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Development Economicsand Policy

Edited byFranz Heidhues andJoachim von Braun

49 · Kadir Osman Gyasi

Determinants of Success of Collective Action on Local CommonsAn Empirical Analysis of Community-Based Irrigation Managementin Northern Ghana

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2005.XIX, 178 pp., num. tables and graphsISBN 3-631-54084-1 / US-ISBN 0-8204-7738-9 · pb. € 39.–

The growing recognition of the potential of local institutions to assure the sustainability of naturalresources has motivated the devolution of the management and responsibility over local com-mons from the state to local user groups. In Ghana, farmer management of irrigation systemshas become an important component of policies for irrigation development and reform. Whilenumerous examples of successful local irrigation management exist in different parts of the world,there are several cases of failure that sometimes lead to a complete system breakdown. Usinga dataset from community managed irrigation schemes in northern Ghana, this study examinesthe reasons why communities differ in terms of economic, distributional and environmental out-comes of the devolution program. Among others, the study finds the resistance of landlords to aland redistribution policy to have a detrimental effect on the success of collective action for localmanagement of the irrigation schemes. The ability of the user groups to tackle local asymmetriesfor promoting equity and forming appropriate institutions to motivate cooperative behavior isessential for achieving sustainable local management of the irrigation schemes.

Contents: Devolution · Collective Action · Participation · Community Irrigation Management ·Northern Ghana

48 · Sabine Daude

Agricultural Trade Liberalization in the WTOand Its Poverty ImplicationsA Study of Rural Households in Northern Vietnam

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2005.XXI, 199 pp., num. tables and graphsISBN 3-631-53892-8 / US-ISBN 0-8204-7719-2 · pb. € 39.–

This volume analyzes poverty implications of agricultural liberalization commitments required bythe WTO. The chosen micro-macro approach examines the link between international tradeliberalization policies and impacts at household level. The possible outcomes of the current DohaRound for the agricultural negotiations are simulated using a general equilibrium model. Twoscenarios are analyzed relating to whether or not Vietnam, as an example of an accession can-didate, becomes a member of the WTO. The resulting price changes are combined with house-hold survey data to derive income and poverty effects. Results show that households in mountai-nous areas of northern Vietnam are negatively affected in their poverty position by agriculturaltrade liberalization in the WTO if Vietnam were not a member of the WTO, however, thesehouseholds gain if Vietnam accedes to the WTO. The study concludes that although trade libe-ralization would lead to poverty reduction effects for households in these marginalized zones,

this would need to be complemented by further measures within the framework of povertyreduction programs.

Contents: Agricultural trade liberalization · WTO · General equilibrium modeling · Householddata · Vietnam · Poverty implications of liberalization

47 · Beyene Tadesse Ferenji

The Impact of Policy Reform and Institutional Transformation onAgricultural PerformanceAn Economic Study of Ethiopian Agriculture

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2005.XXI, 216 pp., num. tables and graphsISBN 3-631-53577-5 / US-ISBN 0-8204-7691-9 · pb. € 42.50

Inspired by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, many less developed countrieshave carried out economic policy reforms and institutional changes. However, it has becomeincreasingly clear that due to lags in institutional and infrastructure development results of policyreforms are unsatisfactory. This study focuses on assessing the impact of policy reform on agri-cultural production in Ethiopia. It investigates components of output growth, input use, technicalefficiency and technological progress by applying a Stochastic Production Frontier model on adetailed rural household database. It also examines the degree of product price instability and itsimpacts on modern input use and food supply using a Vector Error Correction model on timeseries data. The study concludes by pointing out the prospects and constraints of agriculturaltransformation in Ethiopia.

Contents: Synopsis of Development Theories: The Significance of Agricultural Transformationand Its Roles in the Dynamics of Economic Growth · Review of Ethiopian Development Policies,the Position of Agriculture in the Economy and the Challenges · Analysis of Dynamics in Sourcesof Agricultural Output Growth at Farm Household Level · Constraints to Technical EfficiencyImprovement in Maize Producing Farmers · Market Liberalization, Price Instability and Its Impactson Modern Input Use and Food Production

46 · Adama Konseiga

Regional Integration Beyond the Traditional Trade Benefits:Labor Mobility ContributionThe Case of Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2005.XX, 206 pp., num. tables, 2 graphsISBN 3-631-53313-6 / US-ISBN 0-8204-7652-8 · pb. € 42.50

The West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) seeks at changing the weak intra-regional trade and the strong disparities between countries. How to achieve such an objective,given the heterogeneous profiles of the member countries such as Côte d’Ivoire (Regional pole)and Burkina Faso (one of the poorest)? This is an important issue at stake. Intra-African migration

flows is one of the best arguments for regional integration in the face of negligible goods andinvestment flows. The presence of migrants makes Burkina Faso a share-holder in Côte d’Ivoire’seconomic success. Based on the economic theories of migration, the publication presents a verycomprehensive and detailed empirical analysis of changes in factors mobility inside WAEMU, withparticular emphasis on the two representative countries. Migrations concern rural populationsand to deal with the microeconomic issues, the study used survey data collected in the BurkinabèSahel. Secondary data on skills migration and brain drain are constructed to study the macroeco-nomic convergence.

Contents: Regional integration · West African Economic and Monetary Union · Internationalmigration · Return migration · Brain drain · Food security · Economic growth convergence

45 · Edilegnaw Wale Zegeye

The Economics of On-Farm Conservation of Crop Diversity in EthiopiaIncentives, Attribute Preferences and Opportunity Costs of Maintaining Local Varietiesof Crops

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2004.XVIII, 243 pp., 39 tables, 9 fig.ISBN 3-631-53142-7 / US-ISBN 0-8204-7378-2 · pb. € 45.50

The issue of maintaining a diverse gene pool in the form of crop varieties is very topical worldwide. This is caused by the potential benefit of crop genetic resources for addressing futuredemand emanating from unforeseen agricultural problems. This volume is mainly concerned withon-farm conservation as a supplement to the other in situ and ex situ conservation options. Thestudy aims at generating relevant information for maintaining local varieties on farmers’ fields inEthiopia. In order to effectively devise policies for on-farm conservation, the volume argues thatan improved understanding of farmers’ incentives, attribute preferences and opportunity costsis indispensable. These issues are extensively addressed (both theoretically and empirically) witha focus on policy that is expressed by the guiding question Given the socioeconomic set-up, whatpolicy options are available to undertake on-farm conservation of crop diversity in Ethiopia? Thestudy results are intended to help identify optimal policies for on-farm conservation taking sorg-hum, coffee, and wheat as empirical examples.

