Development Assistance Strategy of Japan International ... · Development Assistance Strategy of...

Development Assistance Strategy of Development Assistance Strategy of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

in Solid Waste Management Sectorin Solid Waste Management Sector

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April 18April 18thth, 2012, 2012

Issei AokiIssei AokiEnvironmental Management Division II,Environmental Management Division II,Global Environment Department, JICAGlobal Environment Department, JICA

ContentsContents

1. Introduction of JICA2. JICA’s Assistance Strategy

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(especially in Solid Waste Management Sector)

3. Case study: JICA Projects on Solid Waste Management

4. Lessons Learned

Introduction of JICAIntroduction of JICA1. Re-founded on October 1st, 20082. Creating a new framework to centrally manage

Japan’s ODA3. Operation in over 150 countries4. Total project scale around US$ 15 billion per year

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4. Total project scale around US$ 15 billion per year

Official Development

Assistance (ODA)

Multilateral aid

Bilateral aid

Technical cooperation151.2 billion yen

Loan assistance891.0 billion yen

Grant aid *154.2 billion yen

*With the exception of cases where MOFA continues to perform grant aid itself based on diplomatic strategy reasons.

FY 2010 Budget1 US$ = 80 JPY approx.

Low carbon societiesSubstantial reduction of green house gases

JICA’s Approach for issues in the Global EnvironmentJICA’s Approach for issues in the Global Environment

Sound Material-Cycle SocietyPromoting 3Rs and sound waste management

Harmonization with natural environmentSucceed the blessings of nature for the future

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JICA's Cooperation for Sound Waste Management in 2009JICA's Cooperation for Sound Waste Management in 2009(unit: thousand JPY)

5Total: TC = 397, ODA Loan = 861, Grant Aid = 985, Grand Total = 2,778 (unit: million JPY)

PhilippinesPhilippinesPhilippinesPhilippines

・The Study on Recycling Industry Development in

the Republic of the Philippines

MalaysiaMalaysiaMalaysiaMalaysia

East and Southeast Asia countriesEast and Southeast Asia countriesEast and Southeast Asia countriesEast and Southeast Asia countries

・Hazardous Waste Management and Appropriate

Disposal for Asia （TJ）（2007－2009）

・Establishment and designing of sound material

cycle society for Asian countries（TJ）（2006－

2008）

・Establishment of Sound Material Cycle Society

for ASEAN Countries -Formulation of Practical

Measures- (TJ)(2009-2011)

JICA Waste Management project in South East Asia 1JICA Waste Management project in South East Asia 1 （（20082008～）～）

DS: Development StudyDS: Development StudyDS: Development StudyDS: Development Study

TD: Technical cooperation TD: Technical cooperation TD: Technical cooperation TD: Technical cooperation

for Development planningfor Development planningfor Development planningfor Development planning

TC: Technical CooperationTC: Technical CooperationTC: Technical CooperationTC: Technical Cooperation

GTC: Grassroots Technical GTC: Grassroots Technical GTC: Grassroots Technical GTC: Grassroots Technical

cooperationcooperationcooperationcooperation

TJ: Training course in TJ: Training course in TJ: Training course in TJ: Training course in

JapanJapanJapanJapan

GT: Group training in third GT: Group training in third GT: Group training in third GT: Group training in third

countriescountriescountriescountries

IndonesiaIndonesiaIndonesiaIndonesia

・Community-Based Solid Waste Management System

Development Project in Makassar City (GTC)(2009/8-

2010/3)

the Republic of the Philippines

（TD）（2006/7－2008/3）

・The master plan on solid waste management for

Boracay Island and Municipality of Malay

（DS）（2007/3－2008/3）

・The master plan on solid waste management for

Boracay Island and Municipality of Malay （TC）

（2007/3－2009/1）

・Establishment of Ecological Solid Waste

Management in three cities

(TC)（2007/10－2010/10）

MalaysiaMalaysiaMalaysiaMalaysia

・Community-Based Solid Waste Management

System Development Project in Sibu City

(GTC)(2010/6-2011/3)

・The Project for Model Development for E-waste

Collection, Segregation and Transportation from

Households for Recycling (TC) (2011.9-2012.11)

ThailandThailandThailandThailand

・Capacity development for young officer in SWM

（GTC）（2008/4－2010/3）

VietnamVietnamVietnamVietnam

・Program for the Trainee from Shizuoka City‘s Friendship

City Hue, Vietnam

（GTC）（2006/4－2009/3）

・The Project for Implementation Support for 3RInitiative in

Hanoi City

（TC）（2006/11－2009/11）

・Plan and Operation of Program to promote Awareness for

3R of Solid Waste (Naha City Model) （GTC）（2008/4-

2011/3）

・HaiPhong City Environmental Improvement Project (I) (LA)

