lhr`s ker ohts tfo why h dea

deos0 kontfor deos h dea oht arhss er ifow iud tfo why hiew deos, sfo gedncnos for prner ukdorsthkdnka hkdhiieggedhtos tfo kow nkcerghtnek te dnstnkaunsf tfo iewhs hk oktnty dnccorokt creg tfo dea. Tfns ns ihmmodhiieggedhtnek. Rnhaot hmse spe`o ec oqunmnlrnug, wfnif nstfo tokdokiy ec tfo dovomepnka nkdnvnduhm te sthy nklhmhkio nktommoituhmmy ly cnmmnka nk ahps nk `kewmodao hkdrostruiturnka lomnocs wfok tfoy chnm te tost hahnkst rohmnty.6Nc

h phrtniumhr hit ec hssngnmhtnek deos ket wer` iegpmotomy,

6Gerahk, ot hm,Nktreduitnek te Rysifemeay, p. 4

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Certfiegnka nk Rorspoitnvos ec Ifnmd Dovomepgokt, H FID Lee`

eko okds up nk hk nglhmhkiod sthto ihmmod ieakntnvodnsoqumnlrnug. Te rosemvo tfns dnsoqunmnlrnug, tfo ifnmd

httogpts te hiieggedhto er hdjust for sifogos tehifnovo h prhaghtni movom ec ukdorsthkdnka. Nc sfo nssuiiosscum, sfo fhs strui` ht ieakntnvo oqunmnlrnug.

\ocmoitnvo hlstrhitnek ns h why ec hiqunrnka ukdorsthkdnkaly tfnk`nka hlstrhitmy hleut h phrtniumhr oxpornokio, hkdtfus iegnka te aokorhmnzod iekimusnek hleut tfo shgo. Cernksthkio, h ley th`os snx stekos hkd hrrhkaos tfog nk ekomnko0 tfok fo th`os tfo steko hkd rohrrhkaos tfog nk twe

mnkos. Fo ketnios tfht tfo kuglor dndkt ifhkao dospntolonka hrrhkaod dnccoroktmy. Tfreuaf rocmoitnvo hlstrhitnek,fo iekimudos tfht kuglor ns ket hccoitod ly hrrhkaogokt.Qfok h ifnmd ns hlmo te de tfht, fo fhs rohifod tfo movom ecrocmoitnvo hlstrhitnek nk tfo sthaos ec ieakntnvodovomepgokt.

Eko hketfor iekiopt ogpfhsnzod ly Rnhaot whs

oaeioktrnsg. Hiierdnka te tfns prnkinpmo, ifnmdrok pmhiotfonr vnow ht tfo ioktor ec tfonr ukdorsthkdnka ec tfo wermdhkd chnm te roieaknzo tfht etfor vnowpenkts ghy hmse oxnst.Nk Rnhaots ewk werds, Te tfnk` oaeioktrnihmmy gohks ektfo eko fhkd tfht eko deos ket hdhpt ekosomc te tfoshynkas ker te tfo vnow-penkts ec etfor poepmo, lut lrnkasovorytfnka lhi` te ekosomc, hkd ek tfo etfor fhkd, tfht ekoth`os eko's ewk nggodnhto porioptnek hs segotfnkahlsemuto, proinsomy te tfo oxtokt tfht eko chnms te lo

hdhptod te tfo porioptneks ec etfor poepmo.>

Tfht mohds us te h dnsiussnek ec tfo Ceur Ythaos ecIeakntnvo Dovomepgokt tfht Rnhaot ndoktncnod. Tfoy hro tfoYokserngeter Tfeuaft, Rroeporhtnekhm Tfeuaft, IekirotoEporhtnekhm Tfeuaft, hkd Cerghm Eporhtnekhm Tfeuaftsthaos. Ohif sthao ns curtfor dnvndod nkte vhrneus sul-sthaos.

>Johk Rnhaot, Judagokt hkd \ohseknka nk tfo Ifnmd (Trhks,

Ghrjerno Qhrdok0 K : Fhrtieurt, Lrhio & Ie, 8>

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Certfiegnka nk Rorspoitnvos ec Ifnmd Dovomepgokt, H FID Lee`

YTHAO 8: YOKYE\NGETE\ YTHAO (Creg Lnrtf te