Contents: Overview of Variety Use and Crop Diversity Conservation in Ethiopia · Data CollectionMethodology and Insights on Farmers’ Variety Choice · Conservation of Crop Diversity and Eco-nomic Development: Issues, Paradigms and Economic Theories · Economic Analysis of Farmers’Incentives to Diversify on Local Sorghum Varieties · Farmers’ Coffee Variety Attribute Prefe-rences, Demand for Local Varieties and Incentives for Poly-Variety · The Opportunity Cost ofMaintaining Sorghum and Wheat of Local Varieties of Farmers’ Fields · Thinking beyond theBoundary of Farmers: National Level On-Farm Conservation Costs and the Institutional IncentiveDesign in Ethiopia

44 · Thomas Herzfeld

Corruption begets CorruptionZur Dynamik und Persistenz der Korruption

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2004.207 S., zahlr. Abb. und Tab.ISBN 3-631-52778-0 · br. € 39.–

Diese Studie untersucht die Dynamik und Persistenz der Korruption im internationalen Vergleich.Dazu werden fünf verschiedene subjektive Korruptionsindikatoren mit Hilfe zwei verschiedenerMethoden ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse der Kerndichteschätzung zeigen eine zweigipflige Ver-teilung der Korruption im Ländervergleich. Relativ viele Länder weisen ein hohes Korruptions-niveau auf und wenige Länder ein sehr niedriges. Mittels dynamischer Fixed-effects- und Random-effects-Modelle wird die Dynamik der Korruption analysiert. Das gegenwärtige Korruptionsniveauwird statistisch signifikant von dem Korruptionsniveau in der Vergangenheit beeinflusst.

Aus dem Inhalt: Ökonomik der Korruption · Determinanten der Korruption: Ein Literaturüber-blick · Analyse der Korruptionsindizes mit Hilfe der Kernel Density Estimation · Determinanten derKorruption im dynamischen Kontext

43 · F. Markus Kaiser

Incentives in Community-based Health Insurance Schemes

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2004.109 pp., num. tables and graphsISBN 3-631-52687-3 / US-ISBN 0-8204-7315-4 · pb. € 24.50

The author presents a promising tool to increase the coverage rate of community-based healthinsurance schemes (CBHI) and access to medical care for poor population groups in developingcountries. He addresses a key problem of CBHI: Authorities cannot sanction non-members andmembership cannot be enforced. Therefore, it is proposed to award membership by offeringincentives such as raffle participation for joining a CBHI. This approach attracts new membersand can be a motivation to continue membership payments of healthy insurance members. Theresults of an ex-ante demand analysis conducted in the Philippines are promising. More than80% of the respondents would like to participate in the raffle and would even agree to higherpremium payments covering additional costs of the raffle.

Contents: Incentives in Social Health Insurance · Rural Risk Management · Linking the Provision ofPublic Goods with Lotteries · Raffle Model · Philippines

42 · Roukayatou Zimmermann

Biotechnology and Value-added Traits in Food CropsRelevance for Developing Countries and Economic Analysis

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2004.XVII, 103 pp., num. tables and graphsISBN 3-631-52680-6 / US-ISBN 0-8204-7313-8 · pb. € 27.50

Staple food crops can be genetically modified to produce higher amounts of micronutrients orantigens as edible vaccines. Such new crop traits – enhancing the nutritional quality of the foodproduct or extending its function – are called value-added traits (VATs). VATs promise nutritionaland health benefits, particularly for those vulnerable groups who suffer from malnutrition andinfectious diseases. This study deals with the topic and provides some preliminary results. Ananalytical framework for ex ante evaluation of VATs in developing countries (DCs) is developed,and applied within a case study on Golden Rice (GR) in the Philippines. The results of the casestudy show that GR has a potential to reduce significantly vitamin A deficiency in the Philippines.Finally, biotechnology, particularly genetic engineering has a potential to eliminate nutritionaland infectious problems in DCs.

Contents: Biotechnology and Value-added Traits in Food Crops · Micronutrient deficiencyand infectious diseases · Edible vaccines · Golden Rice technology · Vitamin A deficiency in thePhilippines

41 · Yuansheng Jiang

Health Insurance Demand and Health Risk Management in Rural China

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2004.XVII, 205 pp., num. fig. and tablesISBN 3-631-52624-5 / US-ISBN 0-8204-7312-X · pb. € 42.50

Good health is widely believed to be intimately associated with economic growth and develop-ment. A number of governments of developing countries have been combating poverty andboosting development through providing adequate access to health care. However, developingcountries have been constrained by the limited governmental revenue. Thus, additional resourcesshould be mobilized through appropriate instruments. Health insurance is a highly practical in-strument. However, health insurance in rural areas is problematic and the demand for privatehealth insurance and community-based health insurance scheme is inadequate. Taking China asan example, this study estimates the demand for health insurance and analyzes the health riskmanagement of rural households.

Contents: Identifying Determinants of Expanding Demand for Health Insurance · Ways of Esta-blishing and Developing the Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme by Analyzing the Willingness ofRural Households to Pay · Risk Coping Strategies of Rural Households · The Extended Family

40 · Isaac Osei-Akoto

The Economics of Rural Health InsuranceThe Effects of Formal and Informal Risk-Sharing Schemes in Ghana

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2004.XVIII, 158 pp., 8 fig., num. tablesISBN 3-631-52584-2 / US-ISBN 0-8204-7305-7 · pb. € 39.–

Many households in Ghana are exposed to risks from preventable diseases, poor weather, andeconomic mismanagement but they have limited access to quality health care because of existingineffective financing options, especially for the poor and people who live in rural areas. This studyuses data from the two oldest community-based health insurance schemes in Ghana to investi-gate the role of this type of schemes on access to health care and health care expenditures. Italso examined how the schemes cover the people who need the advantages of insurance most;poor people and high risk individuals, who would find it difficult to pay for health care in theabsence of insurance. The findings reveal strong positive effects on access to quality health carebut portray remarkable exclusion of the poorest of the poor. The study highlights the need forimproved rural health infrastructure and stronger linkages between modern and traditional meansof risk sharing to make the newly introduced national health insurance scheme in Ghana moreeffective and equitable.

Contents: Overview of the health care system in Ghana and major financing issues on curativecare · Concepts and economic theory of health insurance · Demand for rural health insurance ·Effects of rural health insurance on health care expenditures and access to health care · Prospectsfor expanding coverage of rural health insurance schemes

39 · Doris Wiesmann

An International Nutrition IndexConcept and Analyses of Food Insecurity and Undernutrition at Country Levels

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2004.XXIII, 260 pp., num fig. and tablesISBN 3-631-50475-6 / US-ISBN 0-8204-6084-2 · pb. € 45.50

Hunger and malnutrition are the plight of millions of people, especially in developing countries.This study argues that the lack of a comprehensive measure for nutrition and food security hasimpeded progress towards eradicating hunger and undernutrition. The author seeks to fill thisgap by designing an international Nutrition Index (NI). Using this NI, the study ranks 106 countriesand analyses patterns and trends in their nutrition situation. The correlations between the NI andother international indicators show its ability to reflect micronutrient deficiencies as well as itssensitivity to poverty and inequality. Multivariate regressions reveal that the NI tends to improvewith economic development and the amelioration of health services, whereas warfare has de-trimental effects.

