Developing Diverse Germplasm and Student Skill Sets to Address Needs in the Food Industry.M. Campbell, Truman State University, Truman State University, Annual GEM Cooperator meeting, ASTA, Dec. , Chicago, IL

Truman State University Mandated by the state of Missouri to serve as its only highly selective public Liberal Arts and Sciences University.

Goals of University

- Focus: undergraduates- To ‘Liberally’ Educate- Provide students an opportunity to engage in research.

USDAAmes Iowa (ISU)

Yield – ‘agronomics’

Texas A&M(Drought resistance)

Cornell(Plant Pathology)

UW-Madison(corn silage quality)

NDSU(short season)

Truman State University (Food/industrial starch Development)

USDAUniv. Missouri-(Genomics)

USDA Raleigh NC (NC-state)Yield – ‘agronomics’

Truman

Provides students opportunity to practice applied genetic

1996 - 2012

Faculty

State Funding

Entering Freshman

Corporate Funding – out of state-

-One of 25 state universities with agriculture programs

-Small ag. programs collectively graduate more majors than our ‘Flagship Land-grant’ school

Truman Agriculture program:

Other Challenges :- Varied levels of a basic

understanding of sciences among student and faculty.

- Healthy skepticism vs. general mistrust of industry and new technologies

- Conventional plant breeding lumped with GMO’s

Perkins yellow dent PI 269744Accession was collected -1960. Missouri, US.Locality: From Perkins family in Adair County who have grown it for years

Hybrids replaced local varieties.

USDA scientists rushed to collect and preserve germplasm.

Your grandparents were plant breeders!!!

Resistant starch, the last novelty on that list of ingredients, has the corn refiners particularly excited today. They've figured out how to tease a new starch from corn that is virtually indigestible. You would not think this as a particularly good thing for a food to be, unless of course your goal is to somehow get around the biological limit on how much each of us can eat in a year. Since the body can't break down resistant starch, it slips through the digestive track without ever turning into calories of glucose -- a particular boon, we're told, for diabetics. When fake sugars and fake fats are joined by fake starches, the food industry will at long last have overcome the dilemma of the fixed stomach: whole meals you can eat as often or as much of as you like, since this food will leave no trace. Meet the ultimate -- the utterly elastic! -- industrial eater

Butyrate:

main energy used by large intestinal epithelial (inner lining) cells.

inhibits the malignant transformation of such cells

Colon Cancer:3rd most common cancer in the Western World.

4th most common in US

‘The addition of a resistant starch to oral rehydration solution reduces fecal fluid loss and shortens the duration of diarrhea in adolescents and adults with cholera. ‘

• Hypoglycemia

• low blood sugar, is the most common adverse event associated with insulin therapy.

• Excess insulin in causes large amounts of glucose to be taken up by liver and too little glucose to be released later.

• Especially a problem with children at night.

• Slow release starch theoropy for Nocturnal hypoglycemia

Hepatocyte cell

PI 586689. incorporates germplasm from CIMMYT Pool 33 QPM (modified opaque-2) and synthetic BSCB1(R)C11. Developed by Dr. Brent Zehr at Purdue University. A: F1 ears: PI 586689 x NS amylomaize VII line)

PI 586690. Incorporates germplasm from CIMMYT Pool 33 QPM (modified opaque-2) and synthetic BSSS(R)C11. Developed by Dr. Brent Zehr at Purdue University.

B: F1 ears: 586690 x SS amylomaize VII line)

GEM program and Benefits for Public Cooperators

- Presence of an active plant breeding program educates students and faculty of all majors.

- Financial support helps to leverage further funding.

- Provides relevance to science: food security, economic development, awareness of genetic resources as a non renewable resource

Recently awarded to Missouri State University and Truman State University.

Enhancing plant breeding program through collaborative distance learning and student exchange

History leasons: Embraced by the world, corn became the real gold Columbus discovered.

Corn is a starch crop• 75% starch

• High yielding, stores well, energy dense

• Improved food security

• Shift in Diet: Enriched with carbohydrate.

• Cost: Compromised health

Examples

Porotic hyperostosis: Native Americans in Amelia isle. FL)

Mississippian Skeletal Remains. Indicators of iron deficiency, poor growth and health upon adoption of corn.

Clark Spencer LarsenDepartment of Anthropology The Ohio State University

Enamel hypoplasia: may be due to increased use of maize in the weanling diet (Illinois)

Alan GoodmanDepartment of Anthropology, University of MA

Demonstrate value of diversity to improve a crop.

ae

1. Mutator sbe1a-Mu;ae (Penn State)

2. Gene silencing – antisence/RNAi (DuPont)

Recently this iso-form has been knocked out by ..