（2005/4－2011/12）

・HaiPhong City Environmental Improvement Project (II) (LA)

（2005/4－2013/9）

JICA Waste Management project in South East Asia 2JICA Waste Management project in South East Asia 2 （（20082008～）～）




GA: Grant AidGA: Grant AidGA: Grant AidGA: Grant Aid

LA: Loan AidLA: Loan AidLA: Loan AidLA: Loan Aid





CambodiaCambodiaCambodiaCambodia

・Strengthening of Solid Waste Management for

the Municipality of Phnom Penh （TC）

（2006/10-2008/3）

MongoliaMongoliaMongoliaMongolia

・Strengthening the Capacity for Solid

Waste Management in Ulaanbaatar City

(TC)(2009/10-2012/10)

ChinaChinaChinaChina

・Establishment of Urban Environmental Improvement

System and Resources Recycling System in China （GTC）

（2007/7－2009/12）

・Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous

RegionYiningCityComprehensive Environmental Renovation

East Asia countriesEast Asia countriesEast Asia countriesEast Asia countries

・Establishment and designing of sound material cycle

society for Asian countries

（TJ）（2006－2008）

・Hazardous Waste Management and Appropriate

Disposal for Asia

（TJ）（2007－2009）

JICA Waste Management project in East AsiaJICA Waste Management project in East Asia （（20082008～）～）

RegionYiningCityComprehensive Environmental Renovation

Project (LA)（2005/4－2011/9）

・Anhui Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Project

(LA)(2008/1-2012/9)

・Hunan Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Project

(LA)(2008/4-2010/12)

・Model Project; Support Da-tong City Construct the

Resource Circulative Society （GTC）（2008/4－2011/3）







LA: Loan AidLA: Loan AidLA: Loan AidLA: Loan Aid



PakistanPakistanPakistanPakistan

・Capacity Building for Solid Waste Management

(TC）（2006/8－2009/3）

・Solid Waste Management for Pakistan (TJ)(2008)

BangladeshBangladeshBangladeshBangladesh

NepalNepalNepalNepal

・・・・The Study on the Solid Waste

management for the Kathmandu Valley

（DS）（2004/1－2007/3）

Southwest Asia countriesSouthwest Asia countriesSouthwest Asia countriesSouthwest Asia countries

・Environmental Management Policy

(TJ)（2006－2008）

・Solid Waste Management Training for

realizing the Improvement Measures

(TJ)（2007－2009）

JICA Waste Management project in Southwest Asia JICA Waste Management project in Southwest Asia （（20072007～）～）

Sri LankaSri LankaSri LankaSri Lanka

・Capacity Upgrading Project for the National Solid

Waste Management Support Center

(TC)（2007/3－2011/3）

・Country Focused Training for Solid Waste Management

in Sri Lanka (TJ)(2009-1013)

BangladeshBangladeshBangladeshBangladesh

・Improvement of Solid Waste Management in Dhaka City

Toward the Low Carbone Society (GA)(2009/2-2009/8)

・Strengthening of SWM in Dhaka City -Clean Dhaka Project

（TC）（2007/2－2011/2）









PalauPalauPalauPalau

・・・・Project for improvement of solid

waste management

（TC）（2005/10－2008/9）

Oceania countriesOceania countriesOceania countriesOceania countries

・Environmental and Social Considerations in Ocean

（TJ）（2005－2007）

・Group Training in Third Countries Municipal Solid

Waste Management for Island Countries Ⅱ

（GT）（2005－2009）

SamoaSamoaSamoaSamoa

・Solid Waste Management

（TC）（2004/5－2006/3）

JICA Waste Management project in OceaniaJICA Waste Management project in Oceania (2005(2005～）～）

VanuatuVanuatuVanuatuVanuatu

・Improvement of Bouffa Landfill (Port Vila)

（TC）（2006/9－2008/9）

FijiFijiFijiFiji

・Waste minimization and recycling

promotion project

（TC）（2008/10－2012/3）

・Solid Waste Management Project for

Pacific (SWAMPP)

（TC）（2006/6－2010/5）











JICA’s Assistance Strategy on JICA’s Assistance Strategy on Solid Waste ManagementSolid Waste Management

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Solid Waste ManagementSolid Waste Management

Bottlenecks for Sound Solid Waste ManagementBottlenecks for Sound Solid Waste Management

Organizational& institutional factor

- Several organizations are involved

- Comprehensive legal systems are not yet developed

Human resources& technological factor - Fewer human resources

Financial factor- The priority as public investment is low

- Difficulty in collecting fee from beneficiaries

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Economic factor- Increase of waste along with industrialization

- Difficulty in proper treatment due to the quality change in waste

Social factor

- Social status of those engaged in waste management

- Consideration for the poor who earn their lives by selling recyclable wastes

Geographicalfactor

- Shortage of available land

- Small island states are isolated from recycle markets

Lessons LearnedLessons Learned

・・Availability of fund for operation Availability of fund for operation Availability of funds for O&M of equipments, facilities is indispensable.