Contents: Theory of International Comparisons · The Concept of the Nutrition Index (NI) · Dataand Methodology · Nutrition Index: Ranking and Trends · Nutrition Index (NI) and other Interna-tional Indicators · Determinants of NI Variation

38 · Susanne M. Ziemek

The Economics of Volunteer Labor SupplyAn Application to Countries of a Different Development Level

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2003.XVII, 229 pp., num. fig. and tablesISBN 3-631-51389-5 / US-ISBN 0-8204-6482-1 · pb. € 45.50

Volunteerism represents a highly relevant institution for developed as well as developing coun-tries. The potentials ascribed to voluntary work include its capacity to support public social wel-fare functions, build social capital, and mitigate unemployment problems. This study investigatesfour core aspects pertaining to volunteerism, and volunteer labor supply in particular, from aneconomic perspective. These encompass the analysis of the rise of the institution volunteerism,the estimation of the economic impact of voluntary labor contributions, the exploration of theunderlying reasons for volunteering, and the identification of the determinants of volunteerbehavior. These issues are addressed in a cross-country context, using survey data from fourcountries characterized by a different development level, namely Bangladesh, Ghana, Polandand South Korea. Particular emphasis is placed on evaluating the applicability of economic theo-ries in explaining the phenomenon of volunteering.

Contents: The rise of volunteerism and New Institutional Economics (NIE) · Microeconomic theoriesof volunteer labor supply (Public Goods Model, Private Consumption Model, InvestmentModel) · Empirical evidence of volunteering in Bangladesh, Ghana, Poland and South Korea ·Profile and behavior of volunteers · Economic imputation of volunteer work

37 · Johannes Woelcke

Bio-Economics of Sustainable Land Management in Uganda

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2003.XIX, 181 pp., num. fig., graphs and tablesISBN 3-631-51217-1 / US-ISBN 0-8204-6463-5 · pb. € 39.–

Land degradation is a serious economic and environmental threat contributing to declining agri-cultural productivity, poverty and food insecurity. The extent and rate to which land degradationoccurs is of growing concern, particularly in developing countries. Why do poor farm householdsdeplete their soils? This case study of Uganda provides a better understanding of farm householdeconomics in the context of sustainability issues. A bio-economic model has been developed torun scenarios of high relevance for the current reform process in the agricultural sector. Econo-mic and ecological impacts of the adoption of new land management practices are explored.Finally, policy conclusions and implications are derived which can contribute substantially to thecurrent policy debate.

Contents: Land degradation and farm household economics · Agriculture in Uganda: develop-ment constraints and opportunities · Integrated approach to bio-economic modeling in EasternUganda · Economic and ecological impacts of technology adoption at the farm household level ·Policies for improved land management in Uganda

36 · Daniela Lohlein

An Economic Analysis of Public Good Provision in Rural RussiaThe Case of Education and Health Care

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2003.XIV, 165 pp., 29 fig., 53 tablesISBN 3-631-50774-7 / US-ISBN 0-8204-6427-9 · pb. € 39.–

Adequate access to public goods plays an important role in the economic and rural developmentof any country. For the transition countries, however, providing public goods is particularly pro-blematic owing to several factors associated with the transition process itself, e.g. economicrecession and a change in ownership of local public goods. Taking Russia as an example, this studyexamines the effect of the transition process on rural households’ access to public goods. Withreference to education and health care, household access to public goods is addressed in termsof community availability and economic access. The analysis is taken a step further, through anexamination of the role of informal institutions in public good provision. Multiple regression ana-lysis was used to test for the significance of income as a determinant of private expenditures onpublic goods. The results indicate that, contrary to expectations, neither income nor informalpayments are important determinants of access to public goods. Informal institutions continue toexert a strong influence on the provision of public goods.

Contents: Public good provision in transition countries · Decentralisation and public goodprovision · Education and health care provision in rural Russia during transition · Household accessto education and health care · Institutional analysis of local public good provision · Role of informalinstitutions in local public good provision · Household and community survey · Regressionanalysis · New Institutional Economics

35 · Gi-Soon Song

The Impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)on Rural HouseholdsA Holistic Approach Applied to the Case of Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2003.XVII, 192 pp., num. tables and graphsISBN 3-631-50622-8 / US-ISBN 0-8204-6408-2 · pb. € 39.–

Despite the plethora of discussions on the potentials of information and communication techno-logies (ICTs) for development, efforts to bridge the so-called digital divide have suffered from thelack of convincing evidences of the positive impact of the new technologies, especially on ruralareas and households. The present study aims at identifying and measuring the positive impactof ICTs on rural households through a holistic approach integrating national, project and targetgroup level analyses. With a case of the Rural Telecommunications Project in Lao PDR, the impactof telephone, the most basic ICT, was investigated at three different levels. The project levelanalysis reveals that the Rurtel service is efficient and sustainable, and has benefits for ruralresidents comparable to other infrastructures. The target group level analysis applied propensityscore matching and regression analysis, and the results confirm the positive and pro-poor impact

of telephone use on household welfare. Despite these contributions, investment in telecommu-nications has not been substantial. The government should commit itself to expanding the net-work to rural areas by setting up “universal access“ of telephone service, which seem to be anappropriate technology for rural population considering the current conditions for ICT deploy-ment.

Contents: Information and communication technologies (ICTs) for development · Potential bene-fits and risks of ICTs · Institutional, connectivity, human resource, contents, entrepreneurshipdevelopment in Lao PDR · ICTs for rural development · Telephone use among rural households ·Impact of telephone on household welfare · Consumer surplus · Propensity score matching;Regression analysis

34 · Abay Asfaw

Costs of Illness, Demand for Medical Care, and the Prospect ofCommunity Health Insurance Schemes in the Rural Areas of Ethiopia

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2003.XVII, 239 pp., num. fig. and tab.ISBN 3-631-50553-1 / US-ISBN 0-8204-6095-8 · pb. € 45.50

After the ‘Health for All’ declaration of the Alma Ata conference, many countries in the developingworld have been trying to provide basic health services to their population. However, it has becomeincreasingly clear that due to market failure, state failure, and other reasons, the conventionalsources of finance could not solve the health problem of developing countries, particularly thatof the rural population and the high-risk groups. As a result, there is a worldwide initiative to findadditional sources of finance which are broad based, sustainable, and suitable to the socio-eco-nomic situations of the rural population. This study assesses the prospect and potential role ofcommunity health insurance schemes in the provision of basic health care services and in gene-rating sustainable finance for the health sector of Ethiopia. It starts by investigating the costs ofillness, health care demand behaviour, and the capacity of existing risk-sharing arrangements inprotecting households against health shocks. Then, it thoroughly analyses the willingness ofhouseholds to pay and the prospect of potential community health insurance schemes in therural areas of Ethiopia.