Resulting in amylomaize VII starch

Andrew Green; Currently graduate student plant breeding Kansas State

Electronmicroscopy at Truman

GEMS-0067 filamentous granules

Dr. Brent BucknerProfessor of Biology

Genomics: a tool that has application in allele mining with germplasm

Dr. Jon Beck, Computer science

Automated Data Insertions

Populating the database• Manual• Automated

Manual Data Insertions

Dr. Brian LampProfessor of Chemistry

Dr. Cynthia CooperProfessor of Biology

Microbiologist

GEM/LAMP

An International Effort

Resistant starch germplasm

Resistant starch NS

Resistant starch SS

Population/GEM release/Synthetic x GEM Amylomaize VII

WTYield

(bu/ac)MOIS

T Y/M TWT%

stand%

skldg%

rtldgNepal 1701 -- PI 511578 X AR03056:N09B////CH05015:N15///GEMS-67 10.7 77.3 21.3 3.6 54.5 76.4 26.2 26.2

Nepal 1701 -- PI 511578 X CH05015:N15B///GEMS-67 13.7 98.7 21.7 4.6 55.5127.

319.2 21.6

Nepal No. 1 -- PI 208468 X FS8A(S):S09///GEMS-67 14.0 104.6 18.9 5.6 54.6100.

03.3 13.1

Nepal 2402 -- PI 511581 X CHIS740:S11411a////2011-01_SE32_S17///GEMS-67 13.4 101.6 17.4 5.9 57.2 79.1 23.4 24.5Nepal 5503 -- PI 511601 X 2088-01_DK212T_S11/////DKB844:S1601////AR16035:S02///GEMS-67 5.2 37.7 22.0 1.8 43.0 92.7 12.5 15.5

MAKKAI - Punjab, India PI 164375 - X DKB844:S1601////AR16035:S02///GEMS-67 14.6 108.2 19.9 5.6 57.6 88.2 13.2 12.1

Nepal 4109 -- PI 511597 X CHIS740:S1411a////AR16035:S02B///GEMS-67 8.0 58.2 21.0 2.9 55.0 86.8 4.5 3.4

Nepal 5603 -- PI 511602 X CH05015:N1502/////AR03056:N09////CH05015:N15///GEMS-67 9.1 65.1 22.6 2.9 55.2 74.3 11.4 20.3

Nepal 4109 -- PI 511597 X 2011-01_SE32_S170////2011-01_SE32_S17b///GEMS-67 9.5 68.6 21.7 3.3 54.0 84.0 23.0 5.2

Nepal 5603 -- PI 511602 X DKB844:S1601////AR16035:S02///GEMS-67 11.3 76.6 26.4 3.0 52.9 81.2 5.3 11.0PI 208472s (POKHARA) X DK212T:N11a12B/////AR03056:N09B////CH05015:N15B///GEMS-67 13.5 99.5 19.8 5.1 55.6 60.4 7.6 1.5

Nepal 3905A -- PI 511591 X DKB844:S1601////AR16035:S02///GEMS-67 9.3 64.9 25.1 2.7 52.4 72.2 31.6 21.2

Nepal 4104 -- PI 511595 X DKB844:S1601////UR10001:S1813///GEMS-67 13.8 98.6 22.3 4.5 56.9 72.9 1.0 5.8

Entry 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 ns ns

Block ns ns 0.01 ns ns ns 0.02 ns

Soils, climate, adaptation, test crossing of Nepal accessions

Glenn Wehner, animal science

Day 4 Day 80

5

10

15

20

25

30

Average daily gain of chickens feed high amylose versus normal corn (n=10)

High Amylose

Normal

Influence of High Amylose Corn on Growth Rates of Animal?

Figure 3. Reduction in skatole concentration of hog feces when fed a ration containing potato starch as the source of resistant starch (Clause et al 2003)

Incorporation of high amylose corn starch in two noodle types as a means of introducing resistant starch into the diet.

Christina Spellman and Yuka Shibasaki

Udon (Japanese) is a type of thick wheat-based noodle popular in Japanese cuisine (Wiki)

Wheat flour substituted with varying proportions of high amylose starch (HAS)

Udon Noodle Attributes Determined by Japanese Participants

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

attribute

rati

ng

0% HAS

10% HAS

20% HAS

Muffins

Normal ae su2 ae du

ae du su2

Average of All Genotypes

0 30 60 90 12080

90

100

110

120

Average of all genotypes

Av. ae

Av. ae du

Av. ae su2

Av. du su2

Av. normal

Error Bars represent +/- 1 standard error

Population density

Population density