Development and Development and Coordination of Coordination of

E-Transition InitiativesE-Transition Initiatives

Economic Commission for EuropeEconomic Commission for Europe

United NationsUnited Nations

Daewon Choi

WTO Seminar on E-Commerce, CTD, 14 June 2001

E-Transition Programme - Background

Technology infrastructure in Technology infrastructure in developing and developing and transition economies transition economies inadequateinadequate to support to support e-e-business business transtransactionactionss

Most developing and Most developing and transition economy transition economy governments have governments have focused on structural reform focused on structural reform processprocess

E-transitionE-transition requires requires different approachdifferent approach

DevelopmentDevelopment of of the digital economythe digital economy requires requires understanding of the digital trading systemunderstanding of the digital trading system

Government initiative matters for e-public goodsGovernment initiative matters for e-public goods

E-International coordination required but selectively.E-International coordination required but selectively.

2000 0

50

100

150

200

250

2005

Internet Connectivity million

Price for Dial-up for 20 hours

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Alb

ania

Arm

enia

Aze

rbaj

anB

elar

usB

ulga

ria

Cro

atia

Est

onia

Geo

rgia

Hun

gary

Kyr

gist

anLa

tvia

Pol

and

Rom

ania

FYR

OM

USD

E-Banking

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

UKFra

nceSpain

Germany

Sweden US

% population

E-Signature: Legislative Transposition year

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

Italy

Austr

iaSpa

in

UKFra

nce

Sweden

Portu

gal

Ger

man

yFin

land

Hol

and

East

WIPO Copyright Treaty(Geneva, 1996)Status as of February 1, 2001Signatories from Transition EconomiesSignatories from Transition Economies Belarus, Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Belarus, Croatia, Estonia, Hungary,

Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, SloveniMoldova, Romania, Slovakia, Sloveniaa

((10 out of 10 out of 51).51).

Correlation Issues

WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty(Geneva, 1996)Status as of February 1, 2001Signatories from Transition EconomiesSignatories from Transition Economies Belarus, Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Belarus, Croatia, Estonia, Hungary,

Kazakhstan, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Kazakhstan, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, SloveniaSlovakia, Slovenia

((9 out of 9 out of 50).50).

Internet is available and growing but not widespread

Major barrier is telecom infrastructure and poor connectivity

Per-minute tariffing for local calls higher than the West making the Internet out of reach.

Internet in Developing and Transition Economies

Governments can reduce barriers and reform regulations, e.g. local loop or last mile.

Telco policy centred on privatization & competition not sufficient for the Internet expansion

Governments and IOs to consider policies for universal services access in the region.

Alternative access by mobile, fixed wireless, satellite and cable modem can mitigate infrastructure deficiencies but not substitute.

E-Coordination debate needs to balance universal services access and digital rights.

Governments to collaborate with regional and I.O.s for harmonized regulatory framework.

Technology changes the e-framework >>>>>>>>> Digital Trading System

The Digital Trading System:Architecture and Coordination

E-Coordination at the Meta Level

Transaction Process Layers International Trade (eg. Multilateral Trading

System) E-Commerce (eg. Intermediary) Cyber Business (eg. Digital Trading System)

Component Layers Information Exchange Secure Transactions Dispute Settlement

Global Trading System (GTS) = f(MTS, DTS)

MTS: Multilateral Trading System (WTO)MTS: Multilateral Trading System (WTO)

DTS: Digital Trading System (Virtual)DTS: Digital Trading System (Virtual)