Contents: New approach in measuring costs of illness in the rural areas of developing coun-tries · Evaluating the capacity of existing risk-sharing institutions in protecting households againsthealth shocks · Analysing the health care demand behaviour of households · Analysing willingnessto pay using double bounded dichotomous contingent valuation and compensating variationmethods · Investigating the prospect and potential role of community health insurance schemesin rural areas of low income countries

33 · Chodechai Suwanaporn

Determinants of Bank Lending in Thailand:An Empirical Examination for the Years 1992 to 1996

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2003.XV, 178 pp., num. fig. and tablesISBN 3-631-50582-5 / US-ISBN 0-8204-6092-3 · pb. € 39.–

Thailand experienced some of the world’s fastest economic growth rates over the past fourdecades until the 1997 Baht devaluation and subsequent financial crisis. The dramatic financialcollapse has raised doubts about the general efficiency of the Thai financial system. Until now,empirical knowledge about the lending process or behaviour in emerging markets has beenextremely thin due to the lack of appropriate and reliable data. This study, which uses micro levelbank data, examines systematic analysis of risk, relationships, and other factors in Thai banklending decisions to assess the pre-crisis health of the lending process. Specifically, it investigatesfactors that affect interest rates, degree of lending volume and collateral setting in the loandecision of Thai banks between 1992 and 1996. The results show that Thai banks’ lending deci-sions follow a similar manner as in developed countries. There are sufficient systematic structuresin place, not chaos as speculated by many. Thai banks partly consider borrower’s risk in theirlending decision, especially the degree of lending volume but do not make use of these risk indi-cators in the pricing of loans. Relationship factors are important in Thai bank’s lending decisions.The evidence is more resounding in Thailand than in the developed countries. However, lendingto more closely related firms is neither the cause of nor related to bad loan outcome.

Contents: Analysing how bank-lending decisions in Thailand are determined · Investigating riskand relationship consideration in Thai bank lending · Using unprecedented micro level bank datafrom credit evaluation files

32 · Felix Ankomah Asante

Economic Analysis of Decentralisation in Rural Ghana

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2003.XX, 150 pp., num. tab. and graphsISBN 3-631-50355-5 / US-ISBN 0-8204-6066-4 · pb. € 34.–

Many countries around the world have been attempting – for several reasons and with variousdegrees of intention and success – to create or strengthen local governments in recent years.Ghana is one of these countries and since 1998 has been going through a decentralisation pro-cess, that is moving decision-making from the national (center) to the district and communitylevels – a bottom up approach. Many rationales for decentralisation may be discerned in theliterature and in practice. The most common theoretical rationales for decentralisation are: toattain allocative efficiency in the face of different local preferences for public goods and servicesand equity and distributional concerns – poverty reduction. In this context, this study performs aneconomic analysis of decentralisation in rural Ghana specifically addressing the following issues:has the decentralisation helped in the delivery of public goods and services and to what extenthas the access to public goods and services helped to reduce poverty? Education, health and

water were the public goods and services studied. Quantitative and qualitative techniques areused to address theses issues.

Contents: Conceptual framework and theory of decentralisation · Decentralisation, provision ofpublic goods and services and incidence of poverty in Ghana · Decentralisation policy and impli-cations for provision and efficiency of social services · Decentralisation and poverty reduction

31 · Annette Luibrand

Transition in VietnamImpact of the Rural Reform Process on an Ethnic Minority

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2002.XXIV, 186 pp., 2 fig., 39 graphs, 50 tablesISBN 3-631-50350-4 / US-ISBN 0-8204-6065-6 · pb. € 39.–

This book presents an analysis of the transition process with particular emphasis on the agricul-tural sector in Vietnam. Focusing on the ethnic minority of the Black Thai in the mountainousregions of Northern Vietnam, the impact of the rural reform process on their livelihood is exami-ned. The analytical tool used in this work is a stochastic frontier analysis model, whose parame-ters are estimated by a regression analysis. Although the transition process in general has had apositive impact on the livelihood of the population, the gap between the rich and the poor haswidened during the last ten years. Imperative measures are the introduction of technical innova-tions in the agricultural sector and their promotion through governmental as well as national andinternational non-governmental organisations.

Contents: Transition process in Vietnam · Study on the Black Thai · Ethnic Minority Group inNorthern Vietnam · Impact of the Rural Reform Process on the Livelihood · Farming System Ana-lysis · Determination of Agricultural Efficiency

30 · Shyamal K. Chowdhury

Institutional and Welfare Aspects of the Provision and Use ofInformation and Communication Technologies in the Rural Areas ofBangladesh and Peru

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2002.XXIV, 226 pp., num. fig. and tablesISBN 3-631-50161-7 / US-ISBN 0-8204-6044-3 · pb. € 45.50

Information and communication technologies, henceforth ICTs, have received enormous atten-tion in recent times. During the decade of the 90s, there was a significant expansion in ICT infra-structure both in the context of industrialized and developing countries. Notwithstanding thesefacts, a ‘digital divide’ exists between industrialized and developing nations and between urban-rich and rural-poor within nations. The present study addressed this issue under four researchquestions. The first is why access to ICTs is important. The second is how to provide access for thehouseholds living in rural areas of developing countries. The third is what are the direct welfareimplications of the use of telecommunications. And the fourth is what are the indirect welfare

implications of the use of telecommunications. The study addressed these four issues under twoaspects: institutional aspects and welfare aspects. The study focused on these two aspects in thecontext of rural areas of Bangladesh and Peru. The empirical findings of the study are based onhousehold surveys that were conducted in the rural areas of the two study countries.

Contents: ICTs · Institutional aspects of provision · Welfare aspects of use · Business-NGO part-nership · Public-Private partnership · Compensating variations · Willingness to pay for rural tele-communication services · Transaction costs and households’ market participation · Informationand rural middlemen

29 · Wensheng Wang

The Impact of Information and Communication Technologies on FarmHouseholds in China

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2002.XII, 142 pp., 30 fig., 21 tab.ISBN 3-631-39638-4 / US-ISBN 0-8204-5995-X · pb. € 34.–

Observing the dramatic development and distribution of information and communication tech-nologies (ICTs) in China, it is increasingly recognized that these technologies are an indispensableforce of rural development. The study introduces conceptual framework for measuring the va-lue of ICT use and presents a comprehensive understanding of the impact of ICTs on rural de-velopment and recommends a policy for the implementation of ICTs in rural China. The studyprovides a quantitative analysis of determinants of telephone subscription, and the relationshipbetween telephone adoption and income at household level, based on the data of a large farmhousehold survey. The analysis finds a positive relationship between the adoption of the tele-phone and annual income of farm households, but the link is not strong in the short run.

