Developing organic chicken farm in Indonesia: a lesson

from Italy

Eko WidodoDept. Animal Nutrition

University of Brawijaya Indonesia

• Overview on Organic chicken farming worldwide

• Italian organic farm and organic chicken• Development of Indonesian livestock sector

and organic farming• Developing organic chicken farm – a project

on integration of crop-livestock-fish system• My academic visit in Perugia University

Structure of presentation:

The Principles of Organic Agriculture which serve to inspire the organic movement in its full diversity, is based on:

The principle of healthThe principle of ecologyThe principle of fairnessThe principle of care

Organic agriculture is a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and people. It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects.

Definition:

International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM)

Overview on Organic chicken farming worldwide

Organic chicken farm

link

Italian organic farm and organic chicken

Italy is the third largest European market for organic food

A lesson from Italy

GPS-monitoring system

EFSA require (300 mg/100 g egg) to be defined as Functional egg. Organic egg laid in Sping contains 436 mg n-3/100 g egg.

Lutein ++, cholesterol-N-3 ++

So what?

TernakLivestock

Sapi Potong/ Cattle 11,008 11,298 10,533 10,875 11,869Sapi Perah/ Dairy Cattle 354 358 364 369 408Kerbau/ Buffalo 2,405 2,403 2,403 2,167 2,192Kuda/ Horse 412 419 397 398 411Kambing/ Goat 12,566 12,549 12,781 13,790 15,806Domba/ Sheep 7,427 7,641 8,075 8,980 10,392Babi/ Pig 5,357 5,927 5,980 6,218 7,376Ayam Buras/ Native Chicken 259,257 275,292 276,989 291,085 290,803Ayam Ras Petelur/ Layer 69,366 78,039 93,416 100,202 116,474Ayam Ras Pedaging/ Broiler 530,874 865,075 778,970 797,527 1,075,885Itik/ Duck 29,035 46,001 32,573 32,481 36,931

2006 2008*)

* Angka sementara/ Preliminary figures

2000 2002 2004

Development of Indonesian livestock sector and organic farming

Characteristic of livestock farm• Ruminant:

beef cattle: small farmers, pasture based farms and big companydairy cattle: small farmerssheep and goat: small farmersbuffalo: small farmershorse: small farmers and pasture based farms

• Non-ruminant:- chicken: * broiler: small farmers and contract farmers * layer: small farmers and big company * native: small farmers- duck: small farmers (intensive and extensive*)

- pig: small farmers and big company

*mobile house

2002 2003 2004 2005

Meat 2.26 2.62 2.54 2.96

Egg and milk 2.33 2.22 2.38 2.56

Total 4.59 4.84 4.92 5.52

Animal protein consumption (g/capita/d)

Fish : 7-8g/capita/dPlant protein 40-5g/capita/d

Why organic??

• Principles background• Consumer awareness• Market opportunity

To be the third largest organic land and farms in Asia, but….

Indonesian organic farming

Share of total agricultural area

A need to work and building network to develop a healthier life style with organic farming

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008*)0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Ayam Buras/ Native Chicken Ayam Ras Petelur/ Layer Ayam Ras Pedaging/ Broiler Itik/ Duck

Population of Indonesian Poultry (million birds)

Why?

Native chickens are potentially converted into organic system

based on consideration:1. it is extensively raised

2. own by almost household3. not involves in contract with

big company4. potentially developed into

industry especially at rural area

What are needed?

