DEVELOPING LEADER AND SOLDIER SKILLS FOR

COALITION OPERATIONS

DEVELOPING LEADER AND SOLDIER SKILLS FOR

COALITION OPERATIONS

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

SCOPE COALITION OPERATIONS AND ASSOCIATED DIFFICULTIES

UN PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES

SOLDIERING DIFFICULTIES

MULTINATIONAL COALITIONS OUTSIDE UN

Continued..

SCOPE

DEVELOPING THE SKILLS

LEADERS

SOLDIERS

INITIATIVES AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

AIMAIM

TO SUGGEST MODALITIES FOR TO SUGGEST MODALITIES FOR

DEVELOPING LEADERSHIP AND DEVELOPING LEADERSHIP AND

SOLDIERING SKILLS FOR COALITION SOLDIERING SKILLS FOR COALITION

OPERATIONSOPERATIONS

COALITION OPERATIONS AND ASSOCIATED

DIFFICULTIES

COALITION OPERATIONS AND ASSOCIATED

DIFFICULTIES

GENERAL MILITARY PRACTICE IN EMPLOYING

COALITION FORCES

GENERAL MILITARY PRACTICE IN EMPLOYING

COALITION FORCES

UN PEACE SUPPORT

OPERATIONS

GENERAL

• CREDIBLE COALITION BY COMBINING FORCES FROM DEVELOPED, REGIONAL AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

• EITHER TO MAINTAIN PEACE (CHAPTER VI)OR TO ENFORCE PEACE (CHAPTER VII)

UN PEACE SUPPORT

OPERATIONS

FORCE STRUCTURE

• DPKO IS THE SUPREME BODY

• MISSION HEADQUARTERS FOR EACH MISSION

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES IN UN PEACE SUPPORT

OPERATIONS

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES IN UN PEACE SUPPORT

OPERATIONS

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES

UNIQUE TASK AND ENVIRONMENT

• EACH OPERATION HAS UNIQUE TASK AND ENVIRONMENT

• UNFAMILIAR TERRAIN, OFTEN WITH INVISIBLE ADVERSARY

• STANDARD MILITARY TASKS WITH FUNDAMENTALLY DIFFERENT PURPOSE

• OVERWHELMING AND DECISIVE FORCE MAY HAVE LITTLE RELEVANCE

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES

DOCTRINAL DIFFERENCES

• COMMANDERS WITH VARIED MILITARY TRAINING, KNOWLEDGE AND BACKGROUND

• MULTINATIONAL BLEND OF STAFFS

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES

MULTI TRAILED LOGISTICS CHAIN

• LOGISTIC AFFILIATION OF CONTINGENTS

• DIVERSIFIED LOGISTICS REQUIREMENTS BASED ON MOU

• EXPERIENCE OF LOGISTICS STAFFS

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES

VARYING STANDARD AND COMMITMENT

• STANDARD OF PROFESSIONALISM, DEGREE OF COMMITMENT

• INFLUENCE ON NATIONAL INTEREST

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES

LACK OF INTER OPERABLE EQUIPMENT

• WIDE VARIANCE IN WEAPON, ARMAMENT AND EQUIPMENT BETWEEN FORCES

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES

LACK OF INTER OPERABLE EQUIPMENT

• COMMUNICATION MAY POSE A SERIOUS PROBLEM

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES

THE HUMAN FACTOR

THE VALUES, CULTURES, TRADITIONS AND BEHAVIOURS OF

SUBORDINATES VARY WIDELY , POSING A

UNIQUE CHALLENGE TO LEADERS

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES

DIPLOMACY

• MILITARY LEADERS NEED TO ROLE PLAY MANAGERS AND DIPLOMATS

• MUDDY BOOT SYNDROME

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES

INTER PERSONAL COMMUNICATION

• LANGUAGE BARRIER POSES GREAT DIFFICULTIES• INTERPRETERS HAVE INHERENT LIMITATIONS

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES

STRESS MANAGEMENT

• FORCES GENERALLY OPERATE IN UNFAMILIAR TERRAIN FAR AWAY FORM OWN COUNTRY

• MEN TEND TO SUFFER FROM HIGH STRESS THAT NEEDS TO BE ADDRESSED

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES

MEDIA MANAGEMENT

• MEDIA IS A MAJOR CONCERN IN ANY CONFLICT

• PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN SHAPING WORLD OPINION

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES

APPEALING GOAL / CAUSE

MEN NEED A GOOD CAUSE TO FIGHT AND DIE

LEADER SHOULD BE ABLE TO GIVE THEM ONE

UN PEACE SUPPORT

OPERATIONS

DIFFICULTIES AT SOLDIERING LEVEL

SOLDIERING DIFFICULTIES

MINDSET AND TRAINING

• MEN ARE NOT ADEQUATELY TRAINED TO OPERATE IN COALITION ENVIRONMENT

• GENERALLY, FOCUS IS ON CONVENTIONAL TRAINING WITH LIMITED EMPHASIS ON OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR

• ADEQUATE TRAINING NEEDED ON FIGHTING LOW INTENSITY CONFLICTS, OPERATIONS IN AID OF CIVIL POWER AND HUMANITARIAN AID

SOLDIERING DIFFICULTIES

LANGUAGE

SOLDIERING DIFFICULTIES

LANGUAGE

• JUNIOR LEADERS / MEN OFTEN NEED TO INTERACT, NEGOTIATE, PACIFY OR WARN LOCAL POPULACE

• LANGUAGE POSES ONE OF THE GREATEST CHALLENGES

• INTERPRETERS CAN BE USED BUT DISADVANTAGES ARE OBVIOUS

SOLDIERING DIFFICULTIES

COMMUNICATION

• DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CAN NOT MATCH SUCH SYSTEMS

• DEVELOPED COUNTRIES HAVE MADE TREMENDOUS PROGRESS AND HAVE ACCESS TO BEST TECHNOLOGIES

• COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENTS MAY NOT BE COMPATIBLE

COALITIONS OUTSIDE UN

LACK OF SUPPORT

• FORCE CONTRIBUTING NATIONS MAY NOT ENJOY ENOUGH POPULAR SUPPORT WITHIN THEIR COUNTRIES

• LACK OF COMPLETE GLOBAL SUPPORT MAY BE A CAUSE OF CONCERN

COALITIONS OUTSIDE UN

OPERATIONAL INTENSITY

• CORRESPONDINGLY HIGHER COMBAT STRESS AND ASSOCIATED DIFFICULTIES

• OPERATIONAL INTENSITY GENERALLY HIGHER THAN UN PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS

COALITIONS OUTSIDE UN

MEDIA

• MEDIA TRIES TO CAPITALIZE ON DIVIDED WORLD OPINION

• LIKELY TO DRAW GREATER MEDIA ATTENTION

COALITIONS OUTSIDE UN

MORALE

HIGHER DEGREE OF COMBAT STRESS MAY RESULT IN INCREASED

NUMBER OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS AND

SUICIDES

DEVELOPING THE SKILLS

DEVELOPING THE SKILLS

DEVELOPING LEADERS

DEVELOPING LEADERS

TRAINING THE COMMANDERS AND STAFFS INSTITUTIONS IMPARTING TRAINING TO OFFICERS :

NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE

ARMED FORCES WAR COLLEGE

DEFENCE SERVICES COMMAND AND STAFF COLLEGE

ARMS AND SERVICES TRAINING SCHOOLS / INSTITUTIONS

PEACE SUPPORT OPERATION TRAINING CENTRES / SCHOOLS

DEVELOPING LEADERS

BLENDING MILITARY, DIPLOMATIC AND HUMANITARIAN APPROACH

INTIMATE MISSION SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE

MEDIA MANAGEMENT

GREATER ADAPTABILITY AND FLEXIBILITY

DEVELOPING LEADERS

INTELLIGENCE

MAN MANAGEMENT SKILLS

LOGISTICS OFFICERS TRAINING

IMPERSONAL AND FIRM APPROACH

DEVELOPING SOLDIERS

DEVELOPING SOLDIERS

UNIT TRAINING

TRAINING CAN BE DIVIDED IN TWO BROAD CATEGORIES:

ADDITIONAL TRAINING IS NEEDED FOR GROUND COMBAT UNITS

INSTITUTIONAL TRAINING

UNIT TRAINING AS PER YEARLY TRAINING PLAN

DEVELOPING SOLDIERS

OPERATIONS SPECIFIC TRAINING

CRITICAL TASKS FUNDAMENTAL TO PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS:

PATROLLING

ESTABLISHING AND OPERATING OBSERVATION POSTS

PROTECTION OF LINES OF COMMUNICATION

SETTING UP / OPERATING CHECK POINTS

Continued..

DEVELOPING SOLDIERS

OPERATION SPECIFIC TRAINING

CRITICAL TASKS FUNDAMENTAL TO PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS:

ESCORTING CONVOYS

PROTECTION OF PERSONNEL

AMBUSH AND COUNTER AMBUSH

PROTECTION OF VULNERABLE POINTS AND KEY POINT INSTALLATIONS

RESPONDING TO INDIRECT FIRE

Continued..