Contents: The impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on farm householdsin China: A conceptual framework for measuring the value of ICT use · A comprehensive under-standing of the impact of ICTs on rural development · Recommendations of a policy for theimplementation of ICTs in rural China · The determinants of telephone subscription, and inter-relations between the adoption of the telephone and annual income of farm households

28 · Wolfram Erhardt

Financial Markets for Small Enterprises in Urbanand Rural Northern ThailandEmpirical Analysis on the Demand for and Supply of Financial Services, with ParticularEmphasis on the Determinants of Credit Access and Borrower Transaction Costs

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2002.XIX, 221 pp., num. fig. and tab.ISBN 3-631-38067-4 / US-ISBN 0-8204-5408-7 · pb. € 42.50

This study examines the demand for and supply of financial services for small entrepreneurs inNorthern Thailand. Particular emphasis is placed on credit technologies deployed by formal and

informal institutions and on determinants of credit access and borrower transaction costs. Thestudy complements and expands on existing research into micro-finance by adding a specificregional dimension. A remarkable situation of “urban bias in reverse“ has been detected as faras access to formal finance is concerned. Conventional access variables (such as education andthe level of household income and assets) do not explain rural households’ access to institutionalcredit sources, while these factors turned out to be powerful determinants in explaning urbanhouseholds’ access to formal finance. This can be explained by the efforts on the part of the Thaigovernment to improve access to credit for small rural enterprises. The author concludes thatthe neglect of rural finance and the lack of innovative financial approaches is, to a significantextent, also the result of political priority-setting and decision-making; it cannot be attributed tounattractive investment possibilities alone.

Contents: Introduction · Definitions and Methodology · Northern Thailand · The Socio-Economicand Regional Context · Finance Technologies of Lenders in Urban and Rural Chiang Mai · Accessof Urban and Rural Small Enterprise Households to Formal Credit · Borrower Transaction Costs ofUrban and Rural Small Entrepreneurs · Summary and Policy Conclusions

27 · Dietrich Müller-Falcke

Use and Impact of Information and Communication Technologies inDeveloping Countries’ Small BusinessesEvidence from Indian Small Scale Industry

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2002.XX, 215 pp., 11 fig., 88 tab.ISBN 3-631-39320-2 / US-ISBN 0-8204-5959-3 · pb. € 42.50

Small businesses constitute an important part of developing countries’ economies. They areconsidered to operate on low technological levels. However, in the growing discussion on infor-mation and communication technologies (ICTs) and economic development small businesses havebeen identified as major potential beneficiaries of ICTs’ rapid evolution. Evidence, whether smallbusinesses in developing countries manage to participate in these developments have, so far,been scarce. This work analyses in depth the use of ICTs in small businesses based on empiricaldata from the Indian Small-Scale Industry sector. Patterns of ICT penetration and use are described.Models of ICT adoption and usage intensity are developed and tested. The impact of ICTs on theenterprises’ development is assessed.

Contents: Small-scale enterprises and information and communication technologies (ICTs) indeveloping countries’ · Patterns of ICT use in Indian Small-Scale Industry · Determinants of ICTadoption and use · Impact of ICTs on small-scale enterprises’ performance

26 · Romeo Bertolini

Telecommunication Services in Sub-Saharan AfricaAn Analysis of Access and Use in the Southern Volta Region in Ghana

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2002.186 pp., num. fig. and graf.ISBN 3-631-39161-7 / US-ISBN 0-8204-5498-2 · pb. € 39.–

In order to show how rural households use – and benefit from – publicly available telecommuni-cation services, determinants and degree of the use of public telephone facilities have beenanalysed. The results of the empirical assessment in three villages in Southern Ghana show theconsiderable catchment area of the services and the high penetration of use within the commu-nities that had the services in place or were close-by. Additionally, the research uncovers thatpeople are willing to take high costs in terms of time and money into account in order to be ableto utilise the communication services. The multivariate analysis of the determinants of service useon the household and the personal level indicates that there is high hidden demand and that thisdemand is by no means limited to the economically wealthy and active. However, user rates areparticularly low amongst women, illiterates, and people living in significant distance to publicservice facilities.

Contents: Information and communication technologies and economic development · Telecom-munications in Sub-Saharan Africa · Institutional trends and infrastructural developments · Accessto and use of public telecommunication services – an example from the Southern VoltaRegion · Benefits from telecommunications access and use

25 · Maria Iskandarani

Economics of Household Water Security in Jordan

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2002.XIV, 133 pp., 30 fig., 30 tab.ISBN 3-631-39102-1 / US-ISBN 0-8204-5481-8 · pb. € 34.–

Household water insecurity is a pressing problem in developing countries. Water withdrawals areincreasing rapidly due to population growth, industrialization, urbanization, and increasing agri-cultural production. The number of countries facing problems of water scarcity, water quality,and insufficient water supply is rising. However, access to safe drinking water is a basic humanneed, which is essential for the health and well being of every individual. Jordan is among thosecountries of the world least endowed with water resources. The available water resources arealready overexploited. Parallel to the rationed public water sector a private water market emer-ged. Through analyzing the case of Jordan the study seeks a better understanding of the eco-nomics of household water demand and supply over space and time as a basis for achievinghousehold water security. By applying quantitative and qualitative methods the access, demandand usage of water (from different sources) by households in Jordan is analyzed in depth andeffective water prices are calculated.

Contents: Household water security · Water management · Drinking water demand andsupply · Water pricing · Water market · Jordan

24 · Mingzhi Sheng

Lebensmittelkonsum und -konsumtrends in ChinaEine empirische Analyse auf der Basis ökonometrischer Nachfragemodelle

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2002.227 S., zahlr. Abb. und Tab.ISBN 3-631-38550-1 · br. € 42.50

Diese Studie untersucht Struktur und Entwicklungstendenzen des chinesischen Nahrungsmittel-konsums. Dazu werden Haushaltsdaten der Provinzen Sichuan und Jiangsu ausgewertet. Im Zugedes wirtschaftlichen Fortschritts zeigt sich ein grundsätzlicher Trend zu veredelten Lebensmit-teln. Allerdings hat sich die Lage der ärmsten Haushaltsdaten in den letzten Jahren eher ver-schlechtert. Prognosen auf der Basis ökonometrischer Nachfragemodelle des Typs „Almost IdealDemand System“ schreiben diese Entwicklung bis ins Jahr 2020 fort. Aufgrund der Differenzie-rung nach unterschiedlichen sozioökonomischen Gruppen können detaillierte Aussagen über denzukünftigen Lebensmittelverbrauch getroffen werden, die für Politik, Wirtschaft und internatio-nale Organisationen gleichermaßen interessant sind.