• Established organic system- regulation- certification- model of organic poultry (monoculture/polyculture)

• A clear potential market- developed currently via outlet based- developed via community based

- developed via e-marketing

Outlets/supermarkets

Name of outlet/supermarketSupermarket:Denpasar, Bali AlamiBogor LestariYogyakarta Koperasi SahaniMalang Rumah Organik

Restoran:Yogyakarta Amboja, Milas, Sobo PakualamanTangerang Diva’sJakarta Healthy choiceDenpasar, Bali Kafe Bogor Restoran Mie Sehat

Community basedassociation of healthy choice productsorganic buyer communityorganic for all

Awareness building and education

e-marketing:www.jakerpo.org sahari.orgwww.mymealcatering.com www.multi-organik.com www.healthychoiceindonesia.com

achievements

• SNI/National Standard for organic agriculture• Quality control in processing of organic food• Animal production system and processing of

the products• Establishing Committee of National

Accreditation for organic agriculture• Guideline procedure of certification• Organic related organization, NGO, NPO

certification

• Facilitated by government program for promoting organic movement and life style

• There are 7 organizations engage in certification(Sucofindo, MAL, INOFICE, LSOSB, LeSOS, Biocert and Persada)

• Conducting training for organic instructor with special task for field inspection in relation with certification

Problems: organic chicken

• The number of trained inspector• Breed to be recommended• Quality assurance• Building reputation on brand image• etc

Organic seal

Initial project on integration of crop-livestock-fish

• Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology• Working group of organic production: crops,

cow, chicken, rabbit, fish and crab• Crops: corn, rice, cassava, zalacca, mustard

green, chili, etc• Crop rotation and biological pest control• Animal and fish products• Marketing the products

biodigester

Dairy cow dung

Energy for stove

Hatching-Using a small and simple hatchery for 50 eggs-Hatchability >60%-Young chicks raised under brooder lamp for 2 weeks-They were fed organic ingredients + sludge from the outlet of biogas unit

Raising native layer chicken-PVC net due to flight ability-No broodiness trait

Outdoor run area

Indoor area

Feeding allowance for young chicksAge (week) Daily feed (g) Cummulative (g)

1 5 302 8 863 12 1704 19 3035 25 4786 29 681

Nutrient requirements

• Young chick (1-4 weeks) was given protein 19% and ME 2800 kcal/kg

• Pullet (4-16 week) was given protein 17% and ME 2700 kcal/kg

• Layer (>16 week) was given 15% protein and ME 2600 kcal/kg

Typical dietary compositionIngredient Proportion (%)

Yellow corn 30

Coconut meal 22

Rice polishing 4.5

Fish meal 10

Sludge 20

Coconut oil 6

Mineral mixture 6

Premix 0.5

Vaccination

• ND I immediately after hatching• Coccidiosis at 14 d of age• ND II at 21 d of age• IB at 28 d of age

Economic analysisorganic Non-organic

Egg price (farm gate) IDR 1000/each IDR 850/each

Feed cost (90g/d/bird) IDR 412,240 IDR 405,304

Feed Price per kg IDR 4071 IDR 4003

Saleable egg IDR 500,000 IDR 510,000

IOFC* IDR 87,760 IDR 104,696

*Income over feed cost

Then, I will be working with organic duck

husbandry

Academic Visit• Purpose to compile a textbook: 1. “nutrition and technique for raising organic chicken ” 2. “natural feed additive for poultry” • Discussion on the current issues of organic chicken• Visit research facilities, organic poultry farm, organic outlet, certification body nearby• Jointly published a paper

Possible mission

• Initiate possible cooperation between Perugia University and University of Brawijaya- exchange student- double degree/twinning program- sandwich program- joint research

University of Brawijaya

International Cooperation • Keio, Nagoya, Okayama Universities - Japan• Kentucky University – USA• Massey University – NZ• Monash, Flinder, New South Wales – Australia• Wageningen Agricultural University – the

Netherlands

University of Brawijaya• Faculty of Animal Husbandry• Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science• Faculty of Agriculture• Faculty of Agriculture Engineering• Faculty of Engineering• Faculty of Medicine• Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences• Faculty of Economics• Faculty of Administrative Sciences• Faculty of Social and politics• Faculty of Foreign Languages

www.brawijaya.ac.id

nuhfil hanani 39TERIMA KASIH/grazie

It is a computer animated joke,

Nothing to do with animal welfare !!!