+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Developing Operational Scenarios for Asteroid Exploration Background, Scenarios, Activities,

Developing Operational Scenarios for Asteroid Exploration Background, Scenarios, Activities,

Date post: 23-Mar-2016
Category:
Upload: hua
View: 73 times
Download: 2 times
Share this document with a friend
Description:
Developing Operational Scenarios for Asteroid Exploration Background, Scenarios, Activities, . Based on Report of HEFT NEO User Team 9/27/10 Presented by P.E. Clark (IACS/CUA) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Popular Tags:
12
Developing Operational Scenarios for Asteroid Exploration Background, Scenarios, Activities, Based on Report of HEFT NEO User Team 9/27/10 Presented by P.E. Clark (IACS/CUA) Team Members include P.E. Clark, and C. Weisbin (Lead), W. Lincoln, J. Mrozinski, V. Adumitroaie, H. Hua, K. Shelton, J.H. Smith, A. Elfes (NASA/JPL) Clark et al, FESWG, Asteroid Exploration, 4/18/13
Transcript
Page 1: Developing Operational Scenarios for Asteroid Exploration Background, Scenarios, Activities,

Clark et al, FESWG, Asteroid Exploration, 4/18/13

Developing Operational Scenarios for Asteroid ExplorationBackground, Scenarios, Activities,

Based on Report of HEFT NEO User Team 9/27/10

Presented by P.E. Clark (IACS/CUA)

Team Members include P.E. Clark, and C. Weisbin (Lead), W. Lincoln, J. Mrozinski, V. Adumitroaie, H. Hua, K. Shelton, J.H. Smith, A. Elfes (NASA/JPL)

Page 2: Developing Operational Scenarios for Asteroid Exploration Background, Scenarios, Activities,

Clark et al, FESWG, Asteroid Exploration, 4/18/13

Explore NOW (NEO Objectives Workshop (August 2010)

Objectives1. Demonstrate deep space capabilities: operations, human health, systems

2. Characterize NEOs – composition, porosity, size, spin rate, binary, etc.3. Mitigate the threat of NEOs to planet Earth

Primary activities1. Sample Collection, examination handling

2. Testing hardware and software systems3. Deploying scientific instruments4. Testing NEO deflection techniques

Top-level phases of a mission to a NEO:1. LEO preparation2. Outbound transit to a NEO3. NEO operations – human spacecraft,

EVA, science and robotics (focus here)4. Earth return transit

Study Focus

Asteroid Group Class Size (m) Close Encounter

99942 Apophis Aten Sq 350 20292001 CC21 Apollo X 400-1100 20231998 UQ Apollo C 560-7601991 JW Apollo S? 520 20101999 RA32 Apollo ? 200 20242008 EV5 Aten X 320 2023 1996 FG3 Apollo C 1100 20221999 YB Apollo S 6404660 Nereus Apollo X 470-1330 2021

Page 3: Developing Operational Scenarios for Asteroid Exploration Background, Scenarios, Activities,

Clark et al, FESWG, Asteroid Exploration, 4/18/13

Sampling Strategy for Asteroid Study addresses following issues (from NASA requested New Opportunities in Solar System Exploration, 2007):

1. Processes that marked initial stages of planet and satellite formation (bulk composition versus solar distance, interior structure and evolution)

3. How did impactor flux decay during the solar system’s youth and influence the timing of life’s emergence on Earth? (history and role of early impacts, impactor flux  in early solar system and calibraiton of impact record, how impacts alter body's history, evolution, orbital dynamics)

4. What is the history of volatiles, especially water? (distribution, character, origin of volatiles, potential resources)

11. How do the processes that shape the contemporary character of planetary bodies operate and interact? (absolute ages of samples, recent cratering history and current flux, potential resources)

Science Focus

Page 4: Developing Operational Scenarios for Asteroid Exploration Background, Scenarios, Activities,

Clark et al, FESWG, Asteroid Exploration, 4/18/13

Estimated from maps derived either from1. Precursor mission2. Real time evolution during visit of human mission

Example taken from Itokawa1. Path identification

Estimation of number of stops: Very preliminary results2. Variables (path length, site diameter, time at each

site, human mobility speed)3. Constraints (8 hr/day EVA)

Estimation of Number of Sites, Time

Page 5: Developing Operational Scenarios for Asteroid Exploration Background, Scenarios, Activities,

Clark et al, FESWG, Asteroid Exploration, 4/18/13

Path 1

Path 2

Path 3

Potential Rendezvous Site

Smoother Deposits (Regolith Pools, Lower Albedo features)

Unusual Albedo (bluish) features

Bright Albedo Features, Exposed Structures

Hayabusa Touchdown

Clark and Clark, 2013, Chapter 6 in Constant Scale Natural Boundary Mapping to Reveal Global and Cosmic Scale Processes, Springer Brief.