・・Necessity of cost/benefit analysis in 3RNecessity of cost/benefit analysis in 3RThere is a likelihood that the international price of such material as resources may

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There is a likelihood that the international price of such material as resources may drop.

・・Consideration to culture and societyConsideration to culture and societyMany poor people engage in waste picking or waste collection.

Assistance Strategy on Assistance Strategy on Solid Waste ManagementSolid Waste Management

1. Building a sound material-cycle society (encouragement of the “3R” initiative)

2. Developing capacity of governmental organizations for

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2. Developing capacity of governmental organizations for better waste management services

3. Improvement in collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste

4. Promoting activities to address climate change

Projects on Solid Waste ManagementProjects on Solid Waste Management

Case studyCase study

Projects on Solid Waste ManagementProjects on Solid Waste Management

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Technical Cooperation ProjectTechnical Cooperation Project : :

The Project for Implementation Support The Project for Implementation Support The Project for Implementation Support The Project for Implementation Support for 3R Initiative in Hanoi City to for 3R Initiative in Hanoi City to Contribute to the Development of a Sound Contribute to the Development of a Sound MaterialMaterial--Cycle SocietyCycle Society

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The Project for Implementation Support for 3R Initi ative in Hanoi The Project for Implementation Support for 3R Initi ative in Hanoi City to Contribute to the Development of a Sound Ma terialCity to Contribute to the Development of a Sound Ma terial--Cycle Cycle Society (2006.11Society (2006.11--2009.11)2009.11)

BackgroundStrategy of Hanoi City: Recycling of domestic waste → 30%(by 2020)

BackgroundStrategy of Hanoi City: Recycling of domestic waste → 30%(by 2020)

Overall Goal:Harmonized 3R system based on source separation pro grammes for organic waste is implemented.

Project Purpose:The harmonized 3R system based on source separation programmes

Overall Goal:Harmonized 3R system based on source separation pro grammes for organic waste is implemented.

Project Purpose:The harmonized 3R system based on source separation programmes The harmonized 3R system based on source separation programmes for organic waste is ready to familiarize to the wh ole Hanoi city.

The harmonized 3R system based on source separation programmes for organic waste is ready to familiarize to the wh ole Hanoi city.

Children patching source separationlabels onto municipal waste containers

World Environmental Day Campaignby 3R Volunteer Club

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Project Outputs1. Improvement of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) collecti on through implementation of pilot project with source separat ion of organic waste and composting

2. Awareness raising activities (implementing environmental educational and PR activities on 3R under the spirit of mottainai (“no waste”))

3. Dissemination of Source separation programmes for organic waste, environmental education programmes and the concept of 3R

Project Outputs1. Improvement of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) collecti on through implementation of pilot project with source separat ion of organic waste and composting

2. Awareness raising activities (implementing environmental educational and PR activities on 3R under the spirit of mottainai (“no waste”))

3. Dissemination of Source separation programmes for organic waste, environmental education programmes and the concept of 3R environmental education programmes and the concept of 3R

4. Development of strategic paper and action plan f or the next steps to improve MSW collection system with source separation progra mmers for organic waste

environmental education programmes and the concept of 3R 4. Development of strategic paper and action plan f or the next steps to improve MSW collection system with source separation progra mmers for organic waste

TV CM of 3R activity Project DVD Karaoke “3R Song”18

System of 3R SupportersSystem of 3R Supporters

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Key Factors of the Project

1. Demonstrating the effectiveness of pilot project s on source separation, composting, environmental education and people’s participation

2. Strategy focusing on involvement of various stakeholders3. Emphasis on close coordination and collaboration with the

stakeholders such as leaders of residential groups and collectio n workers

Key Factors of the Project

1. Demonstrating the effectiveness of pilot project s on source separation, composting, environmental education and people’s participation

2. Strategy focusing on involvement of various stakeholders3. Emphasis on close coordination and collaboration with the

stakeholders such as leaders of residential groups and collectio n workers

Collection Containers (Green is for Organic Waste)

Over 15,000 households in Hanoi city implement source separation at home (Nov. 2009)

Distribution of Household Containers to Residents

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Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!

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For more information, please contact to:For more information, please contact to:Issei AOKIIssei AOKIEnvironmental Management Division 2,Environmental Management Division 2,Global Environment Department, JICAGlobal Environment Department, JICAPhone: +81Phone: +81--33--52265226--95509550EE--mail: [email protected]: [email protected]

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