Meta-Level Interface

MTSMTS

DTSDTS

The Internet Today

FTP Server

Web ServerDocuments

Database

Database

Application

Application

Web ServerDocuments

Web ServerDocuments

Step 1: Metadata

FTP Server

Web ServerDocuments

Database

Database

Application

Application

Web ServerDocuments

Web ServerDocuments

Step 2: XML Components

FTP Server

Database

Database

Application

Application

Web ServerDocuments

Web ServerDocuments

Web ServerDocuments

Step 3: XML Registries/Repositories

Repository

Registry

Repository

Registry

FTP Server

Web ServerDocuments

Database

Database

Application

Application

Web ServerDocuments

Web ServerDocuments

Step 4: Digital Services Agents

FTP Server

Web ServerDocuments

Database

Database

Application

Application

Web ServerDocuments

Web ServerDocuments

Registry

Registry

Registry

Registry

Agent

Agent

Agent

Step 5: Digital Trading System

FTP Server

Web ServerDocuments

Database

Database

Application

Application

Web ServerDocuments

Web ServerDocuments

Registry

Registry

Registry

Registry

Agent

Digital Dispute Settlement

Agent

E-Trust Intermediaries

E-Payment Process Services

Public DomainBusiness Citizens

ERP/ Transaction

ERP/ Transaction

JobShop

System

JobShop

System

VANVAN HTTPHTTPPublic ServicesProcess

Applications

Public ServicesProcess

ApplicationsUN/EDIFACT

UN/EDIFACTBrowser

Browser

Dispute Settlement Mechanism

E-Public Goods and E-Government

Public ServicesCollaboration Hub

Public ServicesCollaboration Hub

XMLXMLXMLXML

XML Message Service

XML Message Service

AdapterAdapter

XML Message Service

XML Message Service

AdapterAdapter

ProcessIntegration

ProcessIntegration

FinancialServices

InformationServicesXMLXML XMLXML

Dispute Resolution

Secure Transaction

Data Exchange

MTS ETS DTS

International Trade

E-Commerce

Cyber Business

Components of the Global Trading System

Dispute Resolution

Secure Transaction

Data Exchange

Global Trading System

International Trade

E-Commerce

Cyber Business

Doc.EDI

Sig. VAN

CDR. WTO

EDI.Web

E-sig.PKI

ADR (ICC, OECD)

XML, XSL

CA. DRM

DDR

Financial Services

Dispute Resolution

Secure Transaction

Data Exchange

WTO E-Commerce Programme

International Trade

E-Commerce

Cyber Business

ITA

Basci Telcom Services

Competition Policy

E-Commerce

Trade Facilitation

Proposed Dir VAT 7/2000

Dispute Resolution

Secure Transaction

Data Exchange

EU E-Commerce Framework

International Trade

E-Commerce

Cyber Business

Database Protection Dir 96/9

Personal Data Protec Dir 95/46

E-Monex Dir

E-Sig Dir 99/93

ADR. Art 17, E-C Dir 2000/31

Patent Coop Treaty

Dispute Resolution

Secure Transaction

Data Exchange

WIPO Digital Agenda

International Trade

E-Commerce

Cyber Business

Madrid Marks

Hague Ind. Design

WCopyR.Treaty

WPerfor.Phono Tr

gTLDs

Artit.Media Centre

E-Rights

Global Licensing of Digital Assests(study)

Dispute Resolution

Secure Transaction

Data Exchange

BIS Payment and Settlement Systems

International Trade

E-Commerce

Cyber Business

Basel Accord

Pay & Settlement

Intl Accounting Stdd

Risk Manag .for E-Banking & E-Money

Real Time Gross Settl Systems

Dispute Resolution

Secure Transaction

Data Exchange

UN/ECE CEFACT ebXML & E-Transition Programme

International Trade

E-Commerce

Cyber Business

Trade Facilitation Rec.

CEFACT

UN/EDIFACT

E-Transition Programme: eInfra, ePay, eGov, eReg, eLearn

ebXML/ OASIS

UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Internet Enterprise Development

eInfrastructure, eRegulation

eGovernment, ePayment

eStartups, eLearning

ebXML Implementation Framework

Regular sessions in Geneva

E-Survey Series

Regional Conferences

E-Coordination Mechanisms

1. De Facto

2. E-International Organizations

3. National E-Initiatives

E-Issues: E-Infra, E-Restructuring, E-Pay,

E-Gov, E-Regulation, E-Learn

E-Instruments: economic, technical and legal

E-Coordination: global public/private interface

National E-Initiatives: Insitutional Patterns

1. Presidential Commission on Digital Economy

2. Interministerial Advisory Council

3. E-Portfolios

4. E-Programmes

5. E-Centre

6. E-Ad hoc Task Force

7. E-Roadshow

E-Initiatifves: References

E-UK, E-Australia, E-Austria, E-Singapore

E-Estonia, E-Hungary, E-Macedonia for All, E-Russia

Conclusions

Functional Equivalence• Technical neutrality • Legal neutrality

Instruments• National Coordination• International Cooperation• Digital Collaboration

www.unece.org/trade/entdev/internet/id-main.htm

Dae Won ChoiDae Won Choi

UN/ECE Economic Affairs OfficerUN/ECE Economic Affairs Officer

SecretariatSecretariat, UN/ECE Team of Specialists , UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Internet Enterprise Developmenton Internet Enterprise Development

ddaewon.choi@unece.org nece.org ++441.1.2222..917917..24742474