Aus dem Inhalt: Charakterisierung der chinesischen Haushalte · Entwicklung der Verbrauchs-strukturen in Stadt und Land · Determinanten der Nahrungsmittelnachfrage · ÖkonometrischeNachfrageanalyse · Prognose · Simulation einer Politikmaßnahme

23 · Patrick Webb / Katinka Weinberger (eds.)

Women FarmersEnhancing Rights, Recognition and Productivity

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2001.XII, 264 pp., num fig. and tablesISBN 3-631-38299-5 / US-ISBN 0-8204-5421-4 · pb. € 52.–

The book derives from a meeting of more than 120 scientists, politicians and practitioners from34 countries – people of very diverse backgrounds – who came together to discuss the extent ofgains made by rural women after 25 years of increasingly “gendered“ development. It was atime to ask whether agricultural interventions (projects or policies) initiated, funded and imple-mented in the name of “women’s development“ had made any difference? The general conclu-sion was: yes. But, neither as much as needed, nor as sustainable as hoped for. Research repor-ted in this volume shows that women do not automatically gain from development interventionseven if they were explicitly singled out for attention, and gains for women in one area of their lifecan entail losses in another.

Contents: Patrick Webb/Jennifer Coates/Katinka Weinberger: Despite Discrimination: The Suc-cess of Women Farmers in a World of Constraints · Anita Spring: Positive Effects of AgriculturalCommercialisation on Women Farmers: A New Paradigm · Michael Bruentrup: Cashing in onTechnological Change: Women and Cotton in Benin · Shantana R. Halder: Weaving the Fabric ofAgriculture: Sericulture in Bangladesh · Bola Akanji: Traded and Non-Traded Commodities inNigeria’s “Traditional Agriculture“ · Dorrit R. Posel: Women Wait, Men Migrate: Gender Inequa-lity and Migration Decisions in South Africa · Egnonto M. Koffi-Tessio: Does More Education Lead

to Higher Production or Flight from Agriculture? · Farzana Bari: Paradox in Pakistan: High FarmEarnings But Low Social Status · Josef Kienzle/Úna Murray: Re-Tooling: Gender Dimensions ofAgricultural Production Technology · Anne Floquet: Can Technologies be Targeted TowardsWomen’s Needs? A Case Study from Benin · Robert Otsyina/Bakengesa Siima: Fodder Banking inPeri-Urban Dairy Production: The Experience of Tanzanian Women · Katinka Weinberger: TheDeterminants of Women’s Participation in Rural Chad · Zhu Ling/Jiang Zhongyi: Gender Inequalityin the Land Tenure System of China · Renée Giovarelli/Jennifer Duncan: Women and Rural LandRights in Transition Countries: A Comparative Perspective · Monica Fong: Gender Analysis in SectorWide Assistance in Agriculture

22 · Ortrun Anne Gronski

Stock Markets and Economic GrowthEvidence from South Africa

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2001.XIII, 195 pp., num. fig. and tablesISBN 3-631-38064-X / US-ISBN 0-8204-5407-9 · pb. € 40.–

Stock markets have grown rapidly in many developing countries during the past ten years.Nevertheless there is little evidence as to whether a stock market is crucial for economicdevelopment. This study aims at filling this gap. Based on data from the Republic of SouthAfrica, Anne Gronski investigates the impact of the stock market development on investment,savings and economic growth. The author first elaborates the potential effects of stock marketdevelopment, then provides an overview over the political and economic developments in SouthAfrica during the observation period and finally applies different econometric techniques to analysethe issue empirically. At first sight, the stock market development seems to have had a negativeimpact on South Africa’s development; while savings, investment and growth deteriorated, thestock market grew. However, the more detailed analyses show that inflation and political instabilitywere the major culprits for the down-turn. The stock market prevented further decline in savingsby providing inflation-adjusted returns. With regard to investment, the analyses show that asopposed to public investments, private investments were less affected by the unstable climate.Moreover, the analyses show that external equity finance gained importance during theconsidered period and that private investments reacted positively to the stock market develop-ment. The causality tests also confirm the positive effects of stock market development on eco-nomic growth.

Contents: Stock markets and economic growth: the issues of controversy · The link betweenstock market development, saving, investments and growth · The effects of stock marketdevelopments on saving · The effects of stock market development on investment

21 · Arnim Kuhn

Handelskosten und regionale (Des-)IntegrationRusslands Agrarmärkte in der Transformation

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2001.XIV, 175 S., 10 Abb., 33 Tab.ISBN 3-631-38075-5 · br. € 40.–

In Anbetracht der Größe und Heterogenität des russischen Binnenmarktes sind funktionierendeHandelsverbindungen zwischen den einzelnen Regionen sowie zum internationalen Markt zurVersorgungssicherung dringend notwendig. Erhebliche interregionale Preisunterschiede deutenjedoch auf zu hohe Kosten für den interregionalen Handel hin. Anhand von Querschnittsanaly-sen werden die regionalen Unterschiede bei Produktions- und Handelspotenzialen untersuchtund die Entwicklung der Binnenmarktintegration skizziert. Mit Hilfe eines gesamtwirtschaftlichenSimulationsmodells werden die volkswirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen hoher Handelskosten inner-halb Russlands bewertet.

Aus dem Inhalt: Heterogenität der regionalen Agrarproduktion · Trends der Marktentwicklungbei Agrargütern · Handelskosten als Hemmnisse für funktionierende Agrarmärkte · Volkswirt-schaftliche Bedeutung von Handelskosten

20 · Claudia Ringler

Optimal Allocation and Use of Water Resources in theMekong River Basin: Multi-Country and Intersectoral Analyses

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2001.XX, 220 pp., num. fig. and tablesISBN 3-631-37434-8 / US-ISBN 0-8204-5354-4 · pb. € 43.–

Efficient, equitable and sustainable water management at the river basin level plays a crucial rolein solving growing water shortages. However, water allocation decisions are highly complex dueto the temporal and spatial variation in supply and demand. The increasing competition for wateramong different uses and across countries further complicates basin management. An aggre-gate, integrated economic-hydrologic river basin model is developed to analyze these issues forthe Mekong River Basin in Southeast Asia. Model results indicate competition for Mekong watersand significant tradeoffs between off-stream and instream uses during the dry season; and pointto the importance of appropriate institutions for enhanced economic efficiency in water allocationacross water-using sectors and countries.