Page 6: Developing Operational Scenarios for Asteroid Exploration Background, Scenarios, Activities,

Clark et al, FESWG, Asteroid Exploration, 4/18/13

How many sites?– Used Itokawa (535 × 294 × 209 m) as example to bound answer for other NEOs.– Site is ~10m.– 3 illustrative exploration paths indentified:

• Path 1: 8 sites, ~350m length one-way.• Path 2: 7 sites, ~300m length one-way.• Path 3: 6 sites, ~400m length one-way.• Total number sites = 21.

– Rough estimate of EVA time required:• Assumed 1 hour per site.• Assumed speed of 3m/min hand-over-hand using tethers/jet pack (need to

confirm with analog testing and precursor characterization).• 8 hour per day EVA constraint requires paths done over multiple EVAs.

Page 7: Developing Operational Scenarios for Asteroid Exploration Background, Scenarios, Activities,

Clark et al, FESWG, Asteroid Exploration, 4/18/13

Surface coverage analysis results• Inputs: Diameter of NEO, Number of sites, Diameter of site, Time to explore site, Time to move from site to site.• Outputs: Percent coverage of surface, Total time to explore all sites.• Assume sites are distributed uniformly over NEO surface.• Assume sites are located on a loop for an EVA (i.e. start and end are same location).

Page 8: Developing Operational Scenarios for Asteroid Exploration Background, Scenarios, Activities,

Clark et al, FESWG, Asteroid Exploration, 4/18/13

1. Tasks2. Target number of times performed3. Estimated time for task4. Number of astronauts engaged

*Note that these are initial targets for planning purposes and will change when better data is acquired

*Specific instruments and payloads can be identified once there is concurrence re: target tasks

Characterization of Potential Activities

Page 9: Developing Operational Scenarios for Asteroid Exploration Background, Scenarios, Activities,

Clark et al, FESWG, Asteroid Exploration, 4/18/13

Science, Resource & Planetary DefensePotential Tasks for NEO surface

Science Tasks Estimated number of times tasks done per site, and time per task

Number of Astronauts

Geological Context Survey, Implicit

Continuous

Context of geological features * All Ground Penetrating Radar Mounted on

droneGeochemical & Geotechnical

survey

Mounted on drone

Magnetometer Mounted on drone

Mass Spectrometer Mounted on drone

Neutron Albedo Sounder Mounted on drone

Geological Context Survey, Explicit tasks

Panoramic Visual Survey 5 min per astronaut – done first, and done every ~15 min thereafter

Each astronaut takes Panorama at a site

Acquisition of Carefully Selected Samples

As time & potential geologic interest permit

Highly selected rock acquisition **

8 – 18 samples; 2 min per rock 2 astronauts

Regolith sampling (scoop & contain)

8 – 12 samples; 2 min per sample 1 astronaut

Subsurface sampling (10 cm-1 m)

0 – 2 samples; 25 min per sample 1 astronaut + subsurface sampling mechanism

Volatile collection 5 samples; 2 minute per sample 1 astronautScience Station Deploy (including beacon)

1 per mission; 180 min (3 hrs) 2 astronauts

* Continuous Context Survey – forming theory of NEO history, selecting potential samples** Highly selected rock acquisition –geochem. instrument to validate interest, document, packageTimes extrapolated from Apollo Lunar Surface Journal

Page 10: Developing Operational Scenarios for Asteroid Exploration Background, Scenarios, Activities,

Clark et al, FESWG, Asteroid Exploration, 4/18/13

Potential IVA tasks• Station keeping and orbiting of NEO• Testing NEO deflection techniques

– Test deflection methods (e.g. gravity tractor, kinetic impact, other slow push/pull techniques)

– Observe the effects of laser and solar concentrators on surface materials

• Human Health and Research– Develop and test regenerative life support for long-duration

missions without resupply– Understand human factors on long-duration missions– Assess human capabilities to tolerate radiation exposure,

isolation and confinement, and bone and muscle loss

Page 11: Developing Operational Scenarios for Asteroid Exploration Background, Scenarios, Activities,

Clark et al, FESWG, Asteroid Exploration, 4/18/13

Questions?

Page 12: Developing Operational Scenarios for Asteroid Exploration Background, Scenarios, Activities,

Clark et al, FESWG, Asteroid Exploration, 4/18/13

Surface coverage analysis• How can we get an estimate of the number of sites without a map?• Estimate using surface coverage analysis.

Distance between sites

Site diameter

Number of potential sites= NEO surface area / area of a hexagon= (2/sqrt(3)) * NEO surface area / distance between sites ^2

Hexagon area =6 * 1/2 * base * height =sqrt(3)/2 * distance between sites^2


Recommended