DEVELOPING SOLDIERS

OPERATION SPECIFIC TRAINING

CRITICAL TASKS FUNDAMENTAL TO PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS:

SECURING AND HOLDING LODGEMENT

OPERATING IN BUILT UP AREAS

MEASURES AGAINST SUICIDE BOMB ATTACKS

MINE / IED CLEARANCE

Continued..

DEVELOPING SOLDIERS

OPERATION SPECIFIC TRAINING

CRITICAL TASKS FUNDAMENTAL TO PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS:

CROWD / REFUGEE CONTROL

DEALING WITH CIVILIANS

INTERACTING WITH UN AGENCIES AND NON GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS

DEVELOPING SOLDIERS

MISSION SPECIFIC TRAINING

LOCAL CONDITIONS

RELIGIOUS, CULTURAL AND SOCIAL CUSTOMS / VALUES OF LOCAL POPULACE

STATUS OF COALITION FORCE AS PER SOFA, IF APPLICABLE

SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT, ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL LAW

ASPECTS LIKE HEALTH AND HYGIENE, PREVENTIVE MEASURES AGAINST DISEASES ETCETERA

DEVELOPING SOLDIERS

TRAINING ON SPECIAL WEAPON / EQUIPMENT

NON LETHAL WEAPONS TO MINIMIZE CIVILIAN CASUALTIES

CROWD AND MOVEMENT CONTROL EQUIPMENTS

EQUIPMENTS FOR DETECTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF BOMBS AND IEDs

NIGHT VISION DEVICES, GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS ETCETERA

DEVELOPING SOLDIERS

TRAINING OF SPECIAL FORCES

SPECIAL FORCES CAN BE EMPLOYED IN PEACE ENFORCEMENT AND HIGH INTENSITY OPERATIONS

MISSION SPECIFIC TRAINING NEEDED

INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES

TRAINING IN PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS TRAINING CENTRES

INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES

TRAINING IN PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS TRAINING CENTRES

CENTRAL PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS TRAINING CENTRE UNDER UN

ALL INSTITUTIONS CAN BE AFFILIATED, NETWORKED AND CAN HAVE UNIFORMITY IN TRAINING CURRICULUM

PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS TRAINING CENTRES ON A REGIONAL BASIS

INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES

STANDARDIZATION OF GENERAL TRAINING

PRESENTLY, ARMED FORCES ARE MOSTLY USING THEIR OWN EXPERIENCE FOR TRAINING

UN OR SELECTED REPRESENTATIVE CAN PLAY COORDINATING ROLE

Continued..

INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES

STANDARDIZATION OF GENERAL TRAINING

SUCH RESPONSIBILITIES MAY INCLUDE:

LAYING DOWN SYLLABI FOR INSTITUTIONAL AND UNIT TRAINING

DETERMINING BROAD PARAMETERS FOR MISSION SPECIFIC TRAINING

DECISIONS ON LINGUISTIC TRAINING

UPDATING AND CIRCULATING TRAINING MATERIALS

INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES

STANDARDIZATION OF GENERAL TRAINING

SUCH RESPONSIBILITIES MAY INCLUDE:

PLANNING AND CONDUCTING INTERNATIONAL EXERCISES

DEVELOPING AND CIRCULATING A SERIES OF COMMON SCENARIOS BASING ON PERCEIVED FUTURE EMPLOYMENT OF COALITION FORCES

INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES

STANDARDIZATION OF TRAINING MANUALS

UN FIELD MANUALS ON PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS

MANUALS SHOULD COVER THE ENTIRE SPECTRUM OF PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS

STANDARDIZED GENERIC TRAINING MODULE (STGM) IS ALREADY IN PLACE. BUT MORE NEEDS TO BE DONE

INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES

INFORMATION SHARING

INTERNATIONAL SEMINARS, WAR GAMING EXERCISES, CASE STUDIES, SITUATION TRAINING EXERCISES ETCETERA CAN HELP BENEFIT FROM EACH OTHER

INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES

FEEDBACK SYSTEM

CAN BE A KEY COMPONENT IN ENHANCING PERFORMANCE

UN MAY CONSIDER DEVELOPING A 360 DEGREE ASSESSMENT AND FEEDBACK SYSTEM

COMPREHENSIVE FEEDBACK ON PERFORMANCE INCLUDING WEAKNESSES AND LESSONS LEARNT CAN HELP PERFORM BETTER IN FUTURE

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