Contents: The river basin as unit of analysis and management · Integrated economic-hydrologicwater modeling at the basin scale · Valuation of water resources in a river basin context · Intro-duction to the Mekong River Basin · Water allocation and use in the Mekong River Basin · TheMekong regime · Optimal allocation and use of water resources in the Mekong River Basin

19 · Torsten Feldbrügge

Economics of Emergency Relief Management in Developing CountriesWith Case Studies on Food Relief in Angola and Mozambique

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2001. XVI, 199 pp.ISBN 3-631-37326-0 / US-ISBN 0-8204-4841-9 · pb. € 40.–

The humanitarian crises which occurred in the recent past demostrate the importance of ade-quate and informed emergency relief interventions. The study shows that the analysis of causes,costs and trends of disasters and violent conflicts in developing countries is essential for effectiveemergency relief management. A conceptual framework of the role of information in crises andof decision-making in these emergency situations that integrates economic aspects is developed.A computer-based decision-support system is proposed for use in disaster management. Theconceptual considerations are illustrated by two case studies on food emergencies in Angola(conflict and drought) and Mozambique (flood). It is shown that the external conditions of crisescall for adaptive and flexible intervention packages instead of predesigned solutions.

Contents: Causes of Disasters and Violent Conflicts · Costs of Disasters and Violent Conflicts · Roleof Information in Emergency Relief Management · Emergency Relief under Uncertainty · DisasterInformation Management · Disaster Decision-Making · Food Emergency Interventions in Angolaand Mozambique · Relief Food Aid · Food-For-Work in Flood and Drought

18 · Jean Senahoun

Programmes d’ajustement structurel, sécurité alimentaire et durabilitéagricoleUne approche d’analyse intégrée, appliquée au Bénin

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2001.XVII, 189 p., nombr. graph.ISBN 3-631-37444-5 · br. € 40.–

Le travail de recherche a reçu le prix Josef-G.-Knoll-Wissenschaftspreis de la FondationEiselen, Ulm.

Le présent travail – en utilisant une approche à la fois micro-, méso- et macro-économique etbiophysique – vise à évaluer l’impact des programmes d’ajustement structurel sur la sécuritéalimentaire et la durabilité agricole au Bénin. A l’aide d’un modèle sectoriel agricole ainsi que d’unmodèle bio-économique, l’auteur parvient respectivement à simuler les effets des réformes surla sécurité alimentaire et sur l’érosion du sol. Il peut alors constater les différences d’impact entreles différents groupes de producteurs et de consommateurs et entre les différentes régions. Lesrésultats les plus pertinents sont présentés dans cet ouvrage.

Contenu: Les fondements théoriques et les composantes des programmes d’ajustement struc-turel · Développement durable · Agriculture durable · Impact des programmes d’ajustement struc-turel sur la sécurité au Bénin · Impact sur l’érosion du sol · Le système de demande AIDS · Lamodélisation du secteur agricole · La modélisation bio-économique

17 · Matin Qaim

Potential Impacts of Crop Biotechnology in Developing Countries

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2000.XV, 168 pp., num. tab. and graph.ISBN 3-631-36920-4 / US-ISBN 0-8204-4830-3 · pb. € 40.–

Crop biotechnology could boost global food production in a sustainable way. However, the eco-nomic repercussions of biotechnology for developing countries are largely unknown and havebeen the subject of acute controversy over the last few years. This study deals with the topic andprovides some preliminary empirical results. An analytical framework for the ex ante evaluationof biotechnology in smallholder agriculture is developed, which is then used within three diffe-rent case studies in Kenya and Mexico. It is shown that biotechnology holds great potentials forpoor agricultural producers and consumers. Yet appropriate institutional adjustments are requi-red to capitalize on these potentials. Implications for national and international biotechnologypolicies are discussed.

Contents: Global Situation of Crop Biotechnology · Changing Framework Conditions of Interna-tional Agricultural Research · Analytical Framework for Ex Ante Economic Evaluation · BananaTissue Culture Technology in Kenya · Transgenic Sweetpotato Technology in Kenya · TransgenicPotato Technology in Mexico · Policy and Research Implications

16 · Christof Batzlen

Migration and Economic DevelopmentRemittances and Investments in South Asia: A Case Study of Pakistan

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2000.XXI, 332 pp., num. tab. and graph.ISBN 3-631-36313-3 / US-ISBN 0-8204-4755-2 · pb. € 57.–

This study estimates savings and investment functions of migrants from Pakistan who went ab-road for employment. Particular emphasis is placed on investigating the impact of remittances oncapital formation and on analysing how earnings from abroad can be directed into productiveinvestments creating employment in Pakistan. Evidence from a two-year empirical research inthe main migration areas of Pakistan suggests that remittances, in contrast to the common notion,are an important source of financing investments, particularly in agriculture. The acquisition ofskills has a strong positive impact on the investment activities undertaken by migrant households.However, the number of migrants who have acquired additional skills during their overseas as-signments is relatively low. Simultaneously, migrants who went abroad to countries other thanMiddle East countries, show a higher propensity to invest than those who worked in the oil ex-porting countries. Finally, a relatively large number of investments undertaken by migrants ischaracterised by low profitability expressed in the return on investment. The author concludesthat the establishment of so-called “workers’ companies“ based on examples from Turkey mightbe a profitable alternative to investments undertaken by the migrants themselves. Lastly,strengthening the rural financial system is seen as a necessity in order to increase the averagesavings ratio of the rural population by introducing financial innovations.

Contents: Definitions and data problems · Migration and return migration in the case of Pakistan:review of literature · Theory, methodology and approach · Skill acquisition and utilisation of theseskill in migrants’ households · Scope and determinants of remittances · Savings in migrants’households · Investment in migrants’ households · Strategies for stimulating economic growthand employment

15 · Katinka Weinberger

Women’s ParticipationAn Economic Analysis in Rural Chad and Pakistan

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2000.XX, 191 pp., num. tab. and graph.ISBN 3-631-36700-7 / US-ISBN 0-8204-4781-1 · pb. € 40.–

This study analyzes costs and benefits related to participation from the perspective of women.Based on two samples in Chad and in Pakistan, this study employs quantitative and qualitativeapproaches. Social capital as well as the wealth status are identified as the most important de-terminants of participation of women. The empowerment of women, as well as an improvedsocial network, belong to the most important benefits of participation. The reduction and miti-gation of risk constitute a significant motivation to participate. Moral hazard and freeriding, bothfrequently described in the theoretical literature as typical problems of collective action, areencountered. However, these problems do not seem to enter the private cost-benefit calcula-tion of individuals. This is more determined by time as well as financial constraints.

Contents: Participation in the Context of Development · Approaches to the Economics of Partici-pation and Cooperation · Case Studies Chad and Pakistan

14 · Franz Heidhues / Gertrud Schrieder (eds.)

Romania – Rural Finance in Transition Economies

Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2000.XX, 202 pp., num. tab. and graf.ISBN 3-631-36683-3 / US-ISBN 0-8204-4779-X · pb. € 35.30

In the transition process from a centrally planned to a market economy the financial sector hasa vitally important role to play. Nevertheless, transformation research has largely neglected ruralfinance and its link to the development of agriculture and the rural economy. This book intendsto fill this gap. It addresses such questions as ‘how and in what sequence can rural finance berestructured’, ‘how can it support rural enterprise efficiency and help break the cycle of enter-prise inefficiency, illiquidity and over-indebtedness’, ‘how can the typical constraints of uncertainland-ownership for financial institutions in the transformation process be overcome’, and ‘whattype of institutional innovations are called for’. These issues are evaluated in the light of theoryand empirically analysed for the country case Romania. The book consists of three parts. First, itdiscusses rural finance and transition from a theoretical perspective. The second part contains

empirical research results relevant to the development of Romania’s rural sector. Thirdly, it for-mulates policy recommendations to overcome market and government failures in building anefficient rural financial market in transition countries.

Contents: Gertrud Schrieder/Franz Heidhues: Transition and Rural Finance · Paul G. Hare: Pro-perty Relations and Financial Reforms in Transition Economies · Junior R. Davis/Angela Gaburici:The Economic Activity of Private Farms in Romania during Transition: Just how Competitive arethey? · Franz Heidhues/Gertrud Schrieder: Introduction · Angela Gaburici: Private AgriculturalSector: Resources – Activities – Constraints · Gertrud Schrieder/Franz Heidhues: The InstitutionalSide of Financial Intermediation · Barbara Breitschopf: Gaps between Supply and Demand ofRural Finance at the Small and Medium Scale Private Farm Level · Junior R. Davis/Paul G. Hare:The Role of the Rural Financial Market at the Meso ad the Macro Levels of an Economy · FranzHeidhues/Angela Gaburici/Paul G. Hare/Junior R. Davis/Barbara Breitschopf/Gertrud Schrieder:Conclusions and Policy Recommendations · Junior R. Davis/Paul G. Hare: Reforming the Systemsof Rural Finance Provision in Romania: Some Options for Privatisation and Change · GertrudSchrieder/Jürgen Munz/Raimund Jehle: Rural Regional Development in Transition Economies:Country Case Romania · Mehnaz Savafian: Rural Financial Market Development of the PrivateFarm Sector in Romania: A Case Study of the Dorna Basin

13 · Susanna Wolf (ed.)

The Future of EU-ACP RelationsFrankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles,New York, Wien, 1999.XIII, 158 pp., 6 tab., 5 graph.ISBN 3-631-35611-0 / US-ISBN 0-8204-4715-3pb. € 40.–

12 · Andreas Neef

Auswirkungen von Bodenrechts-wandel auf Ressourcennutzung undwirtschaftliches Verhalten vonKleinbauern in Niger und BeninFrankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, New York, Paris,Wien, 1999. XXXIV, 290 S., zahlr. Tab. und Graf.ISBN 3-631-34782-0br. € 57.–

Der Autor wurde 1998 für die Arbeit mitdem Josef-G.-Knoll-Wissenschaftspreis fürErnährungssicherung der Eiselen-Stiftungin Ulm ausgezeichnet.

11 · John M. Msuya

Nutrition Improvement Projectsin Tanzania: Implementation,Determinants of Performance,and Policy ImplicationsFrankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, New York, Paris,Wien, 1999. XX, 206 pp., num. fig. and tab.ISBN 3-631-34113-X / US-ISBN 0-8204-3639-9pb. € 46.–

10 · Justin Bomda

Déterminants de l’Epargne et duCrédit, et leurs Implications pour leDéveloppement du Système FinancierRural au CamerounFrankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, New York, Paris,Wien, 1998. XXXII, 215 p., num. tab., 8 graf.ISBN 3-631-33688-8br. € 49.–

9 · Michael Brüntrup

Agricultural Price Policy and its Impacton Production, Income, Employmentand the Adoption of InnovationsA Farming Systems Based Analysis of CottonPolicy in Northern BeninFrankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, New York, Paris,Wien, 1997. XXVIII, 517 pp., num. fig. and tab.ISBN 3-631-31877-4 / US-ISBN 0-8204-3284-9pb. € 86.–

8 · Jenny Müller

Income Distribution in the AgriculturalSector of ThailandEmpirical Analysis and Policy OptionsFrankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, New York, Paris,Wien, 1996. 289 pp., 33 fig., 88 tab.ISBN 3-631-30920-1 / US-ISBN 0-8204-3234-2pb. € 49.–

7 · Nestor R. Ahoyo Adjovi

Economie des systèmes deproduction intégrant la culturede riz au sud du Bénin:Potentialités, contraintes etperspectivesFrankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, New York, Paris,Wien, 1996. XXVIII, 269 p., 7 fig., 66 tab., 57 graph.ISBN 3-631-30248-7br. € 56.–

6 · Gertrud Schrieder

The Role of Rural Finance for FoodSecurity of the Poor in CameroonFrankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, New York, Paris,Wien, 1996. XLV, 300 pp., 17 fig., 115 tab.ISBN 3-631-49620-6 / US-ISBN 0-8204-2986-4pb. € 57.–

5 · Elke M. Förster

Protection or Liberalization?A Policy Analysis of the Korean Beef SectorFrankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, New York, Paris,Wien, 1996. 209 pp., 18 fig., 66 tab.ISBN 3-631-49675-3 / US-ISBN 0-8204-2956-2pb. € 40.–

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4 · Franz Heidhues /François Kamajou (eds.)

Agricultural Policy Analysis –Proceedings of an InternationalSeminarheld at the University of Dschang,Cameroon on May 26 and 27, 1994funded by the European Union underthe Science and Technology Program(STD)Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, New York,Paris, Wien, 1996. XXXIV, 192 pp., num. fig.ISBN 3-631-49474-2 / US-ISBN 0-8204-2958-9pb. € 46.–

3 · Stephan Bea

Direktinvestitionen inEntwicklungsländernAuswirkungen von Stabilisierungs-maßnahmen und Strukturreformenin MexikoFrankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, New York,Paris, Wien, 1995. XXI, 237 S., 42 Abb.ISBN 3-631-49475-0br. € 49.–

2 · Heike Michelsen

Auswirkungen der Währungsunion auf denStrukturanpassungsprozeßder Länder der afrikanischenFranc-ZoneFrankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, New York,Paris, Wien, 1995.XXVI, 330 S., 37 Abb., 74 Tab.ISBN 3-631-49338-Xbr. € 57.–

1 · Andrea Fadani

Agricultural Price Policy andExport and Food Production inCameroonA Farming Systems Analysis of PricingPoliciesThe Case of Coffee-Based FarmingSystemsFrankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles,New York, Wien, 1999.XX, 279 pp., num. tab. and graph.ISBN 3-631-35688-9 / US-ISBN 0-8204-4718-8pb. € 57.–